PK z<`0hH" H" refs.MYDH ? % Leah E. Adams-Curtis
Gordon B. Forbes 2004t College Women's Experiences of Sexual Coersion: A Review of Cultural, Perpetrator, Victim, and Situational Variables 91-122 Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 5 2\ pathology; Sexual coercion; college students; date rape; fraternities, alcohol, gender roles The literature on college women’s experiences with sexual coercion is reviewed, with an emphasis on work published since 1990. Sexual coercion is defined as any situation in which one person uses verbal or physical means (including the administration of drugs or alcohol, with or without the other person’s consent) to obtain sexual activity against consent.We argue that coercive sexual behavior among college students can best be understood within the context of other sexual behaviors and values on college campuses. Significant definitional and methodological problems are identified and discussed. Important victim, perpetrator, and situational variables are identified and discussed. These include attitudes toward women, beliefs about sexual behavior (including rape-supporting beliefs and values), communication problems, coercion-supporting peer groups (including fraternities and athletics), concepts of masculinity and femininity, sexual promiscuity, and alcohol. Millikin University DOI: 10.1177/1524838003262331~?
Adkins, L. 20028 Sexuality and economy: Historicisation vs deconstruction 31-41 Australian Feminist Studies 17 379 identity; socio-cultural context; socio-economics; review One area of contention in contemporary feminist debate is the question of whether or not recent analyses of gender and sexuality are able to take account of matters of history, the social and the economic. In particular, it has been suggested that analyses which propose that gender and sexuality are best understood as performative in character and as performatively constituted are unable to deal with issues of historical, social and economic specificity in consumer culture. In this article I take up elements of this debate, especially as they have played out in regard to questions of identity. In so doing I discuss the recent work of Nancy Fraser who has espoused the benefits of the method of historicisation. I concentrate in particular on her redistribution–recognition framework and her claim that certain injustices (such as those of class) are best addressed through a politics of redistribution, while other injustices such as those of heterosexism are best remedied through a politics of cultural recognition. I discuss the controversies around this framework, including Judith Butler’s claim that the redistribution–recognition framework positions lesbian and gay struggles as ‘merely cultural’. What this exposition of the ‘historicisation’ vs ‘deconstruction’ debate will serve to illustrate is that for those who prefer the method of historicisation, a problematic differentiation of identity from
questions of history and socio-economics is often performed. This is illustrated with reference to the economy, and especially service economies, where issues of identity and socio-economics come together in complex ways and, moreover, cannot be separated straightforwardly. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Adkins L Univ Manchester Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England Univ Manchester Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England 0005 Aust. Fem. Stud- 535DW-0005 535DW: Document Delivery available ~? Aggleton, P.
Warwick, I. 20024 Education and HIV/AIDS prevention among young people 263-7 AIDS Education and Prevention 14 3 education; HIV; United Nations JunJ In 1994, the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) recommended that “ . . . information and services should be made available to adolescents to help them understand their sexuality and protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and subsequent risk of infertility. This should be combined with the education of young men to respect women’s self–determination and to share responsibility
with women in matters of sexuality and reproduction.” —ICPD, 7.41 Five years later, during a follow-up meeting convened by the United Nations in the Hague, governments agreed that all school children should receive education about population and health issues, including reproductive health. They also agreed that 90%of 15- to 24-year–olds should have access to information and services by the year 2005 to prevent HIV infection, including female and male condoms, voluntary testing, counseling and follow–up (http://www.unfpa.org/icpd/icpdmain.htm). Yet progress after both of these meetings has been slow. In only a few countries has young people’s sexual and reproductive health (including HIV/AIDS prevention) become part of the public health agenda, with policies, standards, and services being
adapted to address their specific needs. There is still much to be done in providing information and youth–friendly services, and in raising awareness of young people’s rights and needs http://www.familycareintl.org/icpd/icpd_sr_adolescentw.htm). The rapid development of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic has added new impetus to these demands.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12092927! 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article 12092927h Thomas Coram Research Unit at the Institute of Education, University of London, UK. P.Aggleton@ioe.ac.uk 3ҿ? Agustin, Laura Maria 2005= New Research Directions: The Cultural Study of Commercial Sex 618-631 Sexualities 8 5O culture; commercial sex; cultural studies; prostitution; sex industry; sex work December 1, 2005 A paradoxical combination of moral revulsion and resigned tolerance has permitted the sex industry's uncontrolled development in the underground economy and also impeded research on the phenomena involved. The gaze of researchers as well as government and non-governmental actors remains fixed on individual women who sell sex, while a range of other issues is neglected. In this article, ethnographic material from Spain illustrates how commercial sex is tangled up in culture, suggests a number of issues that open up once the field is defined as cultural and argues that efforts to propose new models of governance on prostitution' need the benefit of much more information than is now available.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/5/618 Sexualities nodo50 - spanish activist org 10.1177/1363460705058400 ? Cara Aitchison 1999I New cultural geographies: the spatiality of leisure, gender and sexuality 19-39 Leisure Studies 18 1# space; review; gender and sexuality doi:10.1080/026143699375032 1999/01// The contribution of geography to leisure research is well established. The relation-ships between spatiality, gender and sexuality are, however, less clearly articulated within previous leisure geographies. Whilst the concepts of spatialized feminism and gendered space have been well documented in geography, this is less true in relation to leisure studies. Only recently have leisure and tourism scholars begun to acknowledge that the synergy between gender relations and spatial relations is a major contributor to leisure relations (Aitchison, C. and Jordon, F. (1998) Gender, Space and Identity: Leisure, Culture and Commerce, Leisure Studies Association, Eastbourne; Watson, B. and Scraton, S. (1998) Leisure Studies 17(2), 123-37). This recent shift can be attributed, in part, to the new cultural geography and its inclusion of leisure, culture and tourism within its spatial analysis. This paper reviews the development of the new cultural geography and its impact upon leisure studies. The review is constructed in the form of a chronology which addresses four distinct discourses of leisure geographies. The first discourse identified is that of traditional leisure geographies which are reviewed in the context of a historical overview of the geographical analysis of leisure spaces, places and landscapes. The second section of the paper then examines the impact of feminist theory upon geography in the 1980s. The feminist leisure studies of the late 1980s, and their emphasis upon social relations rather than spatial relations, then forms the third section of the paper. Finally, the recent synergy of spatial and social analyses of gender, sexuality and leisure, embodied by the new cultural geography, is evaluated. In conclusion, it is argued that the new cultural geography, with its focus upon space as relative and symbolic, rather than absolute and material, enhances the 'geographical imagination' by providing alternative 'ways of seeing' leisure.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026143699375032
TY - JOUR: Cheltenham and Glouchester College of Higher Education, UK{<7 , Albarracin, D.
Kumkale, G. T.
Johnson, B. T. 2004^ Influences of social power and normative support on condom use decisions: a research synthesis 700-23 AIDS Care 16 60 methods; social power; meta-analysis; condom use Aug A meta-analysis of 58 studies involving 30,270 participants examined how study population and methodological characteristics influence the associations among norms, control perceptions, attitudes, intentions and behaviour in the area of condom use. Findings indicated that control perceptions generally correlated more strongly among members of societal groups that lack power, including female, younger individuals, ethnic-minorities and people with lower educational levels. Furthermore, norms generally had stronger influences among younger individuals and among people who have greater access to informational social support, including males, ethnic majorities and people with higher levels of education. These findings are discussed in the context of HIV prevention efforts.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15370059 K01-mh01861/mh/nimh
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England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 153700590 University of Florida, FL, USA. dalbarra@ufl.edu eng F? Alderson, Kevin 2003$ The Ecological Model of Gay Identity' The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 12 2 identity; ecological theory; This paper introduces the ecological theory of gay male identity. The model incorporates both developmental stages and process components in explaining identity formation, and it seeks to identify all psychosocial influences affecting the person, including internal psychological factors and external factors (social and environmental). The ecological theory addresses a number of the criticisms directed at stage models while also providing a psychosocial explanation for why some homosexually-oriented men eventually self-identify as gay. The development of a positive gay identity represents the final achievement in the model. Conceptual definitions for sexual orientation and gay identity are provided, in addition to implications for continuing research and counselling practice.
755 University of Calgary, Division of Applied Psychology<7 * Alene, G. D.
Wheeler, J. G.
Grosskurth, H. 2004l Adolescent reproductive health and awareness of HIV among rural high school students, North Western Ethiopia 57-68 AIDS Care 16 1 adolescents; hiv; Africa Jan Ethiopia is faced with an increasing problem from HIV infection, and the vulnerability of adolescents is a key concern. There is little information on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of this age group with respect to HIV, sexually transmitted diseases and preventive measures. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 260 students from two rural high schools in North Western Ethiopia. We found that although the general awareness of HIV was high, correct knowledge of the virus and its modes of transmission was shown in only 44% of adolescent boys and 41% of adolescent girls. Knowledge of HIV and condoms was lower among students whose parents were farmers, significant so among girls (p=0.02). Use of condoms among sexually active single male students (49%) was insufficient but was higher than among adolescents in many other African settings. Knowledge of STDs was generally low: 82% of adolescent males and 37% of adolescent females had some awareness of STDs. Almost 20% of sexually active males in the study had previously experienced an STD, almost all of whom had visited a commercial sex worker. Targeted interventions are warranted among adolescents and sex workers in Ethiopia complemented by STD treatment services.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14660144 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 14660144U Gondar College of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Health, Gondar, Ethiopia. eng ? Bryant Keith Alexander 2004k Bu(o)ying Condoms: A Prophylactic Performance of Sexuality (or Performance as Cultural Prophylactic Agency) 501-525+ Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 4 40 culture; performance; performative reflexivity; ` This article uses the experience of buying condoms at the grocery store and the free availability of condoms in gay bars as both a literal and figurative analogy for the tensive social issue of negotiating sex and sexuality. It posits the condom both as preventive agent for the spread of disease and as an erotic trigger for the social sexual imaginary. In the process, the project promotes the metaphorical construction of performance as cultural prophylactic agency and calls for a radical performative reflexivity both in performance of everyday life and specifically in academic performative engagement.( California State University, Los Angeles ~?
Alexander, J. C. 2001= The long and winding road: Civil repair of intimate injustice 371-400 Sociological Theory 19 3< critical theory; public sphere; culture; society; discourse. Over the last decade, I have been trying to help fashion a new kind of critical social theory, one that can contribute to the "new theoretical reflection and interpretation of social contestation and political action" (Cohen 1982:xii) that such post-Marxist thinkers as Cohen and Seyla Benhabib (1986) called for two decades ago but that has seemed less and less ascertainable with the passing of time. Outlining a sociological approach to what I call the "civil sphere" of society, I have defined what I would like to think is a new object domain for sociology, one centering on the expansion and contraction of democratic solidarity. Through a series of conceptual elaborations and empirical investigations, I have begun to sketch out core components of this "civil sphere." These cultural and institutional components are fundamentally ambiguous, and they form contradictory relations with the "noncivil" domains that surround the civil sphere. English Article
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Reprint available from: Alexander JC CT 06520 USA Yale Univ, Dept Sociol New Haven, CT 06520 USA 0008 Sociol. Theor- 489AE-0008 489AE: Document Delivery available+ Yale University, Dept Sociology, New Haven, F?
Dennis Altman 2004 Sexuality and Globalization" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 1 1 globalisation; identity Globalization has an impact on all aspects of life, including the construction, regulation and imagination of sexuality and gender. This paper aims to suggest some of the ways in which this impact is occurring, primarily in the developing world, with some emphasis on questions of HIV, sexual identity, and human and sexual rights. In issues of sexuality, as in other spheres, globalization increases inequalities, acting both as a liberatory and an oppressive influence. 63% La Trobe University, Politics Program ~? 6 Ampofo, A. A.
Beoku-Betts, J.
Njambi, W. N.
Osirim, M. 2004p Women's and gender studies in English-speaking sub-Saharan Africa - A review of research in the social sciences 685-714 Gender & Society 18 6* feminism; gender; Africa; womens studies; This article seeks to broaden understanding of issues and controversies addressed in social science research on women's and gender studies by researchers and activists based in English-speaking sub-Saharan Africa. The topics covered were selected from those ratified by African women in the Africa Platform for Action in 1995 as well as from current debates on the politics of identity. The common feminist issues the authors identified were health; gender-based violence; sexuality education, globalization and work; and politics, the state, and nongovernmental organizations. In addition, the authors address theoretical and methodological trends. All four coauthors are feminist sociologists: One scholar is based in an African academic institution, two are Africans based in U.S. academic institutions, and one is an African American based in a US. academic institution. [References: 142] 142 English Review
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Reprint available from: Ampofo AA Univ Ghana Accra Ghana Univ Ghana Accra Ghana Florida Atlantic Univ Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA Bryn Mawr Coll Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA 0002 Gend. Soc- 868XG-0002 868XG: Document Delivery available! University of Ghana, Accra Ghana ~?
Andersen, M. L. 2005/ Thinking about women - A quarter century's view 437-455 Gender & Society 19 43 feminism; sociology; sex-roles; gender; difference.< This article reviews the development of feminist studies during the latter quarter of the twentieth century, identifying initial themes infeminist theory and highlighting three major themes framing feminist scholarship today: the relationship between structure and agency; the intersection of race, class, and gender; and emerging studies of the political economy of sexuality. The article emphasizes the significance of understanding structured inequality, including new studies of sexuality and their relationship to race/class/gender stratification. [References: 53] 53 English Article
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Reprint available from: Andersen ML Univ Delaware Newark, DE 19716 USA Univ Delaware Newark, DE 19716 USA 0001 Gend. Soc- 943NR-0001 943NR: Document Delivery available, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA k? Anderson, Eric 2005i Orthodox and Inclusive Masculinity: Competing Masculinities among Heterosexual Men in a Feminized Terrain 337 Sociological Perspectives 48 3\ masculinity; social construction; Gender differences; Sex roles; Feminism; cheerleaders; USA Using in-depth interviews and participant observation from sixty-eight male cheerleaders and four selected cheerleading teams, this research examines the construction of masculinity among college-age heterosexual male cheerleaders. Whereas previous studies of men in feminized terrain have shown that hegemonic processes of dominance and subordination influence most men to bolster their masculinity through an approximation of orthodox masculine requisites, this research finds that heterosexual men in collegiate cheerleading today exhibit two forms of normative masculinity. One form retains most tenets of orthodox masculine construction, whereas the other is shown to be more inclusive. Men who subscribe to this inclusive form of masculinity do not respond to their transgression into feminized terrain in the same manner as has been shown in other investigations of men in feminized arenas because they are shown to accept feminine behavior and homosexuality among men. The emergence of this more inclusive form of masculinity is attributed to many factors, including the structure of the sport, the reduction of cultural, institutional, and organizational homophobia, and the resocialization of men into a gender integrated sport. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]T http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=988616441&Fmt=7&clientId=20828&RQT=309&VName=PQD 07311214 ? Arksey, Hilary
O’Malley, Lisa 20053 Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework 19-324 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 1, methods; scoping studies; literature reviews This paper focuses on scoping studies, an approach to reviewing the literature which to date has received little attention in the research methods literature. We distinguish between different types of scoping studies and indicate where these stand in relation to full systematic reviews. We outline a framework for conducting a scoping study based on our recent experiences of reviewing the literature on services for carers for people with mental health problems. Where appropriate, our approach to scoping the field is contrasted with the procedures followed in systematic reviews. We emphasize how including a consultation exercise in this sort of study may enhance the results, making them more useful to policy makers, practitioners and service users. Finally, we consider the advantages and limitations of the approach and suggest that a wider debate is called for about the role of the scoping study in relation to other types of literature reviews.- http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645570320001196162 ISSN 1364–5579 (print)/ISSN 1464–5300 (online)R? Arnfred, Signe 2007P Sex, Food and Female Power: Discussion of Data Material from Northern Mozambique 141-158 Sexualities 10 2= feminism; Africa; female power; Makhuwa; matriliny; sexuality
April 1, 2007 Issues of sex and food are often inscribed in male/female relationships. Frequently in a western context sex is perceived as a site of male power and female subordination, while food and cooking are seen as female domains, but still sites of subordination, as elements of women's household chores. In this article, looking at issues of sex and food in a rural matrilineal setting, power aspects of male/female relationships as mediated through sex and food emerge somewhat differently. Sexual proficiency is here a woman's art, mastered by old women and transmitted to the young. Also, in a setting where daily life is largely based on subsistence production, food and cooking become domains of power, again with old women in control. Based on fieldwork in northern Mozambique and with reference to African feminist conceptualizations of male/female power relationships, the article makes a case for rurality and tradition' not necessarily being adverse to female power in social relationships.= http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/2/141 ( Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, Sweden 10.1177/1363460707075795
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Arondekar, A. 20053 Without a trace: Sexuality and the colonial archive 10-27# Journal of the History of Sexuality 14 1-2A history; reconstuction; Sexuality studies; Anthropology; History. The past few decades of scholarship have witnessed a rich outpouring of critical thought on the colonial archive and its varied instantiations. For better or for worse, the turn to the archive is no longer the sacrosanct domain of the discipline of history. Rather, it has emerged as the register of epistemic arrangements, recording in its proliferating avatars the shifting tenor of academic debates about the production and institutionalization of knowledge. As Foucault observed, the idea of the archive animates all knowledge formations and is the structure that makes meaning manifest. Jacques Derrida has termed the quest for such a meaning-making network "le mal d'archive," or "archive fever." The literal and figural site of the archive both permits the "commencement" of and provides the "commandment" for intellectual labor. "Archive fever" expresses the craving for this archive, the desire to enter it and to procure it, even unto death.] Such a deconstructive reading of the archive as a necessary and precarious repository of meaning has been embraced as well as resisted by historians and anthropologists. Social historian Carolyn Steedman reminds us that the material deposits of the past (dust, in her case), whose affective reach exceeds all forms of theorizations, are the "real" drama in archive fever: "You think, in the delirium: it was their dust that I breathed in."
Even as the concept of a fixed and finite archive has come under siege, there has been an explosion of multiple/alternate archives that seek to remedy the erasures of the past. Scholarship in South Asia, in particular, has recast the colonial archive as a site of endless promise, where new records emerge daily and where accepted wisdom is both entrenched and challenged. In some ways, these archival expansions resemble the contours of the earlier canon wars in literary studies, as they question received notions of proof, evidence, and argumentation, particularly in fields involving historical inquiry.
Like other fields of inquiry, sexuality studies' has turned to the colonial archive for legitimacy. Queer texts, topics, and themes have been discovered in the archive and examined exuberantly. The process of "queering" pasts has been realized through corrective reformulations of "suppressed" or misread colonial materials.5 These reformulations have intervened decisively in colonial historiography, not only decentering the idea of a coherent and desirable imperial archive but also forcing us to rethink colonial methodologies. Implicit in this rethinking, however, is the assumption that the archive, in all its multiple articulations, is still the source of knowledge about the colonial past. The inclusion of oral histories, ethnographic data, popular culture, and performances may have fractured traditional definitions of the archive (and for the better), but the telos of knowledge production is still deemed approachable through what one finds, if only one can think of more capacious ways to look. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities.
Reprint available from: Arondekar A Univ Calif Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA Univ Calif Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA 0001 J. Hist. Sex- 004VH-0001 004VH: Document Delivery availableҿ; Attwood, Feona 20061 Sexed Up: Theorizing the Sexualization of Culture 77-94 Sexualities 9 1" culture; postmodern; sexualization February 1, 2006 This article reviews and examines emerging academic approaches to the study of sexualized culture'; an examination made necessary by contemporary preoccupations with sexual values, practices and identities, the emergence of new forms of sexual experience and the apparent breakdown of rules, categories and regulations designed to keep the obscene at bay. The article maps out some key themes and preoccupations in recent academic writing on sex and sexuality, especially those relating to the contemporary or emerging characteristics of sexual discourse. The key issues of pornographication and democratization, taste formations, postmodern sex and intimacy, and sexual citizenship are explored in detail.: http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/1/77 Sexualities Sheffield Hallam University, UK Review of current discourse on sexualized culture but vaguely unsatisfiying and unconvincing given that most of the supporting citations are from the early 1990s and the article is published in 2006. ? Babb, FE 2004? Incitements to desire: Sexual cultures and modernizing projects 225-230 American Ethnologist 31 2* culture; economy; modernity; globalization This review essay considers recent work on sexuality and modernity, broadly conceived. Examining two studies from China and two from parts of Latin America, I suggest that fruitful research and writing is focusing on regions that are undergoing economic transitions marked by growing private sectors and market reform as a consequence of globalization. In these areas one finds both economic and sexual "opening up" to change, with diverse cultural and political implications at the local and the national levels. University of Iowa 5~? Baber, K. M.
Murray, C. I. 2001: A postmodern feminist approach to teaching human sexuality 23-33 Family Relations 50 1 pedegogy; feminism Postmodern feminist theory provides a valuable perspective for designing and teaching human sexuality courses. The utility of this approach is explained and strategies for helping students understand a constructivist framework presented. The theory is put into action, and the following course goats are addressed: (a) shift form a problem-oriented to a strengths approach. (b) provide information and skills that are relevant and useful, (c) expand student' thinking about diversity: and (d) help students maximize their own sexual health and minimize exploitation of themselves and others. The article concludes with a discussion of pedagogical and ethical challenges of teaching from a postmortem feminist perspective. [References: 72] 72, English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Baber KM Univ New Hampshire, Dept Family Studies Durham, NH 03824 USA Univ New Hampshire, Dept Family Studies Durham, NH 03824 USA Univ Nevada, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies Reno, NV 89557 USA 0004 Fam. Relat- 392YU-0004 392YU: Document Delivery availableF University of New Hampshire, Dept Family Studies Durham, NH 03824 USA '<7 Bancroft, J. 20041 Alfred C. Kinsey and the politics of sex research 1-39 Annu Rev Sex Res 15/ politics; sexuality research; funding attitudes In view of the recent phase of political opposition to sex research and intense public interest in Alfred C. Kinsey, this paper considers the impact that Kinsey's research has had on the political process in the past 50 years. Initial reactions to Kinsey's research that remain relevant today include "normal" people don't participate in sex surveys, sex surveys are intended to promote homosexuality, and asking people about their sex lives in a nonjudgmental fashion promotes immorality. Episodes of political opposition are documented, and the long-running anti-Kinsey campaign and its impact on the political process are described and discussed. Reasons why people might still oppose sex research are considered, and conclusions are reached about how sex researchers might deal with this problem.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16913278 : Biography
Historical Article
Journal Article
United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 16913278p The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction, Indiana University, USA. jbancrof@indiana.edu eng ~? Barak, A.
Fisher, W. A. 2001T Toward an Internet-driven, theoretically-based, innovative approach to sex education 324-332 Journal of Sex Research 38 47 pedegogy; internet; AIDS-risk behavior; HIV-infection; Sex education is aimed at equipping individuals with sex-related information, motivation, and behavioral skills that will enable them to avoid sex-related problems and to achieve sexual well-being. Existing sex education programs are generally delivered via relatively passive classroom-based pedagogical techniques and are questionably effective in achieving their aims. The current discussion calls for the development of an Internet-based, theoretically-driven, innovative approach to sex education. This approach weds the special strengths of the Internet as a rich, interactive, individualized pedagogical tool with the strengths of well-validated behavioral science theory in order to provide effective sex education to large numbers of individuals in a very cost-effective fashion. The proposed approach is based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model (J. Fisher Fisher, 1992; W. Fisher & Fisher, in press), and exploits the characteristics of anonymity, availability, affordability, acceptability, and aloneness of using the Internet. Within this approach, learners are first individually assessed in terms of information, motivation, and behavioral skills deficits that are relevant to the individual's sexual problems and sexual well-being. Learners then participate in individually targeted sex education activities-utilizing relevant materials including text, multimedia components, and links to associated sites-which address the individual learner's empirically identified needs and goals. The article concludes with a call for development and evaluation of innovative, Internet-driven, theoretically-based approaches to sex education. [References: 71] 71 English Article
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Reprint available from: Barak A Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol IL-31905 Haifa Israel Univ Haifa, Dept Psychol IL-31905 Haifa Israel Univ Western Ontario London ON N6A 3K7 Canada 0006 J. Sex Res- 538HG-0006 538HG: Document Delivery available7 University of Haifa, Dept Psychol IL-31905 Haifa Israel D?
Barker, Gary
Ricardo, Christine 2005u Young men and the Construction of Masculinity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS, Conflict and Violence Social Development Papers
Washington
World Bank$ masculinity; Africa; gender analysis Gender is increasingly used as an analytical framework in program and policy development for youth in Africa, but in most cases gender refers almost exclusively to the disadvantages that women and girls face. Given the extent of gender inequalities in sub-Saharan Africa, an almost exclusive focus on women and girls has been appropriate. However, a gender perspective and gender mainstreaming have too often ignored the gender of men and boys. The aim of this paper is to explore what a gender perspective means when applied to young men in Africa focusing on conflict, violence and HIV/AIDS. It explores the construction of manhoods in Africa and argues for the application of a more sophisticated gender analysis that also includes men and youth. The authors carried out an extensive literature review, identified promising programs applying a gender perspective to work with young men, carried out 50 informant interviews with staff working with young men in Botswana, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda, and 23 focus group discussions and interviews with young men in Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. A gendered analysis of young men must take into account the plurality of masculinities in Africa. Versions of manhood in Africa are socially constructed, fluid over time and in different settings, and plural. The key requirement to attain manhood in Africa is achieving some level of financial independence, employment or income, and subsequently starting a family. Older men also have a role in holding power over younger men and thus in defining manhood in Africa. Initiation practices or rites of passage are important factors in the socialization of boys and men throughout the region. For young men in Africa, as for young men worldwide, sexual experience is frequently associated with initiation into adulthood and achieving a socially recognized manhood. There are a handful of important program examples that explicitly include discussions of gender socialization in their work with young men. Some key operating principles emerge from the various experiences in working with young men in a gender-specific context, including: (i) explicit discussions of masculinities in educational activities; (ii) creation of enabling environments in which individual and group-level changes are supported by changes in social norms and in institutions; (iii) broader alliance-building; and (iv) the incorporation of the multiple needs of young men. Key challenges include: (i) the need for better impact evaluation; (ii) the scope for scaling up and engaging the public sector; and (iii) the need for documentation, dissemination and technical exchange on program experiences and lessons learned Throughout the report, the authors make references to alternative, non-violent versions of manhood and to elements of traditional socialization in Africa that promote non-violence, and more gender-equitable attitudes on the part of young men, and to forms of socialization and social control that reduce the vulnerabilities of young men and reduce violence. Included in this section are examples of young men whose stories represent ways in which young men can question and counter prevailing norms. These stories and the emerging literature point to some of the following protective factors that promote gender equality, health-seeking or health-protective behaviors and non-violence: (i) a high degree of self-reflection and space to rehearse new behaviors; (ii) having witnessed the impact of violence on their own families and constructed a positive lesson out of these experiences; (iii) tapping into men's sense of responsibility and positive engagement as fathers; (iv) rites of passage and traditions that have served as positive forms of social control, and which have incorporated new information and ideals; (v) family members that model more equitable or non-violent behaviors; (vi) employment and school enrollment in the case of some forms of violence and conflict; and (vii) community mobilization around the vulnerabilities of young men. Changing gender norms is slow, and it is made even slower by the fact that those who make program and policy decisions often have their own deep-seated biases about gender and are frequently resistant to question those. Efforts to question the sexual behavior of men in the African context, for example, have sometimes run into resistance by national level leaders who perceive that African men themselves are being "bashed" or maligned. The challenge to promote changes in gender norms is to tap into voices of change and pathways to change that exist in the context of Africa. Ultimately it will be the voices of these young men and adult men, and women, who will promote the necessary individual, community and social changes.D http://www.promundo.org.br/Pesquisa/Young%20Men%20SubSaharan_Web.pdf Paper No. 26 ~? Bauni, E. K.
Jarabi, B. O. 2000^ Family planning and sexual behavior in the era of HIV/AIDS: The case of Nakuru District, Kenya 69-80 Studies in Family Planning 31 14 HIV; Africa; sexual behaviour; methods; Focus Groups Recently, the prevalence of contraceptive use has increased in Kenya. The twin risks of unwanted pregnancy and HIV/AIDS infection remain central concerns of reproductive health programs. However, we do not know how sexually active men and women perceive these risks, nor the strategies they consider appropriate to cope with these risks, nor the difficulties they face in trying to adopt appropriate sexual behaviors to minimize them. This study seeks to provide insights into perceptions, coping strategies, and constraints in the changing behavior of sexually active people in Nakuru District, Kenya. Twelve focus-group discussions were conducted, the results of which show that people in the study area consider the two risks to be serious problems, but that they neither use condoms within marriage nor refuse their partners sex even if they perceive a risk of acquiring HIV. These findings call for serious efforts toward fostering behavioral change in this area. [References: 28] 28 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Bauni EK Populat Council, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr POB 17643 Nairobi Kenya Populat Council, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr Nairobi Kenya 0006 Stud. Fam. Plan- 300NW-0006 300NW: Document Delivery availableb? Bell, David
Binnie, Jon 2004@ Authenticating queer space: citizenship, urbanism and governance 1807 - 1820
Urban Studies 41 9 Routledge) sexual spaces; citizenship; urban spaces; The focus of this paper is the impact of the new urban order on sexualised spaces in cities. The paper explores how sexual others are conscripted into the process of urban transformation and, by turn, how city branding has become part of the sexual citizenship agenda. The interweaving of urban governance and sexual citizenship agendas produces particular kinds of sexual spaces, at the exclusion of other kinds. The paper considers the extent to which the idea of sexual citizenship has been woven into the tournament of urban entrepreneurialism and how this affects sexualised spaces. This process is read as an instance of the new homonormativity, producing a global repertoire of themed gay villages, as cities throughout the world weave commodified gay space into their promotional campaigns.8 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/0042098042000243165 0042-0980 %[ April 20, 2007 Stafforshire University M~? Bell, K. 20053 Genital cutting and western discourses on sexuality 125-48 Medical Anthropology Quarterly 19 2 circumcision; Africa; female Jun This article explores dominant discourses surrounding male and female genital cutting. Over a similar period of time, these genital operations have separately been subjected to scrutiny and criticism. However, although critiques of female circumcision have been widely taken up, general public opinion toward male circumcision remains indifferent. This difference cannot merely be explained by the natural attributes and effects of these practices. Rather, attitudes toward genital cutting reflect historically and culturally specific understandings of the human body. In particular, I suggest that certain problematic understandings of male and female sexuality are deeply implicated in the dominant Western discourses on genital surgery.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15974324( 0745-5194 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 15974324 Macquarie University, USA.~?
Bem, D. J. 2000S Exotic becomes erotic: interpreting the biological correlates of sexual orientation 531-48 Archives of Sexual Behavior 29 6? orientation; biology; comparative Study; Psychological Theory; Dec4 Although biological findings currently dominate the research literature on the determinants of sexual orientation, biological theorizing has not yet spelled out a developmental path by which any of the various biological correlates so far identified might lead to a particular sexual orientation. The Exotic-Becomes-Erotic (EBE) theory of sexual orientation (Bem, 1996) attempts to do just that, by suggesting how biological variables might interact with experiential and sociocultural factors to influence an individual's sexual orientation. Evidence for the theory is reviewed, and a path analysis of data from a large sample of twins is presented which yields preliminary support for the theory's claim that correlations between genetic variables and sexual orientation are mediated by childhood gender nonconformity.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11100261! 0004-0002 (Print)
Journal Article 11100261\ Cornell University, Department of Psychology, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. d.bem@cornell.edu 'ҿ? Benkert, Holly 2002E Liberating Insights from a Cross-cultural Sexuality Study About Women 1197-1207 American Behavioral Scientist 45 8; feminism; methods; qualitative; Cross-Cultural Comparison;
April 1, 2002 In this article, the author reflects on some of the difficulties encountered when conducting cross-cultural qualitative research. The article begins with a description of a focus group study that researched how feminist women define sexual liberation. The author then examines some of the issues inherent when including participants from different countries, races, ages, and sexual orientation. The findings point to insights about research issues including language, research methods, age, race, sexuality, traditional practices, and cultural norms. Lastly, the author encourages dialogue as a way to address issues of difference and increase collective consciousness.5 http://abs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/45/8/1197 American Behavioral Scientist Madison Consulting, Focus Works 10.1177/0002764202045008003 ]? ; Deevia Bhana
Robert Morrell
Jeff Hearn
Relebohile Moletsane 2007[ Power and Identity: An Introduction to Sexualities in Southern Africa Special Issue Editors 131 Sexualities 10 editorial; africa ~ In this introduction we provide a framework for and an overview of the seven articles included in this special issue. We begin by discussing the history and historiography of sexuality in Southern Africa. We then examine some of the theoretical approaches used in the study of sexuality in Southern Africa. Finally, we summarize the contributions, drawing connections between them. ( ~? Binnie, J.
Skeggs, B. 2004g Cosmopolitan knowledge and the production and consumption of sexualized space: Manchester's gay village 39-61 Sociological Review 52 12 sexual space; cosmotolitanism; class; social space According to Zizek (1997) the logic of late capitalism offers opportunities for the incorporation of previously marginalised groups, whilst simultaneously dividing them at the same time. These possibilities for incorporation create divisions on the basis of gender, race, sexuality and class. Here, we examine how the capitalist desire for opening new markets for leisure consumption with new forms of branding, alongside the desire for the territorialisation of space by campaigning gay and lesbian groups, has led to the formation of a 'gay space' marketed as a cosmopolitan spectacle, in which the central issue becomes a matter of access and knowledge: who can use, consume and be consumed in gay space? We also ask what is the radical political impetus of sexual politics when commodified as cosmopolitan and incorporated spatially? The paper grounds the examination of the politics of cosmopolitanism within a specific locality drawing upon research undertaken on the contested use of space within Manchester's gay village. The paper is organised into four sections. The first examines competing definitions of cosmopolitanism, exploring how sexuality and class are framed as conceptual limits. The second describes how Manchester's gay village is imagined and branded as cosmopolitan. The third considers the navigation and negotiation of difference within this space. The final section evaluates the exclusions from cosmopolitan space and pursues the significance of this for arguments about incorporation in late capitalism. [References: 75] 75{ English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Binnie J Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Environm & Geog Sci John Dalton Bldg,Chester St Manchester M1 5GD Lancs England Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Environm & Geog Sci Manchester M1 5GD Lancs England Univ Manchester, Dept Sociol Manchester M13 9PL Lancs England 0003 Sociol. Rev- 779UZ-0003 779UZ: Document Delivery availables Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Environm & Geog Sci John Dalton Bldg,Chester St Manchester M1 5GD Lancs England ҿ? Binnie, Jon
Valentine, Gill 1999/ Geographies of sexuality - a review of progress 175-187 Progress in Human Geography 23 2L space; feminist geography; homophobia; lesbian geographies; queer politics; June 1, 1999 This article examines the recent rapid growth of work on the geographies of sexuality. The authors argue that while sexuality has become an area of considerable interest within social and cultural geography, much remains to be done to tackle homophobia within the discipline as a whole. The article critiques the ease with which sexuality as an object of study has become assimilated into the discipline while homophobia remains deep seated. The authors discuss how feminist geography has been both supportive and restrictive in this respect. Reviewing the development of work on geographies of sexuality, the article argues we need to move away from a simple mapping of lesbian and gay spaces towards a more critical treatment of the differences between sexual dissidents. Finally, the authors argue for a greater forging of links with writers outside the discipline to consolidate work in this emerging area.4 http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/2/175 Progress in Human Geography ? Blackwood, Evelyn 2005" The Spectre of the Patriarchal Man 42-45 American Ethnologist 32 1r relationships; hegemonic partriachy; marriage; matrifocality; patriarchal man; heteronomativity; gender; sexuality~ Using Levi-Strauss as a starting point, although , of course, not the starting point, I argued that the trope of the dominant heterosexual man has continued to permeate theories of marriage and family, and by extension anthropology as a whole. I use this trope as a way to explain the problems with matrifocality and matriliny: that the misdirection lay in the anthropologists' understanding of marriage as a prerogative of the dominant heterosexual man. as I explored the ramifications of this trope, I came to see that it works to erase the multiple personalities of men, in particular men who do not attain dominant heterosexual status Purdue University, Indiana ~?! Bliss, K. E. 2001n The sexual revolution in Mexican studies: New perspectives on gender, sexuality, and culture in modern Mexico 247-268 Latin American Research Review 36 1 culture; Mexicans} A decade ago, researchers investigating the social and cultural dynamics of sexuality in the twentieth-century Mexico would have turned to the largely quantitative studies of population growth and reproductive health for background information. Historians of colonial New Spain and early independant Mexico had published a series of important works on such issues as marriage, sexuality, and prostitution. Political scientists and sociologists expanded the studies of labor and social movements in Mexico to consider women as well. But such questions as how twentieth-century men and women thought about sexual behaviour, how society defines particular activities as 'masculine' or 'feminine', and how and when men and women define themselves as homosexual or heterosexual in Mexico had yet to motivate a substantial body of research from historical, literary, or anthropological perspectives. English Review
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Reprint available from: Bliss KE Univ Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA Univ Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA 0012 Lat. Am. Res. Rev- 402NZ-0012 402NZ: Document Delivery available3 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA ~?" Boellstorff, T. 2005> Between religion and desire: Being Muslim and gay in Indonesia 575-585 American Anthropologist 107 4 religion; Indonesia; gay Thousands of Indonesian men now identify as both "gay" and "Muslim." How do these men understand the relationship between religion and sexuality? How do these understandings reflect the fact that they live in the nation that is home to more Muslims than any other? In this article, I address questions such as these through an ethnographic study of gay Muslims. I argue that dominant social norms render being gay and being Muslim "ungrammatical" with each other in the public sphere that is crucial to Muslim life in Indonesia. Through examining doctrine, interpretation, and community, I explore how gay Muslim subjectivity takes form in this incommensurability between religion and desire. [References: 49] 49 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2006 week 07
Reprint available from: Boellstorff T Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Anthropol Irvine, CA 92697 USA Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Anthropol Irvine, CA 92697 USA 0001 Am. Anthropol- 004WX-0001 004WX: Document Delivery available5 University of California, Dept Anthropology, Irvine, ?# Anthony F Bogaert 2002? Recent research on sexual orientation and fraternal birth order 101' The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 11 22 orientation; homosexuality; birth order; siblings; Summer 20020 Number of older brothers (or "fraternal" birth order) predicts a homosexual orientation in men but not in women. In this paper, I review recent research on the fraternal birth order effect. For example, I present a recent study using two national probability samples that indicates that number of older brothers increases homosexual attraction but not homosexual behavior/experience in men. In addition, I present a study using Canadian data indicating that fraternal birth order may interact with height to predict sexual orientation in men such that a homosexual orientation is most likely to occur in men who have a high number of older brothers and a shorter stature. Results of these and other recent studies are discussed in relation to biological and psychosocial theories of the fraternal birth order effect.S http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=328795601&Fmt=7&clientId=20828&RQT=309&VName=PQD
TY - JOUR 11884517<7$ Bolton, P.
M. Wilk C 2004I How do Africans view the impact of HIV? A report from a Ugandan community 123-8 AIDS Care 16 1L HIV ; methods; Cross-Sectional Studies; Africa; Uganda; Attitude to Health; Jan Although much research has been conducted on the causes and outcomes of HIV, far less has been written about how the affected societies themselves perceive the epidemic. This is particularly true in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we interviewed 50 residents (28 female, 22 male) from 30 villages across the Rakai and contiguous portion of the Masaka districts in southwest Uganda about the problems affecting their communities as a result of HIV. These problems formed three main categories: (1) lack of able-bodied adults, (2) lack of care for children, and (3) mental and social problems. The interrelatedness of these categories is discussed in the context of communities that are struggling to recover from the effects of HIV.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14660150 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 14660150T Boston University, School of Public Health, Department of International Health, USA. eng <7% Boyarin, D.
Castelli, E. A. 2001p Introduction: Foucault's The History Of sexuality: The fourth volume, or, a field left fallow for others to till 357-374# Journal of the History of Sexuality 10 3-4 religion; history of sexuality Jul-Oct The untimely death of Michel Foucault in 1984 left unfinished his influential and controversial multivolume the History of Sexuality. Indeed, volumes 2 and 3 appeared on bookshop shelves in Paris only a few days before his death. The forth volume, entitled Les Aveux de la chair (Confessions of the flesh) and devoted to the discourse of sexuality in late ancient Christianity, remains at Foucault's request unpublished. In the intervening years since the publication of volumes 2 and 3, the History of Sexuality has been the object of intense engagement and critique, and it has left its imprint on a wide body of scholarship and inquiry. 10(3-4) Editorial Material Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities. Reprint available from: Boyarin D Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Barnard Coll New York, NY USA 1043-4070 J. Hist. Sex
523JF-0001> University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, . English
F?& f Boyce, P.
Huang Soo Lee,M.
Jenkins, C.
Mohamed, S.
Overs, C.
Paiva, V.
Reid, E.
Tan, M.
Aggleton, P. 2007C Putting sexuality (back) into HIV/AIDS: Issues, theory and practice Global Public Health Routledge, HIV/AIDS, gender, programming, interventions After more than twenty years of programming and activism aimed at stemming the sexual transmission of HIV (and addressing the needs of those most vulnerable to infection) the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow worldwide. Taking up this concern, this paper argues that one of the reasons why HIV prevention haws had limited success is because of inadequate conceptualization of human sexuality in such work. Giving sexuality a more prominent position in responses to the epidemic raises a range of issues, including theorization of gender, understanding of sexual subjectivity, the significance of pleasure (or lack of pleasure) in sexual decision making, and conceptualizing of sexual behaviour and culture. Taking these themes forward entails asking significant questions about the underlying paradigmatic and methodological commitments of mainstream HIV/AIDS research, especially the tendency to reproduce accounts of human sexuality as if it were a measurable form of conduct only. Advocating new approaches that take the meaning and symbolic value of sexualities into account complicates established orthodoxies in the field whilst offering potential for more effective HIV prevention strategies. Global Public Health, University of London, Thomas Coram Instituteҿ?' Boyd, Susan 1999/ Family, Law and Sexuality: Feminist Engagements 369-390 Social Legal Studies 8 3
feminism; Law September 1, 1999 The author explores feminist frameworks within which questions of family, law and sexuality can best be explored, drawing on recent efforts to (re)establish materialist feminist theory. She suggests that in order to make the important link between questions of gender, sexuality, difference, desire, identity and subjectivity on the one hand, and problems of production and exploitation on the other, a materialist feminist theory must incorporate the strengths of Marxist feminism with those of postmodernist feminism. As a way of exploring the politics of current struggles for legal recognition of lesbian and gay relationships as 'spousal', she engages with the debate between Nancy Fraser and Judith Butler on the 'recognition/redistribution' dichotomy. She argues that neither theorist takes seriously enough the role of the family in the privatisation of the costs of social reproduction within capitalism. She concludes that the important lesbian/gay struggles for legal recognition of 'spousal' relationships, such as in the M v H lesbian spousal support case in Canada, should not be seen as sufficient to achieve social equality. Such legal struggles must be accompanied by trenchant critiques of the limits of such recognition in redistributing wealth and well-being.3 http://sls.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/3/369 Social Legal Studies <7( Bozon, M. 2001@ Sexuality, gender, and the couple: a sociohistorical perspective 1-32 Annu Rev Sex Res 12B relationships; sexual behavior; social behavior; sociology/history My purpose is to tackle the major issues concerning the relation between sexuality and conjugality in a sociohistorical and cross-cultural perspective. The starting point is a critical reading of an excerpt from Sexual Conduct (Gagnon & Simon, 1973). I address the nature of changes, over the centuries and in the last few decades, in the relationship between marriage and sexuality, focusing on the reversal of the traditional dependency of sexuality on conjugality. An important issue in marital sex research, which deserves a truly sociological approach, is how sexual activity evolves over the duration of a couple's relationship. Another major issue is that of gender and sexuality, as conjugal sex life is an ideal observation point to examine how gender relations in everyday interaction mold the sexual conduct of men and women, and what is and is not changing in gender interaction. The place and specificity of sexuality in same-sex conjugal construction are also considered.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12666735 0 Historical Article
Journal Article
United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 12666735F Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques, Paris, France. booz@ined.fr eng ?) Braun, Virginia 2005H In Search of (Better) Sexual Pleasure: Female Genital 'Cosmetic' Surgery 407-424 Sexualities 8 4! cosmetic surgery, deisgner vagina October 1, 2005q Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) procedures are new, but increasing in popularity. In this article, I examine the role of female sexual pleasure in media (31 magazine items) and surgeon (15 interviews) accounts. FGCS was framed as enhancing female sexual pleasure, or specifically orgasm. I argue that the focus on female sexual pleasure functions to legitimate, and promote, FGCS. Further, it reaffirms normative heterosexuality, and promotes a generic model of bodies and sex. Moreover, in the context of consumer culture, media accounts have the possibility of creating problems, and their solutions, simultaneously.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/4/407 University of Auckland, NZ 10.1177/13634607050566255~?* Brickell, C. 20065 The sociological construction of gender and sexuality 87-113 Sociological Review 54 1e Social Construction; gender; historisim; symbolic interaction, ethnomothodology; materialist feminismH This essay considers how we might come to understand social constructionism sociologically. It examines a number of related approaches to gender and sexuality that speak to sociological concerns and might be termed social constructionist: historicism, symbolic interactionism, ethnomethodology and materialist feminism. By recognising that social constructionism is multifarious rather than unified, we find that each social constructionist approach offers particular strengths for analysing the complexities of gender and sexuality. Through closely analysing these approaches and some of the criticisms of them we can reassert sociology's specific contribution, and embrace social constructionist analyses which address the multilayered characteristics of the social in general and gender and sexuality in particular. [References: 149] 149 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2006 week 14
Reprint available from: Brickell C Univ Otago Dunedin New Zealand 0005 Sociol. Rev- 020UH-0005 020UH: Document Delivery available* University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ?+ 4 Bringer, Joy D.
Johnson, Lynne
Brjzckenridge, Celia 2006` Using Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software to Develop a Grounded Theory Project 245-266
Field Methods 18 3K methods; grounded theory; qualitative; QSR; NVivo; child protection; sport Augusts The promise of theory and model development makes grounded theory an attractive methodology to follow. However it has been argued that many researchers fall short and provide a detailed description of only the research area or simply a quantitative content analysis rather than an explanatory model. This article illustrates how the researchers used a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software program (CAQDAS) as a tool for moving beyond a thick description of swimming coaches’perceptions of sexual relationships in sport to an explanatory model grounded in the data. Grounded theory is an iterative process whereby the researchers move between data collection and analysis, writing memos, coding, and creating models. The nonlinear design of the selected CAQDAS program, NVIVO, facilitates such iterative approaches. Although the examples provided in this project focus on NVI VO, the concepts presented here could be applied to the use of other CAQDAS programs. Examples are provided of how the grounded theory techniques of open coding, writing memos, axial coding, and creating models were conducted within the program. 6 Sheffield Hallam University, Sports Council for Wales R~?,
Brooks, A. 2006 Gendering knowledge 211-214 Theory Culture & Society 23 2-3 gender; modernity; reflexivity The intersection of gender analysis and global knowledge by social, gender and feminist theorists has given rise to new epistemological frameworks. A number of conceptual and theoretical problems central to these new epistemologies are raised in the process. these include: relationships of intimacy in late modernity; reflexivity and gender identity; relationships between sex , gender, and embodiment; and masculinities and sexualities. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2006 week 37
Reprint available from: Brooks A SIM Univ, Psychol Program Singapore Singapore 0053 Y Theory Cult. Soc1 067YA-0053 067YA: Document Delivery not available$ SIM Univ, Psychol Program Singapore n~?- Brown, G.
Maycock, B. 2005T Different spaces, same faces: Perth gay men's experiences of sexuality, risk and HIV 59-72 Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 1 msm; sexual behavior psychology; Jan This study investigated the experiences and behaviours of 25 gay, bisexual and queer identifying men in the context of their perceptions of sexuality, risk and HIV; how sex and relationships are negotiated; and the influence of the environments and community on living and loving in a small gay community. Purposive sampling techniques were used to recruit participants in Perth, Western Australia. Symbolic interactionist theory provided the analytic framework. The study found that the men brought with them a range of meanings related to venues, contexts, identity and community. The men weighed up a number of simultaneous risks and benefits in their relationship with others, of which HIV was one of many variables. Assumptions about the culture and size of the Perth gay community permeated many of the assumptions men made about both venues and spaces, but also the characteristics of the men in those spaces.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16864188! 1369-1058 (Print)
Journal Article 16864188e Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, Perth, WA, Australia. g.brown@curtin.edu.au x ?. Browne, Jan
Russell, Sarah 2005 My home, your workplace: people with physical disability negotiate their sexual health without crossing professional boundaries 375 - 388 Disability & Society 20 4 Routledge
disability& This paper aims to describe research that examined the views of people with physical disability, living in Australia, of their sexual well-being needs from their own perspective. We explored the impact their sexual well-being needs had on their relationships with professional carers. A social model of disability was used to understand how sexual well-being is facilitated or denied in community care. We also explored whether clients’ sexual well-being needs could be met without carers or clients ‘crossing the line’. Our findings indicate the multiple ways that ‘professional boundaries’ were negotiated between clients and professional carers. The data show that the location of the ‘line’ changed, depending on a range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors. The data also show a gap between the sexual well-being needs of people living with a physical disability and the level of support provided at the social and organisational levels. Suggestions are made for research and practice directions.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09687590500086468 0968-7599 %[ October 04, 2007q?/ Browne, Kath 2005K Snowball sampling: using social networks to research non-heterosexual women 47 - 604 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 1 Routledge methods; Snowball Sampling; March 18, 2007 This paper explores snowball sampling, a recruitment method that employs research into participants' social networks to access specific populations. Beginning with the premise that research is formed the paper offers one account of snowball sampling and using social networks to make research. Snowball sampling is often used because the population under investigation is hidden either due to low numbers of potential participants or the sensitivity of the topic, for example, research with women who do not fit within the hegemonic heterosexual norm. This paper considers how the recruitment technique of snowball sampling, which uses interpersonal relations and connections between people, both includes and excludes individuals. Following this, the paper contends that due to the use of social networks and interpersonal relations, snowball sampling (in)forms how individuals act and interact in focus groups, couple interviews and interviews. Consequently, snowball sampling not only results in the recruitment of particular samples, use of this technique produces participants' accounts of their lives. Doctoral research with (rather than on or for) 28 non-heterosexual women is used to examine the inclusions and exclusions of snowball sampling and how interpersonal relations form research accounts.8 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/1364557032000081663
1364-5579 University of BrightonT ~?0 Bucholtz, M.
Hall, K. 2004? Theorizing identity in language and sexuality research [Review] 469-515 Language in Society 33 40 language; gender; community; queer; women; life; The field of language and sexuality has gained importance within socioculturally oriented linguistic scholarship. Much current work in this area emphasizes identity as one key aspect of sexuality. However, recent critiques of identity-based research advocate instead a desire-centered view of sexuality. Such an approach artificially restricts the scope of the field by overlooking the close relationship between identity and desire. This connection emerges clearly in queer linguistics, an approach to language and sexuality that incorporates insights from feminist, queer, and sociolinguistic theories to analyze sexuality as a broad sociocultural phenomenon. These intellectual approaches have shown that research on identity, sexual or otherwise, is most productive When the concept is understood as the outcome of intersubjectively negotiated practices and ideologies. To this end, an analytic framework for the semiotic study of social intersubjectivity is presented. [References: 131] 131= English Review
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Reprint available from: Bucholtz M Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Linguist 3607 South Hall Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Linguist Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA Univ Colorado, Dept Linguist Boulder, CO 80309 USA 0001 Lang. Soc- 851GS-0001 851GS: Document Delivery available3 University of California, Department of Linguistics[ҿ?1
Burman, Erica 2005h Contemporary Feminist Contributions to Debates around Gender and Sexuality: From Identity to Performance 17-30 Group Analysis 38 1. femininity; identity; performance; masculinity
March 1, 2005 This paper reviews current feminist debates around gender and sexuality in relation to their relevance for group-analytic theory and practice. The long and contested engagement between feminists and (varieties of forms of) psychoanalysis highlights major areas of convergence of theoretical and practical concern: in particular around the attention to and construction of both gender and sexuality, and the relations between these. Contemporary feminist debates have shifted emphasis to discuss gender and sexuality as plural, fluid and situated, rather than as fixed identities. This attention to the performative' character of gender and sexuality has opened up new horizons for feminist analysis, which have attracted considerable attention within psychoanalytic circles. Group analysis, as a socially situated theory and practice, shares key political and intellectual premises with these feminist analyses, and so has much both to gain and to offer from this engagement.3 http://gaq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/38/1/17 Group AnalysisH Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Psychology, Manchester u?2 ( Buston, Katie
Wight, Daniel
Hart, Graham 2002P Inside the sex education classroom: the importance of context in engaging pupils 317 - 335 Culture, Health and Sexuality 4 3 Routledge education; contexts While the content of school-based sex education has been recognized as vitally important, less attention has been paid to the classroom context in which it is delivered. This paper explores pupil accounts of the classroom context in which their sex education lessons take place, investigating, in particular, reasons for discomfort and factors that mediate this discomfort and facilitate pupil engagement. Sixty-six in-depth interviews and 16 group discussions were conducted with pupils from six co-educational schools in the east of Scotland. The majority of pupils talked about being uncomfortable in sex education lessons and nearly all mentioned that gender dynamics were problematic. Discomfort manifested itself in reluctance to ask questions and/or to participate actively in lessons, as well as in disruptive behaviour. From the analysis, four inter-related themes have been identified which work to reduce pupils' discomfort: 'the teacher as protector', 'the teacher as friend', 'trust between pupils' and 'sex education as fun'. Sex education is still a very sensitive subject for young people. Pupils should receive sex education in familiar class groupings and the teacher should , ideally, minimize disruption and eliminate hurtful humour while maintaining a light-hearted and approachable manner.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13691050110113332 1369-1058 %[ May 28, 2007 University of Glasgow
E?3 Calandruccio, Giuseppe 2005D A Review of Recent Research on Human Trafficking in the Middle East1 267-299 International Migration 43 1-2( pathlogy; human trafficking; middle east Migration in the Middle East is an issue that rarely receives coverage in the Western media. In the West, Middle East is typically associated with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the geopolitics of oil, or more recently with the Iraq war. Other problems that beset the region are often neglected or treated as part of a broader problem of political instability. One of these issues is migration. As this article intends to show, there is growing concern in the region about migration, especially illegal migration. The aim of this article is threefold. First it shall provide a survey of literature and research on irregular migration, especially the trafficking of human beings. Second, by providing a literature survey, the article intends to map out some distinct characteristics of human trafficking in the Middle East. Lastly, it shall identify gaps in the literature and make some suggestions for future research on human trafficking in the Middle East. The Middle East is used in this article mainly to refer to the Arab Mashreq, the Arabian Peninsula, and Israel. The Maghreb countries are not part of this review due to their Francophone distinctiveness, different social and migratory dynamics within the Mediterranean basin, and close relation with Europe. The historic, linguistic, and cultural ties between Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia from one side and France from the other, determined in the last decades a steady flow of economic migrants towards this European country. Moreover, northern African countries along the west Mediterranean coast have emerged in the last decade as important transit and departure points for the movement of irregular migrants to southern Europe. Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya are the countries from where thousands of irregular migrants start their dangerous sea crossing that will take them from the African continent to Italy, Malta, and Spain. If the migration dynamics of the Mashreq and the Arabian Peninsula are heavily geared towards Europe, the same cannot be said about the Mashreq and the Arabian Peninsula. Although there are undoubtedly cases of regular and irregular migration from Egypt to Europe, international migration predominantly follows an intra-regional pattern, with mainly Palestinian, Egyptian, Lebanese, and Jordanian workers looking at the labour markets of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This has implications for the structure of the article. Given the intra-regional nature of international migration, countries in the region are both countries of origin, of destination, and of transit for human traffickers. The phenomenon of human trafficking shall, therefore, be discussed not so much in terms of trafficking routes, although a section will be included. Rather the focus shall be on the types and practices of human trafficking, some of which may appear unique to the region. Also, it has to be noted that given the scarcity of research on human trafficking in the region, the article cannot, in its analysis, give equal weight to each country in the regionJ http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00320.x IOM Mission, Cairo$ doi:10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00320.x~?4 Caldwell, J. C. 2000$ Rethinking the African AIDS epidemic 117-+ Population & Development Review 26 1: HIV; circumcision; Africa; Nigeria; Sexual networking; . Half the AIDS victims in the world are in East and Southern Africa, where adult HIV seroprevalence was 11.4 percent by the end of 1997 and over 25 percent in two countries of Southern Africa, HIV/AIDS infection is not the result of ignorance, as nearly everyone has sufficient knowledge about AIDs and how it is transmitted. The high levels of AIDS arise from the failure of African political and religious leaders to recognize social and sexual reality, The means for containing and conquering the epidemic are already known, and could prove effective if the leadership could be induced to adopt them. The lack of individual behavioral change and of the implementation of effective government policy has roots in attitudes to death and a silence about the epidemic arising from beliefs about its nature and the timing of death. International responsibility may have to be taken before the needed effective policies are put in place. [References: 59] 59 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Caldwell JC Australian Natl Univ GPO Box 4 Canberra ACT Australia Australian Natl Univ Canberra ACT Australia 0005 Popul. Dev. Rev- 300ZE-0005 300ZE: Document Delivery available ҿ?5 Carabine, Jean 2001X Constituting Sexuality through Social Policy: The Case of Lone Motherhood 1834 and Today 291-314 Social Legal Studies 10 3! policy; post structructual theory September 1, 2001x Adopting a poststructural approach this article explores the intersection of sexuality and social policy, particularly the role of policies in constituting sexual norms and through these, deserving and undeserving gendered welfare subjects. It examines unmarried and lone motherhood discourses of two periods - the 1830s and the 1990s - and shows that not only do particular representations of lone motherhood persist across the centuries but also that welfare policies perform a normalizing and regulatory role in relation to sexuality. It illustrates also how policy makers dismiss the moral, economic and sexual rationalities of welfare subjects, preferring instead to impose their own set of moral values. In exploring the sexuality-social policy dynamic it demonstrates that not only is social policy 'shot through' with sexuality but also that the two are mutually constitutive. Further, the article demonstrates the shifting dynamics of the normalization process whereby that which was once abhorred is embraced, as well as the ways that sexuality is regulated through social policy without resorting to the power of law or legal method.4 http://sls.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/3/291 Social Legal Studies The Open University, UK ~?6 i Carballo-Dieguez, A.
Dowsett, G. W.
Ventuneac, A.
Remien, R. H.
Balan, I.
Dolezal, C.
Luciano, O.
Lin, P. 2006u Cybercartography of popular internet sites used by New York City men who have sex with men interested in bareback sex 475-89 AIDS Education and Prevention 18 6 HIV; msm; internet; Dec A systematic method was used to elicit the names of the six most popular free Internet sites used by gay men and other men who have sex with men in New York City, to meet partners for "bareback" sex. An analysis of the sites characteristics shows that men can use mainstream Internet sites, gay-specific sites, and sex-focused sites free of charge to search for bareback sex partners, selecting by location, physical attributes, sexual mode, HIV-serostatus, and other characteristics. Many individuals use these sites, producing the impression that bareback sex is not an oddity confined to just a few. The official language of the bareback sites associates bareback sex with masculinity and courage, prioritizing pleasure, freedom, choice, and intimacy over HIV-transmission prevention. The sites facilitate sexual experimentation and the expansion of bareback networks. Although some consider bareback sex to represent a failure of HIV prevention, this study suggests that harm reduction strategies may be viable within bareback networks.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17166075g 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 17166075 New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York 10032, USA. ac72@columbia.edu H ?7 Carmody, Moira 20056 Ethical Erotics: Reconceptualizing Anti-Rape Education 465-480 Sexualities 8 4 October 1, 2005] This article argues that many anti-violence prevention strategies have been shaped by unarticulated discourses of sexuality that focus primarily on women managing the risk and danger of unethical behaviour of men. Sexual intimacy has therefore been dominated by discourses of fear and danger and women's pleasure is once again invisible. An alternative conception of sexual ethics is presented based on Foucault's work on ethics, and sexuality. The findings from in-depth qualitative interviews with 26 Australian women and men of diverse sexualities indicate that women and men regardless of erotic choice of partner have found multiple ways to explore sexual pleasure that is ethical, non-violent and where danger is reduced. This suggests a need to develop alternative ways of shaping violence prevention strategies that acknowledge both pleasure and danger.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/4/465 10.1177/1363460705056621t ~?8 Carr, C. L. 2005< Tomboyism or lesbianism? Beyond sex/gender/sexual conflation 119-131 Sex Roles 53 1-2 gender-roles; role orientation. To illuminate questions of sex/gender/sexual conflation the researcher focused on the relationship between reported tomboyism and lesbianism. Narratives of childhood and adolescence were collected from 32 women who were grouped into four gender/sexual status combinations: "lesbian/bisexual butch," "straight butch," "lesbian/bisexual femme," and "straight femme." The effects of participants' sexual and gendered statuses on their retrospective accounts of two aspects of tomboyism-"choosing masculinity" and "rejecting femininity" were examined. Chi square and qualitative analyses suggest that stage in the life cycle, gender, and sexual status influence distinct mergings and separations of sex, gender, and sexuality in women's retrospective reports. The researcher concludes that attention to sex, gender, and sexuality as both distinct and connected clarifies the relationship between tomboyism and lesbianism. [References: 65] 65 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Carr CL 07079 USA Seton Hall Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol S Orange, NJ 07079 USA 0010 Sex Roles- 961CO-0010 961CO: Document Delivery available5 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol S Orange, NJ <79
Carter, J. 2005\ Introduction: Theory, methods, praxis: The history of sexuality and the question of evidence 1-9# Journal of the History of Sexuality 14 1-2 history; evidence Jan-Aprq The essays gathered in this special issue of the Journal of the History of Sexuality engage foundational issues of the origin and status of professional knowledge about the sexual past. Overwhelmingly, the contributors speak to and about the evidentiary nature of the information with which we work. It is true that scholars in general and historians in particular routinely reflect on their selection and arrangement of data, a kind of practical theorizing done even by those most suspicious of “theory” and its (implicitly hostile) relationship to empiricism. Nonetheless, it is not predictable that a call for papers on the theory, methods, and praxis of the history of sexuality would generate a wave of critical essays focused on what “evidence” is, what it can be said to prove, and how we ought to think about our work as we transform it into “history.” Across the geographic and topical range of their researches, the contributors to this issue all push us to ask what we have learned when we have found—or cannot find—the evidence we seek about the sexual past. Further, they insist that these questions have important political ramifications. Such concerns are clearly foregrounded in Anjali Arondekar’s discussion of her search for evidence about homosexuality in the Indian national archives. Arondekar demonstrates that when scholars seek to “recover” repressed or lost evidence about the Indian homosexual past they replicate the politically invested intellectual structure of the colonial archive, which sets up the claim that sexual perversion is everywhere and must be found and simultaneously insists that it is rarely documented and resists discovery. The discursive demand that “perverse” sexuality be identified, scrutinized, and normalized coincides, both conceptually and historically, with the imperial demand that the “native” be brought under the rule of civilization through precisely the same techniques of surveillance, examination, and discipline. Arondekar therefore emphasizes the importance of new approaches to research in this field, lest we find ourselves uncritically mirroring the methods of investigation and fields of argumentation of the colonial past. Her suggestion is that researchers should “shift archival attention from the ultimate discovery” of the lost homosexual past “to understanding the compacted role its evocation plays.” 14(1-2)
Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities.
Reprint available from: Carter J NYU 550 1St Ave New York, NY 10012 USA NYU New York, NY 10012 USA 1043-4070 J. Hist. Sex
004VH-0015: New York University, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10012, USA. English -ҿ?: k 0 Casey, Mark
McLaughlin, Janice
Richardson, Diane 20044 Locating Sexualities: Politics, Identities and Space 387-390 Sexualities 7 4 space; identity; November 1, 2004 Introduction to the Special Issue of Sexualities - papers from the 'Sexualities, Cultures, Identities: New Directions in Gay, Lesbian and Queer Studies' Conference http://sexualities.sagepub.com Sexualities% University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK ~?; Chen, H. T. 2002s Designing and conducting participatory outcome evaluation of community-based organizations' HIV prevention programs 18-26 AIDS Education and Prevention 14 3 Suppl A1 methods; design; program development & evaluation Jun. With the increasing emphasis on evaluating the effectiveness of community-based organizations' HIV prevention programs, the needs, concerns, and strategies related to having stakeholders participate in designing and conducting an outcome evaluation need to be discussed. Stakeholders' participation in outcome evaluation ensures its relevancy and fairness. Participatory outcome evaluation starts with assessing the feasibility of conducting an outcome evaluation and determining whether stakeholders have a need for an outcome evaluation. If an outcome evaluation is possible and needed, the areas in which stakeholders can make important contributions to the evaluation are negotiated with the stakeholders. The article also discusses strategies to improve stakeholders' use of the results of outcome evaluation.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=120929334 0899-9546 (Print)
Evaluation Studies
Journal Article 12092933 National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention--Intervention Research and Support, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. HBC2@cdc.govV~?< Chiu, M. C. 2004b 'Censorship = mission impossible?': a postcolonial same sex erotic discourse on Hong Kong porn law 39-63- International Journal of the Sociology of Law 32 17 regulation; culture; pornograpy; censorship; Hong Kong; Hong Kong mainstream anti-porn activists adopt the Anglo-American radical feminist perspective on pornography, and support the establishment of censorship mechanism. The ideology, which assumes an essential textual interpretation of pornographic materials, is, however, politicized and destablized by postmodern strategy of multiple reading which emphasizes the significance of the interaction between reader's subjectivities and 'discourses'. By embedding the 'anti-porn vs. anti-censor' debate within the particular socio-legal-historical context of Hong Kong, where (Han-)Chinese paradigm on sexuality is still influential, the author argues that legal definition of 'obscenity/pornography' was/is not an indigenous (Han-) Chinese cultural product and it is in this context where censorship marginalizes and pathologizes local traditions on sexuality and thus (re)engineer and reinstate legal postcolonialism. The author further uses (Han-)Chinese conventional opposite/same sex erotic literature as illustrations to elaborate why pornography cannot be viewed as a monolithic and universal concept, and in what ways resistances against heterosexist patriarchal hegemony can be developed within the discourse of 'pornography'. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 57] 57 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Chiu MC Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Law Darwin NT 0909 Australia Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Law Darwin NT 0909 Australia 0003 Int. J. Sociol. Law- 824WY-0003 824WY: Document Delivery available+ Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Law Darwin NT 0909 >~?= Chng, C. L.
Geliga-Vargas, J. 2000w Ethnic identity, gay identity, sexual sensation seeking and HIV risk taking among multiethnic men who have sex with men 326-39 AIDS Education and Prevention 12 4% HIV; msm; male; social identification Aug Data (N = 302) were collected from gay bars, bathhouses, community events and programs targeting gay men of color, and male participants of the National Minority AIDS Council Conference of AIDS in Dallas, 1998. More than half of the sample reported at least one incident of unprotected anal sex in the past month. Logistic regression analysis identified sexual sensation seeking (odds ratio [OR] = 4.22, p = .0001, confidence interval [CII = 2.39, 7.45); not having a defined gay identity (OR = 3.63, p = .0007, CI = 1.73, 7.65); being in a sexually exclusive relationship (OR = 2.94, p = .0016, CI = 1.51, 5.73); and, for those born overseas, length of stay in the United States (OR = .94, p = .0436, CI = .86, .98) as significant predictors of unprotected anal sex among the sample.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10982122! 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article 10982122 University of North Texas,Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, Denton 76201-1337, USA. chng@coefs.coe.unt.edu ~?> < Chng, C. L.
Wong, F. Y.
Park, R. J.
Edberg, M. C.
Lai, D. S. 2003 A model for understanding sexual health among Asian American/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States 21-38 AIDS Education and Prevention 15 1 Suppl A HIV; msm Feb~ The model to understand sexual health among Asian American/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men first locates the dynamic process in the home country, with its prevailing cultural norms including sexual mores, shame or stigma, sexual attitudes, sexual behavior, and drug use/abuse. Second, these cultural norms are modified by the migration/immigration experience. Third, these norms, beliefs, and practices are continually influenced by the process of acculturation as these men try to adjust to life in the United States. The effects of the first two domains may vary by the degree to which a particular immigrant community remains socially and culturally insulated from the mainstream community. Conceivably, the effect of home country and migration/immigration would be less significant for those who were either very young at the time of immigration or are born in the United States.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12630597F 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 12630597 University of North Texas, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, Denton 76203-1337, USA. chng@coefs.coe.unt.edu ?? Christoffersen-Deb, A 2001G Taming Tradition: Medicalised female genital practices in Western Kenya 402-418 Medical Anthropology Quarterly 19 4. circumcision; gender; female; Africa; Kenya; This article considers the question of female genital practices at the hands of heath workers in western Kenya. Recent articles on medical anthropology quarterly have critically engages with the biomedical arguments condemning such practices. This article studies the case of medicalized circumcision in which biomedical concerns over health risks have become incorporated in their vernacular practice. Although some suggest that medicalization may provide a harm-reduction strategy to the abandonment of the practice, research in one region challenges this suggestion. It argues that changing and conflicting ideologies of gender and sexuality have led young women to seek their own meaning through medicalized practice. Moreover, attributing this practice to financial motivations of health workers overlooks the way in which these 'moral agents' must be situated with in their social and cultural universe. together, these insights challenge the view that medicine can remain neutral in the mediation of tradition. University of Oxford?@ % Christopher, F. Scott
Sprecher, Susan 2000G Sexuality in Marriage, Dating, and Other Relationships: A Decade Review 999-1017 Journal of Marriage & Family 62 4
relationshipsI In this article, we review the major research advances made during the 1990s in the study of sexuality in marriage and other close relationships. More specifically, we provide a critical review of the empirical findings from the last decade on such sexual phenomena as sexual behavior, sexual satisfaction, and sexual attitudes within the context of marriage, dating, and other committed relationships. After highlighting the major theoretical and methodological advances of the 1990s, we focus on the research literatures of: (1) frequency and correlates of sexual activity in marriage; (2) sexual satisfaction, including its association with general relationship satisfaction; (3) sexuality in gay and lesbian committed relationships; (4) trends in sexual behavior and attitudes in dating relationships; and (5) the role of sexuality in dating relationships. We also incorporate brief reviews of the past decade's research on sexual assault and coercion in marriage and dating and on extramarital sex. We end our decade review with recommendations for the study of sexuality into the next decadeJ http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00999.x Arizona State University$ doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00999.x ?A Ciclitira, Karen 2004> Pornography, Women and Feminism: Between Pleasure and Politics 281-301 Sexualities 7 3 pornograpy, feminism August 1, 2004 This article draws on a qualitative research study which set out to explore women's experiences and views of pornography within the broader context of conflicting feminist positions on pornography. The research methodology posed an implicit criticism of the kind of findings' familiar from mainstream psychological research: semi-structured interviews were conducted with women from diverse backgrounds in the UK, and feminist theory and discourse analysis were used to inform interpretation of their accounts. Although the question of feminism was not explicitly raised by the interviewer, it emerged as a recurrent theme in interviews, with interviewees suggesting that the feminist anti-porn stance in particular has influenced their perspective on pornography. Their accounts show that women's experiences are variegated, individual and complex, and that discourses of pornography and feminism may be negotiated in unpredictable ways.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/3/281 Middlesex University, UK 10.1177/1363460704040143?B 8 Catherine L. Clark
Phillip R. Shaver
Matthew F. Abrahams 19997 Strategic Behaviors in Romantic Relationship Initiation 709 - 722+ Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 6 relationships; romance; Two studies were conducted to examine the strategies used to initiate romantic relationships. In Study 1, participants responded to questions about general romantic relationship initiation strategies derived from the literature. In Study 2, participants wrote narrative accounts of their romantic relationship initiation experiences, which were coded for relationship goals and initiation strategies. The effect of biological sex on the evaluation and use of relationship initiation strategies was assessed in both studies. Overall, the normative pattern of goals and strategies prominently included love and intimacy goals and direct and emotional-disclosure strategies. Men tended to be more active and direct in the beginning stages of relational development and to be more interested than women in the goal of sexual intimacy; women used passive and indirect strategies more often than men.
Results are discussed in terms of Buss and Schmitt’s sexual strategies theory and Reis and Shaver’s model of interpersonal intimacy.! Public Health Institute, Berkeley ?C , Donn Colby
Nghia Huu Cao
Serge Doussantousse 20046 Men Who Have Sex with Men and HIV In Vietnam: A Review 45-54 AIDS Education and Prevention 16 1+ Homosexuality; Vietnam; HIV/AIDS; Education
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam’s urban centers are increasing in numbers and visibility. Although limited to a few surveys, the available data on MSM in Vietnam show that they are at increased risk for HIV infection due to high numbers of sexual partners, high rates of unsafe sex, and inconsistent condom use. There are significant numbers of male sex workers in Vietnam and these men are also at high risk for HIV infection. The lack of data on HIV prevalence among MSM and the fact that the media and public health prevention programs ignore MSM as a population at risk leads many MSM to mistakenly believe that their risk for HIV is low. The low perception of risk, combined with inadequate knowledge, may make MSM less likely to actively protect themselves from HIV infection. More research is needed on current behavior and HIV prevalence among MSM and male sex workers in Vietnam. MSM in Vietnam’s larger cities could easily be targeted for prevention using peer educators to decrease their risk for HIV infection.N?D Conaghan,Joanne
Millns, Susan 20051 Special Issue: Gender, Sexuality and Human Rights 1-14 Feminist Legal Studies 13 1O rights; law; feminism; gender; Human Rights Act; rights; sexuality; transgenderP This brief article introduces a special issue of Feminist Legal Studies addressing gender, sexuality and human rights, and comprising papers drawn from an E.S.R.C.-funded workshop held at the University of Kent in June 2004 on the theme of “Gender-Auditing the Human Rights Act”. The article begins by situating the themes of the special issue within the broader context of feminist engagement with rights discourse. It goes on to consider the introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998 into the U.K. with a view to assessing its implications in terms of engendering a positive legal and political culture for equality-seeking initiatives. The article concludes with a survey of the contributions to the special issue, highlighting the possibilities for feminist theory and strategy posed by a wider intersectional engagement with rights issues. University of Kent, UK F?E Connell, Erin
Hunt, Alan 2006P Sexual Ideology and Sexual Physiology in the Discourses of Sex Advice Literature' The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 15 1 language; social construction This paper explores the connection between changing knowledge of sexual physiology and normative prescriptions about gendered roles within sexual relations. An analysis of marital/sexual advice literature reveals a profoundly gendered construction of male and female roles within heterosexual relations. Texts from the opening years of the twentieth century stressed the duty of the husband to court and woo his wife and fulfill two distinct responsibilities: first, to arouse his wife and second, to control his climax. This gendered model of male as initiator and tutor and female as responding student has proved remarkably persistent throughout the twentieth century. The period between the two World Wars was decisive for the formation of modern heterosexuality. Shifts in the prevailing sexual knowledge induced significant changes in the normative prescriptions which responsibilized husbands for ensuring the sexual pleasure of their wives. The “sexual revolution” of the 1960s weakened the link between sex and marriage as demonstrated, for example, in the shift from “marriage” manuals to “sex manuals” and the increasingly hedonistic quest for mutual sexual pleasure through an emphasis on technique and the relocation of sex into the realm of consumption. In addition, the new sexology of Kinsey and Masters and Johnson insisted on the existence of strong female sexual desire equal to that of men. However, the underlying discourse emphasized polar differences between the sexes. The HIV/AIDS crisis has continued to advance themes of responsibilization, normalization and moralization where the new pattern of sexual advice moved decisively toward themes of “risk” and “safety” through the discourse of safer sex 23= Carleton University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology ~?F $ R. W. Connell
James W. Messerschmidt 2005, Hegemonic Masculinity Rethinking the Concept 829-859 Gender & Society 19 6N masculinity; hegemony; gender; social power; agency; embodiment; globalization The concept of hegemonic masculinity has influenced gender studies across many academic fields but has also attracted serious criticism. The authors trace the origin of the concept in a convergence of ideas in the early 1980s and map the ways it was applied when research on men and masculinities expanded. Evaluating the principal criticisms, the authors defend the underlying concept of masculinity, which in most research use is neither reified nor essentialist. However, the criticism of trait models of gender and rigid typologies is sound. The treatment of the subject in research on hegemonic masculinity can be improved with the aid of recent psychological models, although limits to discursive flexibility must be recognized. The concept of hegemonic masculinity does not equate to a model of social reproduction; we need to recognize social struggles in which subordinated masculinities influence dominant forms. Finally, the authors review what has been confirmed from early formulations (the idea of multiple masculinities, the concept of hegemony, and the emphasis on change) and what needs to be discarded (one dimensional treatment of hierarchy and trait conceptions of gender). The authors suggest reformulation of the concept in four areas: a more complex model of gender hierarchy, emphasizing the agency of women; explicit recognition of the geography of masculinities, emphasizing the interplay among local,
regional, and global levels; a more specific treatment of embodiment in contexts of privilege and power; and a stronger emphasis on the dynamics of hegemonic masculinity, recognizing internal contradictions and the possibilities of movement toward gender democracy ?G Connell, R. W.
Wood, Julian 2005( Globalization and Business Masculinities 347-364 Men and Masculinities 7 4w masculinity; globalisation; hegemony; gender relations; technology; embodiment; career; power; homosexual relationships
April 1, 20051 The idea of "transnational business masculinity" is explored in life-history interviews with Australian managers. Their world is male-dominated but has a strong consciousness of change. An intense and stressful labor process creates multiple linkages among managers and subjects them to mutual scrutiny, a force for gender conservatism. In a context of affluence and anxiety, managers tend to treat their life as an enterprise and self-consciously manage bodies and emotions as well as finances. Economic globalization has heightened their insecurity and changed older patterns of business; different modes of participating in transnational business can be identified. Managerial masculinity is still centrally related to power, but changes from older bourgeois masculinity can also be detected: tolerance of diversity and heightened uncertainty about one's place in the world and gender order. Some support is found for the transnational business masculinity hypothesis, but a spectrum of gender patterns must be recognized in an increasingly complex business environment.4 http://jmm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/4/347 10.1177/1097184x03260969?H
Cowan, Sharon 2005u “Gender is No Substitute for Sex”: A Comparative Human Rights Analysis of the Legal Regulation of Sexual Identity 67-96 Feminist Legal Studies 13 1C gender; law; sex; transgender/transsexual; human rights; UK; Canada U.K. regulation of sexual identity within a marriage context has traditionally been linked to biological sex. In response to the European Court of Human Rights decisions in Goodwin and I.,2 and in order to address the question of whether a transsexual person can be treated as a “real” member of their adoptive sex, the U.K. has recently passed the Gender Recognition Act 2004. While the Act appears to signal a move away from biology and towards a conception of sexual identity based on gender rather than sex, questions of sexual identity remain rooted in medico-legal assessments of the individual transsexual body/mind. In contrast, because transsexual people in some parts of Canada have been able to marry in their post-operative sex since 1990, contemporary debates on the sexual identity of transsexual people in British Columbia and Ontario do not focus on the validity of marriage, and more frequently centre upon the provision of goods and services, in human rights contexts where sex is said to matter. Currently in Canada this is prompting questions of what it means to be a woman in society, how the law should interpret sex and gender, and how, if at all, the parameters of sexual identity should be established in law. This article seeks to compare recent U.K. legal conceptualisations of transsexuality with Canadian law in this area. As human rights discourse begins to grow in the U.K., the question remains as to whether or not gender will become an adequate substitute for sex. <7I [ Crawford, I.
Hammack, P. L.
McKirnan, D. J.
Ostrow, D.
Zamboni, B. D.
Robinson, B.
Hope, B. 2003t Sexual sensation seeking, reduced concern about HIV and sexual risk behaviour among gay men in primary relationships 513-24 AIDS Care 15 47 HIV; homosexuality; attitude to health; sexual behavior AugY Gay and bisexual men who indicated they were currently in a primary relationship with another man (N = 230) completed measures of HIV treatment attitudes, sexual risk behaviour and sexual sensation seeking. Results indicate non-primary partner sexual activity is common in many gay relationships and men in non-exclusive relationships possessed greater levels of sexual sensation seeking and treatment-related reduced concern about the dangerousness of HIV than men in exclusive relationships. Results also suggest that individuals who were members of HIV-seroconcordant relationships were more likely to engage in unprotected sexual activity with their primary sexual partners than gay men who were members of HIV-discordant couples. A series of regression analyses revealed that reduced concern about HIV mediated the relationship between sexual sensation seeking and sexual risk behaviour. The next generation of HIV prevention interventions must address the attitudinal shifts that have occurred among some gay men regarding the seriousness of HIV and should be sensitive to the dynamics of gay relationships.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14509866 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 14509866 Loyola University, Chicago, Department of Psychology, Lake Shore Campus, 6525 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626-5385, USA. icrawfo@luc.edu eng ~?J
Curran, M. E. 2005? Geographic theorizations of sexuality: A review of recent works 380-398 Feminist Studies 31 2
space; review Curran reviews a selection of books that all consider the role played by location in the construction of sexual identities: Closet Space: Geographies of Metaphor from the Body to the Globe by Michael P. Brown; Hostels, Sexuality, and the Apartheid Legacy: Malevolent Geographies by Glen S. Elder; Bisexual Spaces: A Geography of Sexuality and Gender by Clare Hemmings; and De-Centering Sexualities: Politics and Representations beyond the Metropolis edited by Richard Phillips, Diane Watt, and David Shuttleton. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 40
Reprint available from: Curran ME Eastern Connecticut State Univ Willimantic, CT 06226 USA Eastern Connecticut State Univ Willimantic, CT 06226 USA 0006 Fem. Stud- 960ZV-0006 960ZV: Document Delivery available? Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA F?K Damon, Will 2000f The Relations of Power and Intimacy Motives to Genitoerotic Role Preferences in Gay Men: A Pilot Study' The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 9 1
relationships The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between power and intimacy motives and genitoerotic role preferences in gay men. Twenty European-American gay men, ten with a preference for insertive anal sex (MIPs) and ten with a preference for receptive anal sex (MRPs), participated in the study. There were no significant differences between MIPs and MRPs in general power or intimacy motivation; however, there were significant differences in terms of directional power motivation in the sexual context. MIPs were more likely to desire exerting power over their partners during sex whereas MRPs were more likely to desire being overpowered during sex. Role preferences in anal sex generalized to oral sex with nonprimary partners. MIPs were significantly more likely to engage in insertive oral sex , and MRPs were significantly more likely to engage in receptive oral sex. In addition, MIPs and MRPs preferred sexual behaviours and sexual partners that amplified the power differential. For example, MIPS were significantly more likely to enjoy having their partners worship their bodies during sex and to prefer sexual partners who were younger, shorter, and smaller than they were. Implications for HIV prevention efforts are discussed. 15; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology~?L Davidson, J. K. 2002V Sexuality, sociologists, and the "great research divide": A land of lost opportunities 3-14 Sociological Spectrum 22 1' theory; axiomatic theory construction; r Exploring the reasons why sociologists today continue to wander in the land of lost research opportunities in the area of sexuality, three rationales are suggested. First, applied research, in general, continues to be viewed with a jaundiced eye by many sociologists. Second, some sociologists fail to appreciate the contribution that applied sexuality research can make in ameliorating sexual concerns and increasing personal sexual awareness. Third, many sociologists remain disdainful of the empirical investigation of human sexuality, leaving the task largely to those in psychology and family studies. [References: 19] 19 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Davidson JK Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol Pk & Garfield St Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA 0001 Sociol. Spectr- 507FD-0001 507FD: Document Delivery available' University of Wisconsin, Dept Sociology| ~?M
Davies, M. 2004\ Correlates of negative attitudes toward gay men: sexism, male role norms, and male sexuality 259-66 Journal of Sex Research 41 3 msm; attitude; hostility, Aug Research has shown that heterosexual men are more negative toward gay men than women are on measures of attitudes toward homosexual behaviour and homosexual persons (Kite & Whitley, 1996). Gender differences in attitudes toward gay men's civil rights are less clear. No empirical studies, however, have investigated these findings with a scale that measures specifically these three attitudinal subcomponents. This study was a preliminary test of a scale that measured these subcomponents. In addition, this study investigated the relationship between these subcomponents and other attitudinal measures: hostile sexism, male toughness, and attitudes toward male sexuality. Results revealed that attitudes toward homosexual behaviour and homosexual persons comprised one factor: affective reactions toward gay men. Results showed that men were more negative on affective reactions than women were. No gender differences were revealed on attitudes toward civil rights. I found significant correlations between affective reactions, hostile sexism, male toughness, and male sexuality. I discuss these findings in relation to traditional gender role beliefs and make suggestions for future research.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15497054! 0022-4499 (Print)
Journal Article 15497054i University of Central Lancashire, Department of Psychology, Preston, Lancashire, UK. mdavies3@uclan.ac.uk~~?N Davis, E. C.
Friel, L. V. 2001V Adolescent sexuality: Disentangling the effects of family structure and family context 669-681 Journal of Marriage & the Family 63 3
relationships Growing up in single-parent, step-, cohabiting, or lesbian families has been suggested to have negative effects on adolescent sexual behavior. However, our analysis reveals that, with the exception of girls in single-pa rent families, family structure does not significantly influence adolescents' sexual initiation. Rather, the family context-more specifically the mother-child relationship, their level of interaction, and the mother's attitudes toward and discussion of sex-is associated with adolescent sexual debut. When looking at sexually active teenagers, neither family structure nor family context have an impact on the sexual partnerships of boys, and they explain little in terms of girl's sexual partnering. [References: 29] 29: English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Davis EC Antioch Coll, Dept Self Soc & Culture 795 Livermore St Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA Antioch Coll, Dept Self Soc & Culture Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA Univ Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA 0006 J. Marriage Fam- 462CU-0006 462CU: Document Delivery availableZ Antioch College, Dept Self Society & Culture 795 Livermore St Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA H ~?O Davis, N. J. 2005< Taking sex seriously: Challenges in teaching about sexuality 16-31 Teaching Sociology 33 1 education; challenges& Teaching a course that is about sexuality but also about larger cultural themes, social processes, and political struggles poses many challenges. These include: 1) choosing readings from a sexuality literature that is everexpanding, 2) negotiating student expectations that the course will focus on the sexual behavior of individuals when much of it is on sexual ideologies and sexual regimes; 3) allowing multiple voices to be heard in class, not just those of sexual libertines, sexual extraverts, and those with nonstigmatized sexual identities, 4) creating a safe classroom climate that allows personal disclosures about sexuality, 5) navigating the emotional intensity of discussing sexual violence and other issues cloaked in normativity, anxiety, and pain; 6) balancing student interest in the local with attention to the historical, comparative, and global, and 7) underscoring the potential for change in sexual scripts, sexual violence, and sexual regimes. This article explores these challenges and some strategies to address them. [References: 57] 57 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 17
Reprint available from: Davis NJ Depauw Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol Greencastle, IN 46135 USA Depauw Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol Greencastle, IN 46135 USA 0003 Teach. Sociol- 909NM-0003 909NM: Document Delivery availableK Depauw University, Dept Sociology & Anthropology Greencastle, IN 46135 USA >?P 3 Degnan Kambou, S.
Magar, V.
Hora, G.
Mukherjee, A. 2007 Power, pleasure, pain, and shame: Assimilating gender and sexuality into community-centred reproductive health and HIV prevention programmes in India 155 - 168 Global Public Health 2 2 Routledge? rights; millinium development goals; india; reproductive healthK Inspired by the vision of the Millennium Declaration, CARE and ICRW (International Centre for Research on Women) partnered with the Inner Spaces, Outer Faces Initiative (ISOFI) to learn how to more effectively integrate gender and sexuality into CARE's sexual and reproductive health programmes. Drawing from lessons learned from gender mainstreaming, ISOFI focuses initially on fostering personal change among staff, helping them to explore their own gender and sexuality baggage and supporting transformation of their inner space. ISOFI then gradually integrates mechanisms to promote organizational change, and finally extends to community development practice, the outer face. As a system promoting change in organizational culture and practice, ISOFI features structured iterative loops of reflection and learning, action and experimentation, and analysis and assimilation. This article describes the ISOFI Innovation System, and reports on ISOFI-generated learning and innovation in sex positive HIV prevention programming for truckers and reproductive health interventions for women in India.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/17441690601066375 1744-1692 %[ May 25, 2007? International Centre for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USA ~?Q
Delano, P. D. 2000? Making up for war: sexuality and citizenship in wartime culture 33-68 Feminist Studies 26 1 gender identityU Delano explores makeup in American cultural practices during WWII. Delano argues that against the backdrop of international struggle, it was important for the US war effort that American women embody the ideal of feminine beauty as one social measure of national supremacy over Nazi Germany, which had banned its women from wearing lipstick.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=168562994 0046-3663 (Print)
Historical Article
Journal Article 16856299*?R di Mauro, Diane 2006 Introduction to Special Issue New Trends in Sexuality Research: Contributions From Fellows in the Sexuality Research Fellowship Program 1-6" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 3 3 review; social policy; funding Introduction In the mid-1990s I was commissioned by a group of private foundations to conduct a need assessment of the sexuality research feild in the soical sciences. Concerned about the growing controversy and lack of funding for such research on the part of the federal government, the foundations were interested to know the current state of sexuality research in the United States, and more specifically the areas of needed research and the obstacles and challenges to achieving a more consistent and sufficient support for work in this area. ֿ?S di Mauro, Diane
Joffe, Carole 2007u The Religious Right and the Reshaping of Sexual Policy: An Examination of Reproductive Rights and Sexuality Education 67-92" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 4 1Y policy; religion; sexual conservatism; moral panic; policy debates; controversy; abortion This article chronicles the impact on sexuality policy in the United States of the rise of the Religious Right as a significant force in American politics. Using a case study analysis of abortion/reproductive rights and sexuality education, it narrates the story of how U.S. policy debates and practices have changed since the 1970s as sexual conservatism rose in prominence and sexual progressives declined in power. The Religious Right’s appeal to traditional moral values and its ability to create moral panics about sexuality are addressed, specifically with regard to abortion and sexuality education. Ultimately, political meddling and moral proscriptions, disregard for scientific evidence, and the absence of a coherent approach regarding sexual and reproductive health rights have undermined sexuality policy in the United States. The article ends on a cautious note of optimism, suggesting that the Religious Right may have overreached in its attempt to control sexuality policy. http://www.ucpressjournals.com/$ Journal of NSRC http://nsrc.sfsu.eduB Colombia University, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, New York ~?T Dowsett, G. W. 2003B Some considerations on sexuality and gender in the context of AIDS 21-29 Reproductive Health Matters 11 22 HIV/AIDS; Gender; desire Gender has become a major conceptual tool for understanding the evolving HIV pandemic globally. As such, it has provided a powerful way to see the structure of relations between men and women as central to various epidemics, and added weight to our understanding of HIV infection as not simply on individual experience of disease. Yet, as a concept, gender has its blind spots. This paper argues that there are four issues central to our understanding of how the HIV pandemic moves and develops that are not necessarily best understood through an analysis that uses gender alone, namely: women's vulnerability, men's culpability, young people's sexual interests and marginalised sexual cultures. The paper proposes using sexuality as a framework for analysing these issues and seeks to utilise developments in critical sexuality research to add to gender as a way to increase the capacity to respond to the HIV/AIDS crisis. (C) 2003 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved. [References: 34] 34 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Dowsett GW Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Sociomed Sci New York, NY 10027 USA 0003 Reprod. Health Matters- 750WC-0003 750WC: Document Delivery availableG Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Sociomed Sci New York, NY 10027 USA ~?U Dowsett, G. W. 2003X HIV/AIDS and homophobia: subtle hatreds, severe consequences and the question of origins 121-136 Culture, Health & Sexuality 5 2) HIV; gay men; cultural comparison; Freud. This paper argues that the relationship between homophobia and HIV/AIDS is not as direct as is often assumed. This argument is pursued through an examination of the situation of gay men in Australia, a country where the HIV epidemic is largely confined to gay men, and Bangladesh, a country and culture where sex between men does not conform to categories of human sexuality privileged in Western theory. Both of these countries reveal something different about cultures of sex between men, which provides a counterpoint to the often compelling and usually pervasive accounts of HIV-related discrimination that are derived particularly from North America. The paper concludes with a plea that as efforts are geared up to fight the HIV pandemic in Asia and the Pacific, researchers, planners and practitioners become more critical of the conceptual tools they rely on in thinking about HIV/AIDS and human sexual activity, so that it is possible to mobilize (and do less damage to) local cultures of sexuality. [References: 37] 37 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Dowsett GW Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth 722 W 168th St New York, NY 10032 USA Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth New York, NY 10032 USA 0003 Cult. Health Sex- 671TA-0003 671TA: Document Delivery available~?V Drummond, L. 20069 Gender in post-Doi Moi Vietnam: Women, desire, and change 247-250 Gender, Place & Culture 13 3 space; Vietnam; women On the eve of doi moi's twentieth anniversary, this group of papers examines the impact of 'economic renovation' on the lives of Vietnam's women. Economically, the transformation is unarguable. Socially, the impacts have been as deep, but more uneven and possibly less predictable. These four papers examine different aspects of contemporary Vietnamese women's experience through the lens of desire: mothers confronting the age-old desire for sons under the government's small family policy, young women's desire to explore sexuality in the strict moral environment of the countryside, piece-workers' desire for better conditions and better lives but unable to mobilize their proletarian class position in a socialist regime, and the desire of authors to evoke women's war-time roles to create a shared national remembrance of suffering, sacrifice, and loss. In their diverse ways, these papers offer unusual insights and rare glimpses into the lives of women in post-doi moi Vietnam. English Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Drummond L York Univ, Div Social Sci N York ON M3J 1P3 Canada York Univ, Div Social Sci N York ON M3J 1P3 Canada 0013 Gend. Place Cult- 061EG-0013 061EG: Document Delivery available4 York University, Div Social Sc,i New York ON M3J 1P3 ?W Dunne, Gillian A. 2000o Opting into Motherhood: Lesbians Blurring the Boundaries and Transforming the Meaning of Parenthood and Kinship 11-35 Gender & Society 14 1 Sage Publications, Inc. relationships; lesbians; parents9 This article focuses on the experiences of becoming and being mothers for lesbian co-parents who have children via donor insemination. Rather than the presence of children incorporating lesbians into the mainstream as "honorary heterosexuals," the author argues that lesbian parenting represents a radical and radicalizing challenge to heterosexual norms that govern parenting roles and identities. It undermines traditional notions of the family and the heterosexual monopoly of reproduction. The same-sex context together with successful collaboration with donors supports the refashioning of kinship relationships. An attentiveness to the gender dynamics of sexuality illuminates further contestations. The author argues that their structural similarities as women place them in contradiction with dominant gender practices enacted in heterosexual relationships. This facilitates the evaluation and negotiation of more egalitarian approaches to work and parenting, and through their operationalization, much of the logic supporting conventional divisions of labor is undermined.Z http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0891-2432%28200002%2914%3A1%3C11%3AOIMLBT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C 0891-2432
Article type: Full Length Article / Issue Title: Special Issue: Emergent and Reconfigured Forms of Family Life / Full publication date: Feb., 2000 (200002). / Copyright 2000 Sage Publications, Inc. London School of Economics+~?X East, P.
Adams, J. 20023 Sexual assertiveness and adolescents' sexual rights 212-3 Perspect Sex Reprod Health 34 4 adolescent; rights; Jul-Augz Consider this: By at least some estimates, one in three teenage women will be in a controlling, abusive relationship before she graduates from high school; two-thirds of college freshman women report having been date-raped or having experienced an attempted date rape at least once; and one-fifth to one-half of U.S. women were sexually abused as children at least once, most of them by an adult male relative.Sexual violence against women is woven insidiously into the fabric of our society. Every day, millions of Americans see images of violence against women on TV, in movies and in advertising. Long-term exposure to sexually degrading depictions of women can escalate aggression against women and blur the line between behavior that is appropriate and behavior that is not. And it is not just women who are being victimized. In early 2002, revelations by 40 men that they were sexually abused by Roman Catholic priests as children or teenagers created a crisis within the church. And studies document that up to 25% of men report having had some kind of unwanted or uninvited sexual activity by 13 years of age. One common theme across all sexual abuse cases is that the perpetrator uses his or her dominant position within the relationship to coerce another sexually. Almost all sexual abuse involves the abuser's taking advantage of another's psychological, emotional or physical vulnerability.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12214912) 1538-6341 (Print)
Comment
Journal Article 12214912a University of California, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego Medical Center, USA. peast@ucsd.edu ~?Y Enke, A. 2003c Smuggling sex through the gates: Race, sexuality, and the politics of space in Second Wave feminism 635-667 American Quarterly 55 4 feminism; space; history; ) The "Second Wave" of feminism was a mass movement forged through acts that reconfigured the relationship among women, sexuality, and public space. But the sites of women's activism also engendered race and class hierarchies, despite diverse membership and anti-racist commitments. This article uses a case study -- the formation of A Woman's Coffee House in Minneapolis, Minnesota -- to show how activists shaped and gave meanings to race, class, gender, and sexuality in and through the conflicting stakes that they had in the places of their activism. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities.
Reprint available from: Enke A Univ Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 USA Univ Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 USA 0004 Am. Q- 756TB-0004 756TB: Document Delivery available[~?Z Epstein, S. 2003K An incitement to discourse: Sociology and The History of Sexuality [Review] 485-502 Sociological Forum 18 3 foucault In 2001, the Christian Century, a weekly based in Chicago, invited members of its editorial board to nominate "problematic" books for discussion in its spring books issue-"books whose influence has, perhaps inadvertently, been harmful in some way" (Steinfels, 2001:AlO). curiously, the editors could only come up with four, of which one, Michel Foucault's The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction (HSI), was the choice of Ellen Charry, a professor at Princeton Theological Seminary. Charry wrote.
'The effect of this book is to endorse the notion that the regulation of sexuality is the work of power elites who are seeking to garner and protect their position of dominance.. . . Though the part about the power elites provides the requisite Marxist tag, most of the book takes the libertarian-libertine-anarchist line that to disapprove of any sexual pleasure (including necrophilia, pederasty, sadism, incest, rape, bestiality) is to disrupt the "harmless games" and "casual pleasures" of simple people.' (Steinfels, 2001:AlO)[ http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0884-8971%28200309%2918%3A3%3C485%3AAITDSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Epstein S 9500 Gilman Dr,Dept 0533 La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Sociol La Jolla, CA 92093 USA 0008 Sociol. Forum- 721DD-0008 721DD: Document Delivery available6 University of California, Dept Sociolology, San Diego ?[ Epstein, Steven 2006W The New Attack on Sexuality Research: Morality and the Politics of Knowledge Production 1-12" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 3 1; regulation; sexuality research; public funding; moral panicJ This article describes and analyzes recent attempts to construct moral panic about publicly funded sexuality research in the United States, including pressure to eliminate funding for research on sexual topics with public health relevance. At the same time, the article relates the events to other recent cases in which conservative politicians, policy makers, and advocacy groups have sought to shape the production and dissemination of knowledge about sexuality. I argue that these controversies should be approached simultaneously as moral struggles around sexual norms and as credibility struggles around knowledge production. I examine the difficulties involved in articulating strong defenses of sexual knowledge production in response to such attacks, and I emphasize the limits inherent in the strategy of rallying around the autonomy of science and protesting the intrusion of politics into science. These problems point to important strategic dilemmas for activism and policy work related to sexuality and demand a rethinking of the grounds for public participation in scientific debate.
< http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/srsp.2006.3.1.01 ; University of California, Department of Sociology,San Diego doi:10.1525/srsp.2006.3.1.01?\ Eribon, Didier 2001( Michel Foucault's Histories of Sexuality 31-86' GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian & Gay Studies 7 1% theory, social construction; foucault Didier Eribon is one of the preeminent intellectual historians in France. Best known around the world for his landmark biography Michel Foucault (1989; English, 1991), which has been translated into seventeen languages, he has also published books of conversations with Georges Dumézil, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Ernst Gombrich. He followed up his biography of Foucault with a more specialized study, Michel Foucault et ses contemporains (1994).
k http://0-muse.jhu.edu.alpha2.latrobe.edu.au/journals/journal_of_lesbian_and_gay_studies/v007/7.1eribon.htmlE?] Eves, Alison 20046 Queer Theory, Butch/Femme Identities and Lesbian Space 480-496 Sexualities 7 4 queer theory November 1, 20042 Queer theory has been criticized for its textual focus and lack of attention to the structural and to everyday social practices. This article is part of a wider attempt to draw on the different strengths and insights of queer theory and qualitative social sciences. I identify areas of intersection between them which suggest potential ways of developing a queer sociology. The article considers the negotiation of gender and sexual identity categories at the level of individual butch and femme identity narratives. The concept of interpretative repertoires is used to theorize the ways in which lesbians are both positioned by and actively negotiate particular discourses. I am interested in the spatial aspects of the negotiation and contestation of identities and the article examines the ways in which particular interpretative repertoires produce butch and femme metaphorical and material spaces. The article draws on a concept of space as fluid, contested in meaning and created through social interactions. The achievement of lesbian visibility is examined as a strategic intervention in the establishment of subcultural space in which lesbian genders may be performed and read in specifically lesbian ways. Butch and femme aesthetics are examined as tactics in resisting heterosexual space and demanding lesbian presence.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/4/480 University of Leeds, UK 10.1177/1363460704047064<7^ s Fernandez, M. I.
Varga, L. M.
Perrino, T.
Collazo, J. B.
Subiaul, F.
Rehbein, A.
Torres, H.
Castro, M.
Bowen, G. S. 2004m The Internet as recruitment tool for HIV studies: viable strategy for reaching at-risk Hispanic MSM in Miami? 953-63 AIDS Care 16 8 methods; internet Nov Although use of the Internet as a vehicle for HIV/STI research is increasing, its viability to recruit at-risk populations such as Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) to participate in community-based HIV studies is in its infancy. We report on the first 171 participants enrolled in an ongoing study exploring use of the Internet to recruit Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) living in Miami-Dade County, Florida to participate in community-based studies. We report our initial success with chat-room recruitment and describe the sexual and drug use practices of the initial set of participants who were recruited through the Internet. In addition, we describe the formative work conducted to develop the Internet recruitment procedures we are testing. In two months, we spent 211 hours recruiting in chat-rooms and engaged 735 chatters. One hundred and seventy-six men came to our community sites; 172 (98%) were eligible and completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview. In the previous six months, 94.7% of participants had anal sex; 48.9% did not use condoms for anal sex or used them inconsistently; and 48.5% had used club drugs. Six-month use rates for individual drugs were: poppers (31.6%), cocaine (15.8%), ecstasy (14%) and crystal methamphetamines (11.7%). Use of club drugs was significantly associated with unprotected insertive and unprotected receptive anal sex. These initial findings point to the Internet's potential as a tool for recruiting at-risk Hispanic MSM for community studies.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15511727 U R0-1 da-16026-01/da/nida
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 15511727z University of Miami, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miami, FL 33101, USA. isa@miami.edu eng ~?_
Fetner, T. 2005v Ex-gay rhetoric and the politics of sexuality: the Christian antigay/pro-family movement's "truth in love" ad campaign 71-95 Journal of Homosexuality 50 1# politics; social movements; culture In 1998, a coalition of antigay, pro-family activist organizations published a set of full-page print advertisements in several nationally recognized newspapers. These ads promoted sexual (ex-gay) conversion therapy for homosexuals. I examine these advertisements as a contest over cultural symbols and values, and over the very definition of lesbian and gay identity. This discursive contest had the potential to impact activist politics greatly, but this impact was mitigated significantly by a similar set of ads produced in response by an opposing movement: the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender movement. The interactive dynamics between opposing movements impact the political field in which activists on each side pursue their goals.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16368665! 0091-8369 (Print)
Journal Article 16368665B McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. tfetner@cornellcollege.edu R~?` Fisher, W. A.
Barak, A. 2001N Internet pornography: A social psychological perspective on Internet sexuality 312-323 Journal of Sex Research 38 4% internet technology; erotica; women; Spectacular growth in availability of sexually explicit material on the Internet challenges sexual science to study antecedents and consequences of experience with such content. The current analysis attempts to provide a conceptual and empirical context for emerging work in this area. Our discussion begins with a summary of some of what has been learned from existing research concerning sexually explicit materials in contexts other than the Internet, and considers lessons from this work that may inform emerging research concerning Internet sexuality. A social psychological theory, the Sexual Behavior Sequence (Byrne, 1977), is then applied in an initial effort to conceptualize a number of antecedents and consequences of experience with Internet sexuality. Discussion closes with consideration of an agenda for future research concerning antecedents and consequences of experience with Internet sexually explicit materials. [References: 76] 766 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Fisher WA Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Social Sci Ctr 6430 London ON N6A 5C2 Canada Univ Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Social Sci Ctr 6430 London ON N6A 5C2 Canada Univ Haifa IL-31999 Haifa Israel 0005 J. Sex Res- 538HG-0005 538HG: Document Delivery availableY University of Western Ontario, Dept Psychol, Social Sci Ctr 6430 London ON N6A 5C2 Canada ( ?a Fishman, JR
Mamo, L 2001x Whats in a disorder: Cultural analysis of medical and pharmaceutical constructions of male and female sexual dysfunction 179-193 Women and Therapy 24 1-27 culture; sexual dysfunction; discourse; pharmaceuticals This paper analyzes the emergence of two FDA-approved products to treat "sexual disorders": Viagra, a drug prescribed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, and Eros, a device prescribed for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. Through the analysis of advertising and promotional materials for Viagra and the Eros, we argue that these pharmaceutical devices and the discourses they circulate reinforce normative gender ideals by enacting dominant cultural narratives of masculinity, femininity, and male and female sexuality. these cultural narratives of normative gender structure sexuality in such a way that reinforces certain kinds of masculinity, femininity and (hetero)sexuality, thereby rendering "atypical" gender and sexual expressions, desires and appearances invisible and marginal. We argue that these construction reify cultural ideologies about what counts as legitimate and appropriate sexuality and that these constructions have profound implication for social actors, sexologists and therapists University of California, USA~?b FitzGerald, W. A. 2000) Explaining the variety of human sexuality 435-9 Med Hypotheses 55 5' orientation; child abuse; sexual female Nov In this paper, the author formulates a theory to explain why human sexual orientation seems to run amok. The 'psychic instrument', as he terms it, is the baby's dreaming mind which interprets or misinterprets input from its sociocultural sexual environment. The baby, already born an omnisexual being, then develops a fantasy life with socially sanctioned or unsanctioned fetishes which are likely to be expressed when certain triggering situations arise.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11058424! 0306-9877 (Print)
Journal Article 11058424~?c Flores, S. A.
Crepaz, N. 2004n Quality of study methods in individual- and group-level HIV intervention research: critical reporting elements 341-52 AIDS Education and Prevention 16 4 methods; evaluation Aug To facilitate research synthesis and the identification of effective interventions, we reviewed and summarized critical reporting elements related to quality of study methods (QSM) specifically for individual- and group-level HIV intervention research. In developing these elements, we considered three sources of information: threats to validity, criteria and recommendations from review projects, and criteria and recommendations from published reviews relevant to HIV intervention research. Suggested QSM elements include, thoroughly describing intervention activities, using comparable outcome measures at preintervention and postintervention assessments, reporting data in detail for each study group, reporting participant refusal rates, including a comparison group, demonstrating study group comparability, clearly describing assignment to study groups, using appropriate statistical controls, collecting follow-up data from at least a 3-month postintervention period, reporting attrition in detail, and describing in detail whether the study sample size is adequate for detecting the expected effect size. Reporting on these QSM elements will assist in identifying effective behavioral interventions.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15342336( 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 15342336 Behavioral Intervention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. sflores@cdc.gov Y?d Frankis, J.
Flowers, P. 2005q Men who have sex with men (MSM) in public sex environments (PSEs): A systematic review of quantitative literature 273 - 288 AIDS Care 17 3 Routledge
msm; space" We systematically review quantitative research relating to the sexual behaviours of MSM in PSEs. We examine the methodological rigour of these studies to determine an appropriate framework for future PSE-based research and quantify sexual behavioural trends therein. Medline, BIDS, Web of Science and recent HIV/AIDS conferences were searched according to a systematic inclusion criteria. Nine papers were included for review. Recruitment of participants’ outwith PSE settings, and low response rates (6%) of participants contacted in situ, question the validity and generalizability of current evidence. Most PSE users were gay or bisexually identified and half of men in the gay community reported recent PSE use. Around 10% of men reported casual status-unknown/serodiscordant unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) within PSEs. HIV testing rates amongst PSE users were similar to the wider gay community, though the proportion of men who tested positive was twice as high. Rates of casual UAI suggest that PSEs represent important sites for HIV prevention. However, since extant evidence is scant and methodologically flawed, further research is urgent. Such work must recruit participants in situ, and obtain satisfactory response rates, to be generalizable to the wider population of men who cruise.9 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09540120412331299799 0954-0121 %[ March 19, 2007<7e Frankis, J. S.
Flowers, P. 2006| Cruising for sex: sexual risk behaviours and HIV testing of men who cruise, inside and outwith public sex environments (PSE) 54-9 AIDS Care 18 1 msm; sexual risk behavior; men Jan This paper describes sexual risk behaviours and HIV testing amongst men who cruise an urban public sex environment (PSE) in southern England. Data were collated using a cross-sectional survey (response rate = 56%; n=216), sampling men from directly within the PSE. As such, this represents the first peer-review study generalizable to the wider population of urban PSE users. The current sample reflect a highly sexually active population, almost one-third (31%) reported over 50 sex partners in the last year. However, just one-quarter (26%) reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with at least one partner outside of a 'safer sexual strategy'. Almost 1 in 12 (7%) reported UAI within the PSE. Over two-thirds (71%) had had a named HIV test of whom 16% had tested HIV positive. Just one-third (34%) of negative/untested PSE users had tested within the previous two years. Positive men were significantly more likely to report unsafe sex within the PSE in the last year. PSE users report lower levels of UAI than men in the local gay community but higher HIV prevalence. PSE-based UAI remains an HIV (re)infection risk. In concert, these findings suggest the importance of in situ targeted health promotion to prevent PSE-based risks.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16282077 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 16282077d Glasgow Caledonian University, School of Health and Social Care, Department of Psychology, Scotland. eng Oֿ?f Fraser,Nancy 2003U From Discipline to Flexibilization? Rereading Foucault in the Shadow of Globalization 160-171 Constellations 10 2 theory4 Michel Foucault was one of the great theorists of the fordist mode of social regulation. Writing at the zenith of the postwar keynesian welfare state, he taught us to see the dark underside of even its most vaunted achievements. Viewed through his eyes, social services became disciplinary aooaratuses, humanist reforms became panoptical surveillance regimes, public health measures became deployments for biopower, and theraputic practices became vehicles of subjection. From his perspective, the components of the postwar social state constituted a carceral archipelago of disciplinary domination, all the more insidious because self-imposed.
Granted, Foucault did not himself understand his project as an anatomy of fordist regulation. Positing a greater scope for his diagnosis, he preferred to associate disciplinary power with 'modernity' simpliciter. And most of his readers, including me, followed suit. As a result, the ensuing debates turned on whether the foucouldian picture of modernity was too dark and one-sided, neglecting the latter's emancipatory tendencies.@ http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8675.00321 Constellations doi:10.1111/1467-8675.00321 ~?g Freeman, C. 2001O Is local: Global as feminine: Masculine? Rethinking the gender of globalization 1007-1037 Signs 26 4 globalisation; gender; This article asks what appears to be a simple question: What are the implications of a divide between masculinist grand theories of globalization that ignore gender as an analytical lens and local empirical studies of globalization in which gender takes center stage? How might alternative analytical approaches give rise to new understandings of globalization? As feminists have argued for some time, taking gender seriously not only adds to the analysis at hand but produces a different analysis (Enloe 1990; Massey 1994, 181).By taking up one empirical local case, the example of contemporary "higglers" (or marketers) in the Caribbean, I hope to illustrate that globalization works through many economic and cultural modes and is effected both through large powerful actors and institutions as well as by small-scale" individuals engaged in a complex of activities that are both embedded within and at the same time transforming practices of global capitalism. The particular case I will describe of contemporary transnational Caribbean higglers demonstrates quite literally that not only do global processes enact themselves on local ground but local processes and small-scale actors might be seen as the very fabric of globalization. By turning to the gendered qualities of globalization, this discussion aims to rethink the conceptual underpinnings that have implicitly construed global as masculine and local as feminine terrains and practices. As V. Spike Peterson has said, "the binary logic of dichotomies frames our thinking in mutually exclusive categories so that masculinity, reason and objectivity are defined by the absence of femininity, affect and subjectivity. Once we reject the categorical separations presupposed in dichotomies, not only does the boundary between them change but so does the meaning of the polar terms: they are not mutually exclusive but in relation, which permits more than the two possibilities posited in either-or constructions. Moreover, changing the meaning of the terms and bringing them into relation (exposing their interdependence) changes the theoretical frameworks within which they are embedded" (1996,lS). My goal here is to bring into relief several powerful dichotomies in need of dialectical engagement: global/local; masculine/feminine; production/consumption; and formal/informal sectors of the economy h Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0097-9740%28200122%2926%3A4%3C1007%3AILGAFM%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Freeman C Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Inst Womens Studies Atlanta, GA 30322 USA 0004 Signs- 452JL-0004 452JL: Document Delivery availableL Emory University, Dept Anthropol, Inst Womens Studies Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ~?h Fullilove, M. T.
McGrath, M. M. 20058 Introduction to the Special Issue on Sexuality and Place 1-2 Journal of Sex Research 42 1 space; place; context This special issue of the Journal of Sex Research (JSR) presents papers that shift the gaze of the researcher and the reader from a narrow focus on the acts of sex to include the context within which people carry out their sexual lives. The place of sex is brought to the foreground, so that we amy understand the broader social and spacial negotiations that not only permit or repress sexuality but also influence how it is expresses. A small number of studies of sexuality and place have already been published in JSR. This special issue brings together a group of papers to demonstrate the range and importance of the issues that are encountered by looking at people in context. English Editorial Material
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Reprint available from: Fullilove MT 10027 USA Columbia Univ New York, NY 10027 USA 0001 J. Sex Res- 910GT-0001 910GT: Document Delivery availableB Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY ~?i
Gamson, J. 2001D Normal sins: Sex scandal narratives as institutional morality tales 185-205 Social Problems 48 2 pathology Sex scandals are widely assumed to be tales of individual transgression, serving as reminders of the normative sexual order: This paper, a qualitatitive multiple-case comparison of three contemporary media-conveyed sex scandals narratives, suggests otherwise. Drawing on extensive news documents, the study considers three stories, each revolving around the same sexual behavior, but each playing out in a different institutional environment: televangelist Jimmy Swaggart's encounter with prostitute Debra Murphree in 1988, actor Hugh Grant's encounter with prostitute Divine Brown in 1995, and presidential advisor Dick Morris' encounter with prostitute Sherry Rowlands in 1996. On the one hand, within the same overarching narrative, different themes become dominant. In one case, the relationship with a prostitute gives rise to a story primarily focused on hypocrisy: in another to a story focused mainly on recklessness; in the last, to a story focused mainly on amorality and disloyalty. On the other hand, the stories share a common dynamic and common themes: the discussions of sexual "misbehavior," which kick each story into gear, are rapidly edged out by themes of inauthenticity, and by suggestions that hypocrisy, risk, or disloyalty are facilitated by the man's particular institutional environment. Sex scandal stories, rather than remaining stories of individual sexual transgression, are transformed into institutional morality tales. Such a pattern, the author argues, results from pronounced needs on the parr of mainstream media organizations to both mimic and distinguish themselves from tabloid media, and from journalists' interest in transforming "soft" into "hard" news stories. While they draw on and buttress familiar "cultural givens" about masculine sexuality these scandal stories offer an even more theoretically challenging twist: an unexpected cultural reversal, in which sexual "sins" as narrated by American news media, reveal not individual, but institutional pathologies; not a nonnative order, but institutional decay. [References: 150] 150 English Review
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Reprint available from: Gamson J Yale Univ, Dept Sociol POB 208265 New Haven, CT 06520 USA Yale Univ, Dept Sociol New Haven, CT 06520 USA 0003 Soc. Probl- 446BL-0003 446BL: Document Delivery available~?j Gamson, J.
Moon, D. 20047 The sociology of sexualities: Queer and beyond [Review] 47-64 Annual Review of Sociology 30: identity; globalisation; intersectionality; queer studies;` We identify three trends in the recent sociology of sexuality. First, we examine how queer theory has influenced many sociologists whose empirical work observes sexuality in areas generally thought to be asexual. These sociologists also elaborate queer theory's challenge to sexual dichotomizing and trace the workings of power through sexual categories. Second, we look at how sociologists bring sexuality into conversation with the black feminist notion of "intersectionality" by examining the nature and effects of sexuality among multiple and intersecting systems of identity and oppression. A third trend in the sociology of sexuality has been to explore the relationships between sexuality and political economy in light of recent market transformations. In examining these trends, we observe the influence of globalization studies and the contributions of sociologists to understanding the role of sexuality in global processes. We conclude with the contributions sociologists of sexuality make toward understanding other social processes and with the ongoing need to study sexuality itself. [References: 102] 102( English Review
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Reprint available from: Gamson J Univ San Francisco, Dept Sociol San Francisco, CA 94117 USA Univ San Francisco, Dept Sociol San Francisco, CA 94117 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Sociol Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 0019 Annu. Rev. Sociol- 848YD-0019 848YD: Document Delivery available ?k
Ganesh, IM 20045 Sexuality Research and the position of the researcher 532-547 Indian Journal of Social Work 65 4 methods; HIV/AIDS' This article emphasises that research in sexuality requires many new dimensions - more creativity and debate, a deeper and more realistic approach to understand the psychology of human personal growth and the anatomy of risk behaviour. This will focus attention on the reduction of HIV transmission and the advocacy of a healthy lifestyle. This article addresses three key aspects of sexuality research: locating the nature and practice of sexuality with in the accepted norms, finding methods to expand our knowledge of sexuality, and the role of the researcher in translating psycho-sociological theory to the reality of people's lived experiences. the study represents the work of Interventions for Support, Healing and Awareness (IFSHA's) in the field of gender violence, child sexual abuse, sexuality through workshops, counseling and healing and research. It advocates that the researcher develop a language of emotion that fits in with the language of theory. Class and cultural differences have to be taken into account while developing the language of sexuality. Besides, while working with varied target groups, the intervenor has to be able to maintain both neutrality and distance. This call for a deep understanding of one's own psyche and sexuality. The article suggests that a support system be developed7 Interventions for Support, Healing and Awareness, India ?l & Garnets, Linda D.
Peplau, Letitia Anne 2000J Understanding Women's Sexualities and Sexual Orientations: An Introduction 181-192 Journal of Social Issues 56 2 orientation Researchers and theorists who attempt to generalize about sexuality and sexual orientation in both men and women simultaneously often take male experiences as the norm and ignore unique aspects of women's lives. The purpose of this issue is to focus attention on scientific research and theory about aspects of women's sexualities, with special emphasis on sexual orientation. A new paradigm is presented that recognizes the great diversity of women's erotic experiences and the many sociocultural factors that shape women's sexuality and sexual orientation across the lifespan. This introductory article highlights major themes and provides a brief summary of the articles in the issue. Four central topics are discussed: (1) the complexnature of women's sexualities and sexual orientations; (2) the importance of historical, social, and cultural contexts for adequately understanding women's sexualities; (3) the development of sexual orientation in women; and (4) implications for research and policy.A http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/0022-4537.00159 doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00159P ~?m Gedalof, I. 2000Q Power, politics and performativity: Some comments on Elisa Glick's 'Sex positive' 49-52 Feminist Review 64 feminism ; sex positive Comments on Elisa GlickL English Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.- 352GG-0005 352GG: Document Delivery available unknown<7n Giami, A. 2002E Sexual health: the emergence, development, and diversity of a concept 1-35 Annu Rev Sex Res 130 policy; public health; World Health Organization The concept of sexual health, which was developed at a 1975 conference of the World Health Organization (WHO), is currently being used to set up nationally based public health programs in various countries. I outline the history of sexuality as a public health issue since the 19th century, analyze the history of the concept of sexual health since its emergence in 1975, and make a comparative analysis of the contemporary documents dealing with sexual health generated in the U.S. and England, and by organizations such as the WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The analysis of these documents gives evidence that there is no international consensus on the concept of sexual health and its implementation in public health policies. The conceptions of sexual health remain embedded in national and political contexts. Conceptions for sexual health appear to be the result of political compromises and take place in the public health culture and practice of each country. Depending on the context, these different initiatives focus either on individual responsibility or on an appropriate sexual health services organization, and sexual health may be conceived as an ideal state of well-being or as the reduction of negative consequences of sexual activity.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12836728 $ Journal Article
Review
United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 12836728q Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U 569, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France. giami@vjf.inserm.fr eng $ ?o A Gianotten, Woet L.
Bender, Jim L.
Post, Marcel W.
Houng, Mechtild 2006f Training in sexology for medical and paramedical professionals: a model for the rehabilitation setting 303 - 317 Sexual and Relationship Therapy 21 3 Routledge disability; sexologys Rehabilitation sexology addresses the sexual difficulties of physically disabled people. Sexual dysfunction is prevalent among the patient population of rehabilitation clinics, which work with physical problems such as spinal cord injury, stroke and multiple sclerosis. However, the majority of rehabilitation professionals find sexuality and the sexual issues of their patients difficult to address. Two different surveys showed that 73% of patients, 59% of their partners and 67% of rehabilitation professionals considered sexuality an important topic to discuss. By contrast, only 12% of the professional staff considered themselves sufficiently trained to broach sexual problems with their patients. Motivated by these findings, we developed two different trainings for rehabilitation professionals. The first was discipline-specific, grouping individuals of the same discipline together, and the second was designed for the multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. The results of the training showed an increase in the health professionals' relevant knowledge, in their ability to recognise patients' sexual problems and in their skills in broaching and discussing sexual issues. These improvements had not diminished at the follow-up measurement. We consider this training method, developed for the rehabilitation setting, to be applicable in other settings, such as oncology and psychiatry.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/14681990600754559 1468-1994 %[ May 01, 2007= Utrecht and Eramus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands?p * Gill, Rosalind
Henwood, Karen
McLean, Carl 20059 Body Projects and the Regulation of Normative Masculinity 37-62 Body & Society 11 1- masculinity; identity; men; bodies; behaviour
March 1, 2005 Drawing on interviews with 140 young British males, this article explores the ways in which men talk about their own bodies and bodily practices, and those of other men. The specific focus of interest is a variety of body modification practices. We argue, however, that the significance of this analysis extends beyond the topic of body modification. In discussing the appearance of their bodies, the men we interviewed talked less about muscle and skin than about their own selves located within particular social, cultural and moral universes. This article shows that, in talking about seemingly trivial questions such as whether to have one's nose pierced or join a gym, men are actively engaged in regulating normative masculinity. Our analysis lends support to the claim that the body has become a new (identity) project in high/late/post-modernity, but shows how fraught with difficulties this project is for young men who must simultaneously work on and discipline their bodies while disavowing any (inappropriate) interest in their own appearance. The analysis highlights the pervasive individualism of young men's discourses, and the absence of alternative ways of making sense of embodied experiences.4 http://bod.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/37 10.1177/1357034x05049849~?q Glick, E. 2000G Sex positive: Feminism, queer theory, and the politics of transgression 19-45 Feminist Review 64! feminism; queer studies; politics0 From the feminist 'sex wars' of the 1980s to the queer theory and politics of the 1990s, debates about the politics of sexuality have been at the forefront of contemporary theoretical, social, and political demands. This article seeks to intervene in these debates by challenging the terms through which they have been defined. Investigating the importance of 'sex positivity' and transgression as conceptual features of feminist and queer discourses, this essay calls for a new focus on the political and material effects of pro-sexuality. [References: 73] 73 English Article
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Reprint available from: Glick E Brown Univ Providence, RI 02912 USA Brown Univ Providence, RI 02912 USA 0003 Fem. Rev- 352GG-0003 352GG: Document Delivery available0 Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA 0003 O?r Gokah, Theophilus 20066 The Naïve Researcher: Doing Social Research in Africa 61-734 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 9 1T Research; Risk; Fieldwork; qualitative methods; theory-practice relationship; Africa This paper discusses the practicalities of doing social research. It draws on the author’s field experiences in four African countries during postgraduate training. It discusses physical risk, visible or invisible, that can be encountered during fieldwork and highlights other conceptual issues that are necessary for postgraduate students as first-timers or ‘naïve’ researchers to consider. The reason(s) for doing this is to demonstrate a reflexive stance, i.e. the relationship between the theory and practice of qualitative research. The discussion thus offers an insight into what new researchers are likely to face when undertaking fieldwork abroad and issues that can act as a deterrent to the researcher as ‘novice’ or ‘naïve’.H http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/content/x8075m17m484466k/fulltext.html Cardiff University
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Golden, Carla 1997& Do women choose their sexual identity? 18 The Harvard Gay & Lesbian Review 4 1 orientation; sexuality Jan 31, 1997\ For women, there may be more to sexual orientation than "affectional/erotic attraction." Money (1988) argued that the definitive criterion for sexual orientation is falling in love; a homosexual person is one who falls in love with someone of the same sex. Money also identified other criteria, such as "being sexually attracted to" and "aroused by," assuming that these always occurred in concert. My interviews suggest that they do not. Some bisexual women reported sexual attraction to other females without being in love with them; some heterosexual women described themselves as being in love with their girlfriends without experiencing sexual arousal; and some lesbians reported loving but asexual relationships. The argument could still be made that the women described above were "really" bisexual, and that their openness to sexual relationships with women, after a history of sexual attractions and relationships exclusively with men, merely reflects a predetermined (bi)sexuality. This is the view of John Money (1988), who asserts that it is incorrect to use the term "sexual preference," because people cannot choose their sexuality. He argues that sexual orientation "is something that happens...like being tall or short, left-handed or right-handed, color-blind or color-seeing." According to him, no one prefers to be homosexual rather than heterosexual, or bisexual rather than monosexual. One wonders whether he has ever listened to women's accounts of their sexual choices. Taking into account the role of choice allows for a more comprehensive understanding of sexual behavior and self-identification in women. Identities and behaviors that appear puzzling and difficult to explain become clearer within a framework that acknowledges women's fluid sexuality. For example, it helps in understanding those women who have always considered themselves heterosexual but then become aware in adulthood that they are attracted to women as well as men. Some of these women act on their sexual attractions, despite no previous experience, and develop strong identities as lesbians. Other women may consider themselves bisexual, whether or not they ever act on their attractions. If sexuality is fluid, then it is understandable why some women consider themselves "bisexual lesbians," having chosen to be sexually involved with women and to identify as lesbians while acknowledging that they sometimes experience sexual attractions to men. It makes clearer the experience of so-called "transient lesbians," women who for a period of time identify as lesbians and are involved with women, but who subsequently become involved with men. It explains socalled "political lesbians," who decide based on feminist beliefs that it is preferable to be sexually involved with women, and for whom this becomes a distinctly erotic as well as a political choice. And it may explain the increasing visibility and expression of bisexual choices among women who previously assumed but never questioned their heterosexuality. Bisexuality may be the one area of sexual "deviation" in which women not only express more interest than men, but have more experience as well.S http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=506105341&Fmt=7&clientId=20828&RQT=309&VName=PQD
TY - JOUR 10776591<7t R Goodwin, R.
Kwiatkowska, A.
Realo, A.
Kozlova, A.
Nguyen Luu, L. A.
Nizharadze, G. 2004w Social representations of HIV/AIDS in five Central European and Eastern European countries: a multidimensional analysis 669-80 AIDS Care 16 6O HIV; cognative processing models; risk; sexual behavior; social identification; Aug( Cognitive processing models of risky sexual behaviour have proliferated in the two decades since the first reporting of HIV/AIDS, but far less attention has been paid to individual and group representations of the epidemic and the relationship between these representations and reported sexual behaviours. In this study, 494 business people and medics from Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Poland and Russia sorted free associations around HIV/AIDS in a matrix completion task. Exploratory factor and multidimensional scaling analyses revealed two main dimensions (labelled 'Sex' and 'Deadly disease'), with significant cultural and gender variations along both dimension scores. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in the light of growing concerns over the spread of the epidemic in this region.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15370056 8 Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 15370056; Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK. Robin.Goodwin@brunel.ac.uk engc?u Gordon, Gill
Mwale, Vincent 2006: Preventing HIV with young people: a case study from Zambia 68(12) Reproductive Health Matters 14 28@ education; Zambia; Health policy; condoms usage; HIV prevention0 The US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is funding thousands of community-based organisations, international NGOs and government services in high HIV prevalence countries to persuade young people to abstain from sex until marriage (Abstinence, Behaviour Change, Youth--ABY). This paper describes how this strategy is being implemented in Zambia, and community responses to it. It is derived from published information and observations and discussions in the Eastern Province in 2005-2006. A few NGOs have challenged the strategy, but many took the funds and are paying large numbers of peer educators to promote abstinence only. Messages are rife that condoms have holes or don't work sufficiently well to make them worth using. Condom promotion materials have been replaced. Service providers refuse to give condoms to young people. Young people who had attended sexuality and life skills programmes that gave them accurate information are rejecting inaccurate messages and demanding condoms. Without this education, however, inaccurate messages will spread quickly. It is not possible to promote condoms only for high risk people without stigmatising both the people and condoms, and it also jeopardises promoting condom use for contraception. Everything possible must be done to reduce negative messages about condoms. Everyone involved in HIV/AIDS needs to reflect on their own work in relation to this new climate and ensure that all prevention options are widely available, correct information is given and condoms are available for everyone who needs them.
http://find.galegroup.com/itx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=EAIM&docId=A157034896&source=gale&srcprod=EAIM&userGroupName=latrobe&version=1.0 v Reproductive Health Matters, Not in File, 0968-8080, Magazine/Journal, InfoTrac Power Search
Thomson Gale, 2007/05/24/ International AIDS Alliance ~?v Gordon, Liahna E. 2006V Bringing the U-Haul: Embracing and Resisting Sexual Stereotypes in a Lesbian Community 171-192 Sexualities 9 2 lesbian, female sexuality
April 1, 2006, I examine the rules of sex and dating in a midwestern white middle-class lesbian community. I interview participants and describe how they comply with these rules, which largely (though not entirely) correspond with stereotypes of white middle-class female sexuality. The participants also describe how through the community rules they resist heterosexual norms of sexuality, which primarily means resistance of stereotypical male sexuality. The women seem unaware of the ways in which they participate in the process of creating and reifying these rules within their community, perceiving themselves instead to be completely ignorant of them. I examine these patterns within the context of the lesbian sex wars', concluding that the legacy of lesbian feminism has remained surprisingly strong in this community.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/2/171 ' California State University, Chico, USA 10.1177/1363460706063118 c~?w Gottschalk, L. 2003M Same-sex sexuality and childhood gender non-conformity: a spurious connection 35-50 Journal of Gender Studies 12 1/ orientation; homosexuality; identity; behavior; Biological and hormonal theories of same-sex sexuality are usually based upon an assumption of congenital gender inversion, that is, that a lesbian is in some way masculinised and a gay man in some way feminised. Commonly, and also because of the assumption of biology, such evidence of gender inversion is sought in childhood. In this paper I present a challenge to the theory that childhood gender non-conformity is associated with homosexuality, noting in particular that discussions of gender non-conformity and 'homosexuality' do not attempt to explain the experiences of heterosexual women. By demonstrating that childhood gender non-conformity has been wrongly associated with same-sex sexuality and posing an alternative explanation for childhood gender non-conformity, it is my intention to present a challenge to the theory that same-sex sexuality is related to congenital gender inversion. [References: 67] 67 English Article
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Reprint available from: Gottschalk L Univ Ballarat Ballarat Vic Australia Univ Ballarat Ballarat Vic Australia 0003 J. Gend. Stud- 657TF-0003 657TF: Document Delivery available ?x + Gozdziak, Elzbieta M.
Collett, Elizabeth A. 2005F Research on Human Trafficking in North America: A Review of Literature 99-128 International Migration 43 1-2 pathology; human trafficn As the number of traffickers apprehended, and the number of victims offered protection have both increased, an opportunity has been afforded to the research community to make an empirical assessment of the trafficking phenomenon in North America, including collection of baseline data on the prevalence of human trafficking in the region, trafficking trajectories, the characteristics of both victims and traffickers, and the services needed to protect and support victims. However, despite these opportunities there has been little systematic, empirical, and methodologically rigorous research on trafficking in human beings in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. This paper is a modest attempt to survey existing literature on trafficking in human beings in the region. It includes a discussion of a broad spectrum of publications, not all of which relate to human trafficking as defined in the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. We include them nevertheless because their authors argue that they indeed inform the human trafficking discourse. The examination of existing literature is carried out against a backdrop of the discussion of the antecedents of the contemporary trafficking phenomena as well as existing definitions of trafficking. This paper aims to map out the research that currently exists and make note of the research gaps that need to be filled in order to establish appropriate and effective policies and programmes for trafficked victims. We attempt to answer the following questions:
Who is funding and who is conducting research on trafficking in human beings in North America?
· What methodologies and data sources are used to conduct this research?
· What are the foci of trafficking research in North America?
· What types of studies are conducted?
· What are the research gaps that need to be filled?J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00314.x ! Georgetown University, Washington$ doi:10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00314.x 0 <7y 8 Graham, C. A.
Crosby, R. A.
Sanders, S. A.
Yarber, W. L. 2005) Assessment of condom use in men and women 20-52 Annu Rev Sex Res 16J methods; research design; sexually transmitted diseases; social conditions Self-reported condom use is a key variable in surveys of sexual behavior and in studies evaluating interventions to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. This article provides a review of how male condom use has been assessed in research. We critically review a number of methodological issues, including the length of the recall period, terminology, specification of partner variables, validity and reliability of condom use, and use of newer data collection methods such as daily diaries and computer-assisted and online technologies. Assessment of condom use errors and problems, and the role of women in condom use are discussed. Finally, we offer recommendations for improving assessment of condom use in future research.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16913286 $ Journal Article
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United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 16913286 Oxford Doctoral Course in Clinical Psychology, Isis Education Centre, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxfordshire, UK. cygraham@indiana.edu eng ~?z Green, A. I. 20029 Gay but not queer: Toward a post-queer study of sexuality 521-545 Theory & Society 31 4 theoryq On the whole, the surge of queer theoretical currents over the last decade represents and important turning point in the study of sexuality. Scholars of sexuality frustrated by the limitations of sexological reductionism have profited from the queer turn, gaining a new, fertile theoretical framework in which to reimagine the relationship of sexualites and societies. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Green AI , IN 47401 USA Indiana Univ Bloomington, IN 47401 USA 0003 Theory Soc- 611FC-0003 611FC: Document Delivery available" Indiana University Bloomington USA .~?{ Green, B. C. 2005> Homosexual signification: A moral construct in social contexts 119-134 Journal of Homosexuality 49 2% homosexuality; masculinity; typology;V Contemporary attempts to define homophobia argue that it is a composite prejudice reflecting attitudes toward masculinity, sexual license, and social norms. Influenced by studies of other forms of prejudice, researchers have focused on trying to identify characteristics of a "homophobic personality." Strategies to reduce homophobia emphasize education and tolerance. There has yet to be an engaged, respectful discussion of the validity of the fears which constitute the phobia in homophobia. This paper suggests a taxonomy of moral themes which recur in arguments against homosexuality. Judeo-Christian writers quote the scriptural proscription of mate anal intercourse and the particularly Christian notion of homosexuality as sin (although it is but one particular in a gelleral denunciation of non-reproductive sexual acts). Secular concern with masculinity, sex and gender role conformity is also a source of, homophobic angst. The contention that homosexual acts are against nature is premised on the biological imperative toward reproduction of the species. It does not address the possibility that human sexuality may have other ends and it certainly is not against an individual nature. Clerical and civic authority exist to maintain social order and to restrain individual license and to justify the establishment of a normative sexuality. Among marginalized groups, the practice of exclusive homosexuality may provoke fears of ethnic extinction. Lastly, homosexuality has a history associated with social evils, debauchery, prostitution, criminality and pathology. That heritage still affects the desirability or fear of identification as a homosexual or association. with homosexuals. It is my intent that this paper will contribute to understanding the etiology of antagonistic attitudes toward homosexuality and promote an overdue acceptance. [References: 31] 31 English Article
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Reprint available from: Green BC Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hist Holton Hall,POB 413 Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hist Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA 0007 J. Homosex- 968UE-0007 968UE: Document Delivery available ~?| U Green, G.
Pool, R.
Harrison, S.
Hart, G. J.
Wilkinson, J.
Nyanzi, S.
Whitworth, J. A. 2001^ Female control of sexuality: illusion or reality? Use of vaginal products in south west Uganda 585-98 Soc Sci Med 52 4% HIV; Africa; contraceptive behavior; Feb This paper reports on a trial of vaginal products that were distributed and used by 131 women and 21 men in south west Uganda. It focuses specifically upon the issue of female control in heterosexual relationships and examines whether methods which are ostensibly under women's control, will in practice give women greater control of their sexual health. Participants were invited to select two from a range of vaginal products that included the female condom, contraceptive sponge, film, tablets, foam and gel, and use each for five weeks and their favourite product for a further three months. They were interviewed up to seven times over a five-month period. Although the women perceived that a major advantage of the products (with the exception of the female condom) was that they could be used secretly, less than 40% were using the products without their partner's knowledge after one week and this proportion declined over time with only 22% using the products secretly after ten weeks. In the main male partners were told as women felt it their duty to inform them. In general the women were very much more positive about the products than they were about the male condom, as were the men. A contributory factor to their popularity among women was the greater control they gave them. Even though, use of these products in practice often involved negotiation with male partners, the fact that use was contingent on women's action was empowering and increased somewhat their ability to control their sexual health.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=112066550 0277-9536 (Print)
Clinical Trial
Journal Article 11206655] University of Essex, Health and Social Services Institute, Colchester, UK. gillgr@essex.ac.uk ~?} Grewal, I.
Kaplan, C. 2001A Global identities - Theorizing transnational studies of sexuality 663-679' GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian & Gay Studies 7 4> identity; transnational/global; sexual politics; globalisation For the most part, throughout the twentieth century, what we might call politically “progressive” studies of sexuality emerged as a result of identity politics and social movements. Increasingly, with the rise of ethnic and postcolonial studies and the growing emphasis on diaspora in American studies, the scholarship on sexuality is globalized. Yet thinking simply about global identities does not begin to get at the complex terrain of sexual politics that is at once national, regional, local, even “cross-cultural” and hybrid. In many works on globalization, the “global” is seen either as a homogenizing influence or as a neocolonial movement of ideas and capital from West to non-West.2 Debates on the nature of global identities have suggested the inadequacy of understanding globalization simply through political economy or through theories of “Western” cultural imperialism and have pushed us to probe further the relationship between globalization and culture.3 Yet how do we understand these emerging identities, given the divergent theories regarding the relationship between globalization and cultural formations? Can these identities be called “global identities,” or is some other term more useful? English Article
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Reprint available from: Grewal I San Francisco State Univ, Women Studies Dept San Francisco, CA 94132 USA San Francisco State Univ, Women Studies Dept San Francisco, CA 94132 USA 0007 GLQ-J. Lesbian Gay Stud- 539ZZ-0007 539ZZ: Document Delivery available ~?~ Gross, N.
Simmons, S. 2002C Intimacy as a double-edged phenomenon? An empirical test of Giddens 531-555
Social Forces 81 2( globalisation; relationships; intimacy; In a series of books published since 1990, Anthony Giddens has explored the impact of globalization on the personal relationships and inner lives of those living in the advanced capitalist societies of the West. Of particular interest to him have been intimate, sexual relationships, which he views as tending, under the weight of globalization, away from a "traditional" model and toward a "posttraditional" form in which the relationship is seen as a means to self-development and is expected to be dissolved when it no longer serves this purpose. These posttraditional or "pure love" relationships, Giddens argues, hold great promise for human freedom and happiness, but are so unpredictable that they also threaten to overwhelm people with anxiety and lead them to engage in compensatory addictive behaviors. This article empirically examines Giddens's claims. Data come from a nationally representative survey of Americans in midlife. Results show that people in pure love relationships reap the rewards to which Giddens points, but experience few of the negative side effects. The theoretical implications of the findings are considered. [References: 54] 54 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Gross N Univ So Calif, Dept Sociol Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif, Dept Sociol Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol Madison, WI 53706 USA 0006 Soc. Forces- 633PH-0006 633PH: Document Delivery availableI University of Southern California, Dept Sociol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USAu~? Grov, C. 2004f "Make me your death slave": men who have sex with men and use the Internet to intentionally spread HIV 329-349 Deviant Behavior 25 4N pathology; high-risk sex; gay men; lesbians; gender; barebacking; Intercourse;+ This study analyzes the personal ads of an Internet web site solely devoted to unprotected (bareback) sex among men who have sex with men (MSM), in order to identify the profiles of individuals actively and overtly seeking to spread HIV. Although the purpose of the website is not necessarily for spreading HIV, it does provide a medium to exchange such discourses. Analysis of the website identifies 81 profiles of individuals with an overt interest in spreading HIV. In an attempt to better explain and understand this behavior, two theoretical paradigms of deviance are tested (social learning theory and labeling theory). Findings indicate that both theories offer adequate arguments to better understand this behavior. Future research directions and prevention strategies are discussed. [References: 44] 44 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Grov C CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, Dept Sociol 365 5th Ave New York, NY 10016 USA CUNY Grad Sch & Univ Ctr, Dept Sociol New York, NY 10016 USA 0002 Deviant Behav- 828UT-0002 828UT: Document Delivery available City University of New York ~? Grown, C.
Gupta, G. R.
Pande, R. 2005W Taking action to improve women's health through gender equality and women's empowerment 541-3 Lancet 365 9458> education; public health; developing countries; women's rights Feb 5-11 Over the past few decades, great strides have been made in improvement of women’s health status; more than a decade has been added to life expectancy, and fertility rates in both developed and developing countries have declined substantially, helping to reduce burdens associated with childbirth and childrearing. Despite this progress, more than half a million women—99% of whom live in the developing world—continue to die every year in pregnancy and childbirth due to entirely preventable reasons. Additionally, amid the HIV/AIDS pandemic, women today face new and worsening health risks: 50% of all adults living with HIV/AIDS worldwide are women, and those age 15–24 years are disproportionately affected. These realities are the result of persistent disadvantages experienced by women. Goal 3 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)—to achieve gender equality and empower women—seeks to rectify those disadvantages through policies and programmes that build women’s capabilities, improve their access to economic and political opportunity, and guarantee their safety. Such efforts must complement direct health interventions to assure long-term sustainable improvements in women’s health.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15705464& 1474-547X (Electronic)
Journal Article 15705464 International Center for Research on Women, 1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 302, Washington, DC 20036, USA. cgrown@icrw.orgҿ? J Grunseit, Anne
Kippax, Susan
Aggleton, Peter
Baldo, Mariella
Slutkin, Gary 1997d Sexuality Education and Young People's Sexual Behavior: A Review of Studies
10.1177/0743554897124002 421-453 Journal of Adolescent Research 12 4 education; adolescent October 1, 1997 To assess the effects of HIV/AIDS and sexuality education on young people's sexual behavior; a comprehensive literature review was commissioned by the Office of Intervention Development and Support within the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS. Fifty-two reports were reviewed. Of 47 studies that evaluated interventions, 25 reported that HP//AIDS and sexuality education neither increased nor decreased sexual activity and attendant rates ofpregnancy and STDs. Seventeen reported that HIV and/or sexuality education delayed the onset of sexual activity, reduced the number of sexual partners, or reduced unplanned pregnancy and STD rates. Only three studies found increases in sexual behavior associated with sexuality education. Hence, little evidence was found to support the contention that sex and/or HIV education promote promiscuity. The interpretative value of this research often was compromised, however, because of inadequacies in study design, analytic techniques, outcome indicators, and reporting of statistics.4 http://jar.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/4/421 Journal of Adolescent Research <7 Gysels, M.
Pool, R.
Nyanzi, S. 2005w The adventures of the Randy Professor and Angela the Sugar Mummy: sex in fictional serials in Ugandan popular magazines 967-77 AIDS Care 17 8T culture; content analysis; Africa; Uganda; Public Health; Sexual Behavior/psychology Nov In 1996 newspaper vendors in Ugandan towns started selling a new kind of locally produced 'lifestyle' magazine. On the covers there were young, scantily dressed girls and inside news articles, fictional serials, lifestyle articles, agony aunt columns, etc. The new magazines gained an enormous popularity in a short space of time. Everywhere people were seen reading them and copies became brown and tattered from use. Using content analysis, we analyse the fictional serials which appeared in three of these magazines. We focus on these because they were the most sexually explicit type of content and, from a public health perspective, the most relevant with regard to HIV prevention. The stories were presented as simple entertainment, depicting the adventures of stereotypical characters. They provided people with explicit and unrestricted sexual fantasy which was, at the same time, devoid of any real risk. Although they could be interpreted as providing a discourse which challenged the main messages of HIV-prevention campaigns (sex is good for you, have as much of it as possible, and don't let condoms spoil the enjoyment), they also suggest that behaviour change may be more popular if sex and sexual health are not separated from sexual pleasure, and safe sex is promoted from a positive perspective (emphasis on sexual enjoyment) rather than a negative one (prevention of disease). The popularity of the magazines underscores the importance of entertainment value when discussing sex, and suggests alternative possibilities for disseminating health messages. Illustrated popular magazines such as those discussed here could be suitable as intervention, though they would need some adaptation to counter gender stereotypes and sexual violence.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16176893 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 16176893\ King's College, Department of Palliative Care and Policy, London. marjolein.gysels@kcl.ac.uk eng ? Hall, Wendy. A
Callery, Peter 2001S Enhancing the Rigor of Grounded Theory: Incorporating Reflexivity and Relationality 257-272 Qualitative Health Research 11 2i grounded theory; qualitative research methods; interviews; social construction; symbolic interactionism; Some proponents of the grounded theory method appear to treat interview and participant observation data as though they mirror informants' realities. Others claim that grounded theory incorporates reflexivity. It is claimed in this article that the principal texts on grounded theory do not attend to the effects of interactions between researchers and participants in interview and participant observation contexts. Descriptions of the effects of interactions on interview data and attention to relationships between interviewers and interviewees are necessary for attending to the rigor of grounded theory findings. Therefore, it is argued that reflexivity and relationality, which are defined as attending to the effects of researcher-participant interactions on the construction of data and to power and trust relationships between researchers and participants, should be incorporated into grounded theory. University of British Colombia ? Halperin, Daniel T.
Steiner, Markus J.
Cassell, Michael M.
Green, Edward C.
Hearst, Norman
Kirby, Douglas
Gayle, Helene D.
Cates, Willard 2004L The time has come for common ground on preventing sexual transmission of HIV 1913-1915 Lancet 364 9449 editorial_ Although prevention should encompass multiple integrated elements, including links to expanded treatment access, changing or maintaining of behaviours aimed at risk avoidance and risk reduction must remain the cornerstone of HIV prevention. We call for an end to polarising debate and urge the international community to unite around an inclusive evidence-based approach to slow the spread of sexually transmitted HIV. Given the critical importance of averting new HIV infections, emerging evidence on potential interventions such as microbicides or other female-controlled methods, treatment of genital herpes and other sexually transmitted infections, male circumcision, and vaccines should be continuously reviewed for inclusion in HIV prevention programmes, while doing so in a way that fosters overall risk reduction and minimally interferes with the adoption of essential prevention behaviours. The time has come to leave behind divisive polarisation and to move forward together in designing and implementing evidence-based prevention programmes to help reduce the millions of new infections occurring each year.` http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1B-4DWGJSH-3/2/742aa33a88cfe7ae02ca0c089ce32dbc ~? Hammer, E. Y.
Giordano, P. J. 2001K Dual-gender team-teaching human sexuality: Pedagogical and practical issues 132-133 Teaching of Psychology 28 2
education; We believe there are a number of pedagogical and practical benefits for student learning in a dual-gender team-taught human sexuality course. This approach exposes students to role models of both genders, ensures a less biased presentation of material, and provides a more comfortable environment to discuss sensitive topics. We address Practical issues such as how to set up a team-taught course, how to manage classroom dynamics, and how to deal with issues of grading. Students indicated that the dual-gender component increased their comfort with course material. In their comments, they also indicated that the dual-disciplinary component (i.e., social and clinical) enhanced their experience in the course. [References: 4] 4 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Hammer EY Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol New Orleans, LA 70118 USA Belmont Univ Belmont, MA USA 0015 Y Teach. Psychol1 426ET-0015 426ET: Document Delivery not available3 Loyola Univ, Dept Psychol New Orleans, LA 70118 USA~? Haram, L. 2005? AIDS and risk: the handling of uncertainty in northern Tanzania 1-11 Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 1@ HIV; risk; longitudial study; Africa; cultural characteristics; Jan0 Studies of sexual risk behaviour in the context of HIV/AIDS often utilize theories of risk which are predicated on the idea of the rational actor making choices, and thus operate with a strong notion of the autonomous individual. The underlying assumption is that a well-informed individual would strive to reduce risk and therefore choose not to engage in risky behaviour in sexual encounters. Drawing on longitudinal fieldwork in Arusha town and the surrounding districts in northern Tanzania, this paper explores how people draw on a complexity of knowledge and experience when they try to reduce the likelihood of contracting HIV. It shows how the embeddedness of social relationships, and the constraints of culture restrict the possible range of options, particularly for women. The paper examines the paired concepts of risk and trust, arguing that trust in a sexual relationship is gendered in particular ways. Gender hierarchies often place women in a subordinate position to men as a result of which women have to make compromises which put their health at risk.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16864184( 1369-1058 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 16864184= Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, Sweden. Liv.Haram@nai.uu.se I? Susan Harewood 2005B Masquerade Performance and the Play of Sexual Identity in Calypso 189-205+ Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 5 21 culture; Barbados; post-colonial; sexual identity This article examines the constitutive nature of Caribbean popular culture, specifically calypso performance, in postnational and postindependence identity formation. It seeks to contribute to research that highlights the importance of the work of the imagination in the active processes of community formations and intervene into standard calypso research and criticism that posits calypso as the voice of the people but identifies the people as a rigid, narrow, and bounded category. The article argues for full engagement with calypso within the context of carnival. It understands masquerade as a fundamental part of calypso performance and utilizes masquerade as an analytical category that permits us to understand the play of identities constituted within calypso performance. A masquerade analysis of The Mighty Gabby’s 2001 calypso competition finals performance exemplifies a case of a multivalent masquerade performance that specifically plays with discourses of sexual identity and provides clear insight into the aesthetic work of calypso. ' University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign DOI: 10.1177/1532708605274940u<7 Harkless, L. E.
Fowers, B. J. 2005` Similarities and differences in relational boundaries among heterosexuals, gay men, and lesbians 167-176 Psychology of Women Quarterly 29 2[ relationships; power; sexual orientation; Gender; Intimate-relationships; Couples; Health;
Jun This study investigated the relative contributions of gender and sexual orientation as factors associated with the formation of boundaries in dyadic intimate relating in both same- and opposite-sex couples. The study examined a relational pattern previously not empirically investigated but widely accepted as an actuality unique to lesbians; specifically, that lesbians tend to remain connected to ex-serious-relationship partners after breakup. The study utilized a research design approach emphasizing the methodological utility and heuristic value of including sexual orientation as an independent variable in studies of gender dynamics. Two general classes of theoretical frameworks, those emphasizing gender role socialization influences and those emphasizing systems influences, were discussed in terms of their relative goodness of fit as conceptual bases for the data. Questionnaires were completed by 60 lesbians, 37 gay men, 45 heterosexual women, and 39 heterosexual men. Lesbians and gay men reported higher levels of connection to ex-serious-relationship partners than heterosexuals. The data reflect how inclusion of sexual orientation can broaden understandings of gender differentiated phenomena beyond more traditional gender-only based accounts. [References: 49] 29(2)
Article
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Reprint available from: Harkless LE 1508 San Ignacio Ave,Suite 200 Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA 0361-6843 Psychol. Women Q
925ET-0006O University of Miami, Dept Educucation & Psychological Studies, FL 33146, USA, . EnglishqF? Mary Hawkesworth 1997 Confounding gender Signs 22 3 gender; feminism Spring 1997 The concept of gender elicited varying views in the feminist movement due to differences in its meaning and usage. Feminist writers such as Joan Scott and Sandra Harding have advanced the concept of gender as an analytic category. Other gender theories were proposed by writers such as Steven Smith, Judith Butler, R.W. Connell, Suzanne Kessler and Wendy McKenna. Their analysis took into consideration the roles of social relations, psyche and the self. The natural attitude toward gender is that there are certain unquestionable axioms about gender, and any deviation is either a joke or a pathology. In addition to the natural attitude towards gender, there is also a multiplicity of meanings for the term which has become a source of conflict among feminists. 649p F? Heartfield, James 2002 There is No Masculinity Crisis Genders 35 masculinity; young men; class The view that there is a crisis of masculinity is often associated with a discourse that demonises men, especially young men, as pathological. This discourse reinforces the case for greater social control and state intervention. Perhaps more importantly, at the level of cultural values, such characteristics as self-assertiveness, independence, even objectivity, are cast as problematic, 'masculine values'. Any oppositional attitudes are characterised as evidence of pathological male behaviour. Instead, men are called upon to act the part of the victim, by mourning their loss of power, and getting in touch with their emotional side. This is an attitude that welcomes passivity but criminalizes resistance. Masculinity theories do appear to be telling us something about a loss of power that matches their real condition. But it is wrong to see this loss of power as a loss in relation to women. Rather it is in relation to capital that men and women alike have lost to authority. The cumulative defeats inflicted upon working class organisations in the 1980s and 90s have created a condition in which working class subjectivity has been diminished. The crisis is not one of masculinity, but one of the working class.. http://www.genders.org/g35/g35_heartfield.html~? Heineman, D. 2002. Sexuality and Nazism: The doubly unspeakable? 22-66# Journal of the History of Sexuality 11 1-25 politics; sexual ethics; Germany; history; 1933-1945; The history of sexuality in Nazi Germany unites two subjects vulnerable to sensationalist coverage: sex and Nazism. Film scholars have observed a tendency to eroticize National Socialism in that medium, a phenomenon that reflects (and perhaps perpetuates) the dangerous allure of fascism. Film, however, often claims to be fiction and always claims artistic license. Perhaps more startling is the persistent misrepresentation of sexuality under Nazism in outlets that allegedly produce nonfiction. In a recent front-page story, the Los Angeles Times characterized Lebensborn as a place where “11,000 children were born to women who mated with elite SS officers,” although all serious investigations describe Lebensborn as a home for pregnant women who could demonstrate the racial acceptability of their offspring-to-be. Popular perceptions of many historic episodes are stubbornly resistant to evidence, but it is worth asking whether there is something special about the combination of Nazism and sex. English Review
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Reprint available from: Heineman D Univ Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242 USA 0003 J. Hist. Sex- 599HP-0003 599HP: Document Delivery available, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ~? Heineman, E. 2005: Gender, sexuality, and coming to terms with the Nazi past 41-74 Central European History 38 1Q gender metaphors; review; West-germany. Remasculinization; Politics; Memory; Sex; This essay will explore the place of gender and sexuality in Germans' current discussions about coming to terms with their Nazi past, and it will examine the ways recent scholarship reflects evolving concerns about the place of gender and sexuality in the Nazi era and its aftermath. English Review
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Reprint available from: Heineman E Univ Iowa, Dept Hist Iowa City, IA 52242 USA Univ Iowa, Dept Hist Iowa City, IA 52242 USA 0034 Cent. Eur. Hist- 911QH-0034 911QH: Document Delivery available O? * Helweg-Larsen, Karin
Larsen, Helmer Boving 2005J A critical review of available data on sexual abuse of children in Denmark 715-724 Child Abuse & Neglect 29 6 pathology; child sexual abuse Objective: To describe different data sources that may illuminate the incidence and character of child sexual abuse (CSA) in Denmark in the late 1990s.Method: Data concerning alleged sexual abuse of children below 15 years of age in the 1990s were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register and the Danish National Criminal Register. In addition, all police files concerning reported CSA in 1 year (1998), were reviewed.Results: The average annual incidence of CSA was .06 per 1,000 children, based on data in the National Patient Register; however, it was .5 per 1,000 based on data in the Criminal Register. In the Criminal Register, significant annual differences were found in cases of sexual offence against children below 12 years. The police reports comprised very comprehensive information about the victims and the character of CSA. Based on this information the incidence of police reported CSA in 1998 was 1.0 per 1,000 children, and .6 per 1,000 excluding reported cases of indecent exposure. Half of intra-familial CSA resulted in a conviction compared to 40% of extra-familial CSA and 16% of indecent exposure.Conclusions: In Denmark, criminal statistics contain the most systematic collection of data on CSA. However, data reflect the reporting behavior by parents or other closely related adults, which may be influenced by changes in public awareness of the problem. Consequently, register data should be supplemented by data obtained from self-reported surveys on CSA.` http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V7N-4GG8VYS-4/2/fb4c8ef82a0d499e56c2bddd0bdf833c 8 National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark {? Nancy M Hendley
Joselito Abueg 2003b A review and synthesis of research on comprehension of the masculine as a generic form in English 427-454 Estudios de Sociolinguistica 4 2
language; m In this article we survey studies providing empirical tests of questions related to the comprehension of masculine generics; these are categorised by experimental paradigm. Findings are aggregated and weighted Stouffer combined tests are performed to assess the probabilities of the findings across studies. the evidence indicated that not only are masculine forms more likely to lead to male-oriented than to other responses, but also that this tendency is strongly evidenced in both children and adults, and that females are more likely than males to interpret masculine forms generically (p<.00001 for each combined test). The evidence is mixed on whether sex-neutral or sex-inclusive forms provoke more generic interpretation, but may favor the inclusive forms. Many children, and 10% or more of adults tested, were unable to explain the masculine generic rule satisfactorily. Processing -time studies indicate that a male related response is more cognitively available than other responses following a masculine generic antecedent. Finally there is a residual tendency to make male-oriented responses regardless of the stimulus.2 University of California, Department of Psychology ~? Herdt, G. 1999' Clinical ethnography and sexual culture 100-19 Annu Rev Sex Res 10A social construction; cross-cultural study; clinical ethnography; \ In this article, I will discuss the constructs of "sexual culture," "clinical ethnography," and "sexual subjectivity" in Western and non-Western groups as reflected in the light of research over the past decade. If assumptions of homogeneous sexual subjectivity are problematic for Western communities, as noted below, how much more tenuous must the assertion of sameness be for the sexual cultures of non-Western peoples? Sociocultural studies of sexuality have made progress in theorizing how individual differences might be placed into the equation of cross-cultural interpretations (Connell & Dowsett, 1992; DiMauro, 1995; Suggs & Miracle, 1999; Tiefer, 1990). However, the constructs and understanding of this area remain in need of development. Over the past decade, the gap has been filled largely by postmodern theorists, and subsequently queer theorists, who have critically challenged aspects of these ideas through "difference" theories of sexuality (Butler, 1993). As in the past, these scholars have tended to empty individual subjectivity of its meaning and vitality, undermining the fact that sexuality is more of a shared project between culture and individual development (Hostetler & Herdt, 1998). One still routinely notices how recent accounts typify individual difference studies as "essentialist," the province of psychology or biology; conversely, studies pertaining to social differences were typified as "social constructionist," and thus belonging to anthropology or history, and so on (Robinson, 1976). It is timely to rethink the anachronistic character of such typifications in cross-cultural study.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10895249! 1053-2528 (Print)
Journal Article 10895249c San Francisco State University, Program in Human Sexuality Studies, CA 94132, USA. gherdt@sfsu.edu? h Herdt, Gilbert
Young, Judy
Kertzner, Robert M.
Foreman, Matthew
Diaz, Rafael
Ryan, Caitlin
Belkin, Aaron 2004 Homosexuality: From Declassification to Decriminalization. Where Do We Go From Here? Proceedings from a Panel: Convened by the National Sexuality Resource Center 71-81" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 1 3 homosexuality; history; futureh Panel discussion - Robert Kertzner; Matthew Foreman; Rafael Diaz; Caitlin Ryan; Aaron Belkin; Judy Young< http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/srsp.2004.1.3.71 c San Francisco State University, Program in Human Sexuality Studies, CA 94132, USA. gherdt@sfsu.edu doi:10.1525/srsp.2004.1.3.71
#~?
Herzog, D. 2006 Sexuality in the postwar west 144-171 Journal of Modern History 78 1 review; history; sexuality. This essay surveys a sampling of the best scholarship from the last few years on sexuality in the postwar era against the background of the work of the last two decades, and in so doing it shows both how far we have come and how much remains to be done. What becomes clear is that the history of sexuality, despite its recent booming growth, continues to reveal a propensity toward segmentation. This is not just because the scholarship is disparate in chronological and substantive focus and in tone, conceptual premises, and arguments--so that, for example, sweeping synthetic overviews sit awkwardly beside detailed investigations of single issues in contained contexts. Nor is it simply because analyses based on such sources as court cases obviously provide fundamentally different perspectives from those based on activist groups' manifestos or on popular magazines. The main trouble lies elsewhere: entire subsets of the field do not appear to be in conversation with each other at all. Heterosexuals' history, for instance, is often still divided from homosexuals', issues of reproduction and fertility control from issues of pleasure and practices, studies of the availability and quality of pornography from studies of the availability and quality of partnerships--almost as though they had transpired on different planets.
This propensity is all the more absurd in view of the most sophisticated and interesting findings of scholars of sexuality. Among other things, what we have learned is that sexual identities are fluid and historically and culturally variable, that heterosexual and homosexual individuals often have more in common with each other than do individuals within these two categories, and that practices that produce pleasure also have ramifications in the realm of fertility. Above all, what we need most pressingly is to talk with and learn from each other. Yet the non-conversations continue. Some scholars write about contraception as though they can imagine no sexual acts besides heterosexual coitus; the text that has a queer eye for heterosexuality, or that attempts to tell homosexual and heterosexual stories in juxtaposition and combination with one another, remains rare indeed. English Review
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Reprint available from: Herzog D CUNY, Grad Ctr New York, NY 10021 USA CUNY, Grad Ctr New York, NY 10021 USA 0066 J. Mod. Hist- 010RW-0066 010RW: Document Delivery available ?
Hewitt, Maria 2002 Attitudes toward Interview Mode and Comparability of Reporting Sexual Behavior by Personal Interview and Audio Computer-assisted Self-interviewing: Analyses of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth 3-26 Sociological Methods & Research 31 1
methods; CASI August 1, 20025 Respondents' attitudes toward audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI) relative to personal interviewing and comparability of reporting of the number of sex partners in the past year were assessed using the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. Few women indicated that the personal interview, relative to audio-CASI, provided more honest answers or greater comfort. However, minority group members, especially Hispanics, were more likely to prefer personal interviews. Most women (83.4 percent) provided consistent reports of number of sex partners on the two modes, 12.6 percent reported more sex partners with audio-CASI, and 4.0 percent reported more partners in the personal interview. Hispanic women and women of "other" race/ethnicity were significantly more likely to have decreased reporting of sex partners with audio-CASI. Further methodologic research is needed on mode effects among minority populations. Reporting errors associated with the data collection technology could obscure important findings.3 http://smr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/1/3 National Academy of Sciences 10.1177/0049124102031001001 ? Hicks, Stephen 2005q Is Gay Parenting Bad for Kids? Responding to the 'Very Idea of Difference' in Research on Lesbian and Gay Parents 153-168 Sexualities 8 29 gay/lesbian parenting, child development, christian right May 1, 2005
This article examines the claim that children of lesbians and gay men are different to those of heterosexuals, particularly in their gender and sexual identity. The author considers two examples, a UK Christian discourse opposed to all forms of lesbian and gay parenting and a US liberal equality approach, represented by the work of Stacey and Biblarz (2001). Both, the author argues, treat difference as a thing acquired by children. This article examines and disputes the ways in which this idea of difference is achieved, and proposes that treating gender and sexuality as measurable outcomes is highly problematic. The author argues for research that asks how contemporary discourses of sexuality actually maintain the very idea that lesbian and gay families are different.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/2/153 University of Salford, UK 10.1177/1363460705050852 ~? Hicks, S.
Watson, K. 2003; Desire lines: 'Queering' health and social welfare [Review] NIL_119-NIL_139 Sociological Research Online 8 1% identity; lesbian; gay; public health This article considers how knowledge about lesbians and gay men is produced in health and social welfare texts. It looks at the consequences of a reliance upon the liberal 'ethnic model' of sexuality. The authors provide a critique of 'anti-discriminatory practice' versions of sexuality categories which, in their view, assert the liberal model at the expense of ideas found in the sociological traditions of gay liberation, lesbian feminist, interactionist and queer/postmodern theories. Through a queer reading of health and social welfare texts specifically addressed to sexuality, the article considers the hierarchy of sexual knowledges which promote heteronormativity; the reliance upon fixed identity models of sexuality; the functionalist view of a "gay culture"; the silencing of lesbian feminism; and the traditionally gendered and fetishistic versions of 'the lesbian' produced. The authors argue against merely 'adding in' lesbians and gay men, and in terms of practice, encourage a reflexive engagement by all practitioners with the ways in which these dominant discourses concerning sexuality populate and discipline knowledges within health and social welfare. [References: 108] 108q English Review
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Reprint available from: Hicks S Univ Salford, Sch Community Hlth Sci & Social Care Salford M5 4WT Lancs England Univ Salford, Sch Community Hlth Sci & Social Care Salford M5 4WT Lancs England Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Dept Hlth Care Studies Manchester M15 6BH Lancs England 0008 Y Sociol. Res. Online1 654VH-0008 654VH: Document Delivery not availabled University of Salford, School of Community Health Science & Social Care Salford M5 4WT Lancs Englandyҿ?
Hird, Myra J. 2004= Chimerism, Mosaicism and the Cultural Construction of Kinship 217-232 Sexualities 7 2H kinship; heteronormativity; reproductive technologies; sexual difference May 1, 2004 This article introduces chimerism and mosaicism as two recent scientific discoveries' that present challenges to western heteronormative notions of kinship. Chimerism, in the form of xenotransplantation, already demands a rethinking of traditional boundaries between what is considered kin' and non-kin'. Recent biological studies describing chimerism as two genetically distinct cell lines in one organism not caused by transplantation, invites further questions regarding the stability of kinship ideology. The aim of the article is to argue, with anthropologists and feminist science studies scholars, that the western understanding of kinship relies upon a problematic use of nature', and that this dependence necessarily produces shifting and contradictory definitions of kinship.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/2/217 Sexualities Queen's University, Belfast 10.1177/1363460704042165~? Hirst, J. 2004q Researching young people's sexuality and learning about sex: experience, need, and sex and relationship education 115-129 Culture, Health & Sexuality 6 25 adolescents; sexuality education; in-depth case study This paper describes findings from an in-depth case study of young people's sexuality and learning about sex. Focus groups and unstructured interviews were conducted with young women and young men aged 15-16 years in a school in the north of England. Analysis focused on disjunctions between reported sexual behaviour in a park and in a bedsitting room, and the content of school sex and relationship education. Tensions between the accounts are considered for their impact on learning about sex, sexual negotiation, subjectivity and inter-generational understanding. Despite some negative experiences in sex education, the young people interviewed desired the affirmation and support of adults, and recommend sex and relationship education as the most appropriate vehicle for providing this. The value added outcomes of participation in the study, including consciousness and awareness raising, and the opportunity, for reflection and debate and selves as 'experts', enhanced young people's view that non-judgemental and meaningful advice and guidance are possible in formal learning contexts. Implications for future forms of sex and relationship education are discussed. [References: 27] 276 English Article
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Reprint available from: Hirst J Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sch Social Sci & Law Collegiate Crescent Campus Sheffield S10 2BP S Yorkshire England Sheffield Hallam Univ, Sch Social Sci & Law Sheffield S10 2BP S Yorkshire England 0002 Cult. Health Sex- 773RL-0002 773RL: Document Delivery available ~? Hoosen, S.
Collins, A. 2004X Sex, sexuality and sickness: Discourses of gender and HIV/AIDS among KwaZulu-Natal women 487-505# South African Journal of Psychology 34 3H HIV/AIDS; Sexual Behaviour; education; Focus Groups; Risk; InterventionsF Current HIV-prevention work indicates that simply providing HIV-related information plays a limited role in changing sexual practices, and instead stresses the need to address the social and cultural forces shaping individual behaviour. The aim of this study was thus to explore the social influences that shape women's sexual behaviour With specific attention given to discourses of gender and HIV/AIDS. Material was generated through seven focus group discussions with black women living in a peri-urban area in Durban, and was interpreted using discourse analysis. The study clarified the ways in which women are not necessarily in a position to make purely rational, individual decisions about safe sex, since these decisions are intimately linked to social constructions of sexuality and the power relations that operate in cultures. It identified specific cultural practices linked to the organisation of gender roles and how these influence safe sex practices. The analysis then examined the implications of these findings for future HIV/AIDS education interventions. [References: 45] 45 English Article, Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Collins A Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Psychol ZA-4041 Durban South Africa Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Psychol ZA-4041 Durban South Africa 0009 South Afr. J. Psychol- 997SU-0009 997SU: Document Delivery availableI University of KwaZulu Natal, Sch Psychol ZA-4041 Durban South Africa 0009G? Houlbrook, Matt 2001, Towards a Historical Geography of Sexuality 497-504 Journal of Urban History 27 4 space; book review This is a review of 3 books that relationship between sex and space is a historiographical issue. Queer Sites: Gay Urban Histories since 1600 editied by David Higgins, London, Routledge, 1999
Sex and the City: Geographies of Prostitution in the Urban West by Philip Hubbard, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1999
Sexual Geographies, New Formations by Frank Mort and Lynda Nead, Number 37,London, Laurence and Wishart,1990 New College, Oxford ?
Hubbard, Phil 20011 Sex Zones: Intimacy, Citizenship and Public Space 51-71 Sexualities 4 17 citizenship; fluidity; space; transgression; visibility February 1, 2001^ Recent studies of sexuality and space have demonstrated that public spaces are constructed around particular notions of appropriate sexual comportment which exclude those whose lives do not centre on monogamous, heterosexual, procreative sex. In a wider sense, such studies have noted that this spatial exclusion of sexual dissidents reflects (and reproduces) notions of citizenship based on heteronormality. Elaborating these ideas, this article proceeds to explore the way in which dissidents have transgressed public and civic spaces in their attempt to undermine this dominant notion of citizenship. In so doing, the article questions the idealization of public space as a site where new notions of sexual citizenship can be forged, arguing that the relationship between intimacy, citizenship and space is less straightforward than some commentators suggest.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/4/1/51 5 Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK 10.1177/1363460010040010038 ~? ( Hulton, L. A.
Cullen, R.
Khalokho, S. W. 2000\ Perceptions of the risks of sexual activity and their consequences among Ugandan adolescents 35-46 Studies in Family Planning 31 1/ adolecsents; Africa; Uganda; Sexual Attitudes; The principal aim of this study of adolescents in Mbale District, Uganda, is to provide program-related information about their behavior, motivations, and perceptions of risk with regard to pregnancy and HIV transmission. Twelve single-sex focus-group discussions were conducted, six with young people aged 17-18 who were still attending school, and six with people gf the same age who were not. The most important findings to emerge are that knowledge of safe-sex behavior and reported behavior have little in common and that the fundamental barriers to behavioral change within the economic and sociocultural context that molds the sexual politics of youth. Young males' lack of responsibility for the outcomes of their behavior is identified as an important barrier to improved sexual health. The imperative to explore ways by which young women might achieve status and identity and acquire material resources by means not related to their sexuality is highlighted. = English Article
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Reprint available from: Hulton LA Univ Southampton, Dept Social Stat Southampton SO17 Hants England Univ Southampton, Dept Social Stat Southampton SO17 Hants England Int Planned Parenthood Federat European Network New York, NY USA 0003 Stud. Fam. Plan- 300NW-0003 300NW: Document Delivery available ҿ? Izugbara, Chimaraoke Otutubikey 2005f The Socio-Cultural Context of Adolescents' Notions of Sex and Sexuality in Rural South-Eastern Nigeria 600-617 Sexualities 8 5c adolescent; education; social construction; Africa; Nigeria; sex; sexuality; socio-cultural context December 1, 2005 Interest in the socio-cultural context of adolescents' sexual knowledge and behaviour has proliferated recently. But the irony is that very little of this debate is informed by what adolescents themselves say about sex, sexuality, and their experiences of them. This study uses data emerging from a survey of adolescent boys in rural south-eastern Nigeria to track the influence of socio-cultural forces on adolescents' views of sex, sexuality, and sexual relationships. Findings suggest that social gatekeepers (parents, mass media, peers, teachers and others), local gender norms, and cultural narratives about sex, sexuality, and sexual expectations exert considerable influence on adolescents' ideas of sex, sexuality, and relationships. We argue that the mediation of adolescents' notions of sex and sexuality by prevailing and deeply embedded patriarchal norms of gender relations and sexuality may facilitate unsafe sexual practices among male adolescents and sustain the cultural devaluation of women. We conclude that sexuality education programmes urging courses of action, which involve only individual adolescents, must find ways to identify and reach out to those groups and individuals that are critical to shaping the behaviours and views of adolescents on sex and sexuality.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/5/600 Sexualities University of Uyo, Nigeria 10.1177/1363460705058396ֽ? Jackson,Peter A. 2000N An explosion of Thai identities: global queering and re-imagining queer theory 405 - 424 Culture, Health & Sexuality 2 4 Routledge* globalisation; gender; Thailand; eroticism This paper reflects on recent research on Thai discourses of gender and eroticism in order to problematize some of the universalist assumptions that have dominated discussion of the international proliferation of forms of erotic diversity. By mapping the proliferation of Thai gender/sex categories from the 1960s to the 1980s, the paper shows that Thai homoeroticisms are not converging towards Western models and points to the cultural limits of Foucauldian-modelled histories of sexuality. In particular, it demonstrates the inability of Foucauldian history of sexuality, and queer theoretical approaches drawing on Foucault, to account for shifts in Thai discourses in which gender and sexuality do not exist as distinct categories. Only when current feminist theories of gender and queer theories of sexuality are integrated so as to offer a unified account of the eroticization of gender, and the gendering of eroticism, will Western theoretical models be capable of mapping shifts in non-Western patterns of eroticism. 5 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13691050050174422 1369-1058 Culture, Health & SexualityV Australian National University, Research School of Asian and Pacific Studies, Canberra F? Jackson, Stevi
Kaloski, Ann 20040 Editorial: Representations and Lived Experiences Sexualities 7 2( theory; representation and/or experience The articles brought together in this special issue derive from a seminar series funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The seminars, hosted by the Centre for Women’s Studies at the University of York and the Centre for Interdisciplinary Gender Studies at the University of Leeds, aimed to draw out the complex interrelationship between the ways in which sexuality is represented and the ways in which sexual lives are lived. From the outset we assumed a broad definition of the term ‘representations’, taking in the ways in which sexuality is portrayed in factual and fictional media, in sex education and health promotion literature, in academic and political debates and in everyday talk about sexuality. In thinking about everyday experience, we were concerned not only to include a diversity of experience but also to focus on the ways in which sexuality is made meaningful in daily life. This is clearly crucial to our project since the contested meanings of the sexual circulating within and between public and private life are central to understanding the relationship between representations and lived experience. Public representations of sexuality draw on common-sense understandings of it and, conversely, wider representations of sexuality within our culture are resources from which we develop our stock of veryday common-sense knowledge. Hence this ‘sense-making’, both as it occurs in everyday life and the way it is practised in academic analysis, forms a common thread linking these articles together. Ҿ? Jackson, Stevi
Scott, Sue 2004# Sexual Antinomies in Late Modernity 233-248 Sexualities 7 2 pathology; modernity May 1, 2004 It is widely assumed that late modern societies are becoming progressively more sexually liberal, regardless of whether this is seen as beneficial or not. However, progress in this direction is, in actuality, very uneven and gives rise to a number of antinomies and associated anxieties. For example, in a society where erotic imagery is commonplace in the media, there are still enormous anxieties about preserving children's sexual innocence' (i.e. ignorance); gay and lesbian chic exists alongside continued homophobic harassment and violence; queer destabilization of heterosexual norms co-exits with claims for inclusion into homosexual institutions; tolerance of pre-marital, even casual, sex and of marital breakdown and serial relationships coexists with intolerance of teenage pregnancy and the continuing reification of monogamy. This article will explore such tensions, raising questions about the continued special status of sexuality and sexual relations.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/2/233 + Sexualities University of York 10.1177/1363460704042166~? Johnson, C. 2005i Narratives of identity: Denying empathy in conservative discourses on race, class, and sexuality [Review] 37-61 Theory & Society 34 1 identity; politics; narrative Issues of identity are crucial in current political debate. This article analyses narratives of identity using three very different examples, namely colonial-settler Australia, lesbian romance genres, and the role of class in contemporary American and British politics. It explores both privileged and marginalized identity narratives and the tensions between them. For example, lesbian romance narratives are contrasted with religious right arguments against same-sex marriage. Some argue that the complex intersections, compatibilities, and differences between conflicting narratives of identity reveal a great deal about how specific concepts of identity are formed. The narratives examined do not produce explicit binary constructions of dominant and subordinate identity categories. Rather, being able to imagine ( or not imagine) other narratives plays an important part in the process of constructing identities within these discourses. Narratives that foreclose empathy facilitate the denial that discrimination or subordination is taking place. Similarly, privileged narratives of identity facilitate subjects' ability to think well of themselves and their treatment of others. [References: 103] 103 English Review
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Reprint available from: Johnson C Univ Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Univ Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia 0002 Theory Soc- 903RL-0002 903RL: Document Delivery available( University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005 b?
Johnson, Paul 2004? Haunting Heterosexuality: The Homo/Het Binary and Intimate Love 183-200 Sexualities 7 2D relationships; identity; heterosexuality/homosexuality; subjectivity May 1, 2004 Changes in the social construction of sexuality and the arrangements of intimate relationships have been seen as the harbinger of greater fluidity in personal sexual identities and a disintegration of the homosexual/heterosexual distinction around which they are configured. Whilst the social and political contexts of sexual and intimate life may have changed, has the binary which underpins and organizes modern sexuality really altered? Using empirical data, from a study of heterosexuality and romantic love, I suggest that sexual identities, and the intimate relationships that depart from them, are founded through, and reiterate, highly rigid and defined borders. The data show that sexuality, far from being experienced as fluid and malleable, is felt as static and unchanging.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/2/183 University of Durham, UK 10.1177/1363460704042163 F~? Johnson, P.
Lawler, S. 2005 Coming home to love and class Sociological Research Online 10 3 relationships; social classX This article explores how romantic love, desire, and social class are mutually influencing factors in the formation and enactment of heterosexual intimate relationships. Using qualitative interview data from a study of heterosexuality and love we analyse some of the ways in which social class structures love relationships and, furthermore, how such relationships are a site in which class is 'done'. In particular, we explore a central paradox of the heterosexual love relationship: while heterosexuality relies upon the difference it creates in terms of sex and gender one other form of difference - class difference - is understood to be an obstacle to, if not antithetical to, a 'successful' relationship. Indeed, as we will show, this form of difference, for some people at least, is one that must be guarded and defended against. [References: 41] 41 English Article
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Reprint available from: Johnson P Univ Durham Durham DH1 3HP England 0006 Y Sociol. Res. Online1 010XM-0006 010XM: Document Delivery not available, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3HP England? Jones, Caroline 2005w Looking Like a Family: Negotiating Bio-Genetic Continuity in British Lesbian Families Using Licensed Donor Insemination 221-237 Sexualities 8 2D relationships; aritficial reproduction technologies; lesbian mothers May 1, 2005 Under current legal regulations, when undertaking donor insemination at British clinics, women are able to choose' particular characteristics of donors. It is also permissible to reserve sperm from a particular donor for future use. These provisions have traditionally been associated with facilitating heterosexual couples to pass' as the family'. In contrast, this article discusses the significance of these practices for some lesbian couples. I explore the construction of implied (racial and cultural) bio-genetic links between donor-conceived children and co-mothers, and to co-mothers' extended families. I also examine the use of the same donor for full' siblings. In conclusion I discuss some of the implications for our understanding of lesbian family construction.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/2/221 University of Southampton, UK 10.1177/1363460705050856 0 ? H S. C. Kalichman
L. C. Simbayi
D. Cain
C. Cherry
N. Henda
A. Cloete 2007\ Sexual assault, sexual risks and gender attitudes in a community sample of South African men 20-27 AIDS Care 19 1 pathology+ Sexual assault against women and HIV infection are both prevalent and related social problems in South Africa. The current study examined hostile attitudes toward women, acceptance of violence against women and masculine ideological beliefs in relation to sexual assault history among men in a Cape Town township in South African. Men (n/435) completed anonymous surveys of sexual assault history, HIV risk history and gender-based attitudes. More than one in five men in this community sample reported that they had either threatened to use force or used force to gain sexual access to a woman in their lifetime. Men with a history of sexual assault were at significantly higher risk for HIV transmission than their nonsexually assaultive counterparts. Men with a history of sexual assault were also more likely to endorse hostile attitudes toward women and were more likely to accept violence against women, although these attitudes and beliefs were prevalent and pervasive across men with and without histories of sexual assault. These findings extend previous research to show that men who have a history of sexual assault also exhibit elevated risks for HIV infection and transmission. Interventions are needed to address hostile attitudes toward women, sexual assault and sexual risks for HIV among South African men. University of Connecticut ~?
Kanuha, V. K. 2000 The impact of sexuality and race/ethnicity on HIV/AIDS risk among Asian and Pacific Island American (A/PIA) gay and bisexual men in Hawai'i 505-18 AIDS Education and Prevention 12 6J HIV; bisexuality; homosexuality; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/transmission Dec The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Asian and Pacific Island Americans (A/PIAs) has been relatively low in proportion to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States. However, HIV infection among A/PIA gay and bisexual men, and men who have sex with men has steadily increased in urban and other geographic areas with large Asian and Pacific Island populations. In this study of race/ethnicity and HIV risk among A/PIA gay and bisexual men in Hawai'i, respondents reported significant conflicts between loyalty to one's A/PIA family of origin and the enactment of individual sexual identity. Idealization of love and intimacy, intentional decisions to suspend safer sex practices, and Pacific Island cultural expressions of giving to others are all factors that may compromise HIV risk reduction in this population. Implications for HIV/AIDS prevention focus on integrating A/PIA, gay/bisexual, and "local" (born and raised in Hawai'i) identities in the development of multilevel interventions.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11220503B 0899-9546 (Print)
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 11220503M University of Hawai'i School of Social Work, Honolulu, USA. kanuha@hawaii.edu ~?
Keddie, A. 2006X Pedagogies and critical reflection: key understandings for transformative gender justice 99-114 Gender & Education 18 1 education; masculinities; boys; It is widely acknowledged that quality pedagogy is central to improving the educational outcomes of all students. In improving the social and academic outcomes of boys, and more specifically disengaged boys, the productive pedagogies model has been presented as a way forward. In terms of drawing on this model in socially just ways; to facilitate a broadening, rather than reinscribing of boys' narrow constructions of gender identity, this paper illustrates the imperative of teachers interacting with key feminist understandings of masculinity. Organized around the four dimensions of productive pedagogy, the paper draws on ( predominantly Australian-based) seminal work in the sphere of masculinities and schooling to discuss key strategies and initiatives for improving boys' educational outcomes. Against this backdrop, the paper demonstrates the importance of two principle understandings. The first relates to teachers understanding masculinity through feminist lenses, as constructed, regulated and maintained through inequitable social processes and the second relates to teachers understanding pedagogy as critical and transformative practice. These understandings are presented as vital to enabling gender justice. [References: 42] 42 English Article Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Keddie A Univ Queensland, Sch Educ St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia 0005 Gend. Educ- 958UO-0005 958UO: Document Delivery available> University of Queensland, Sch Educ St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia ? & Kelly, Brian C.
Munoz-Laboy, Miguel A. 2005M Sexual place, spatial change, and the social reorganization of sexual culture 359(8) Journal of Sex Research 42 43 Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Inc. space; place; This paper describes how the landscape of a public place in a New York City park embodies larger external structures within which sexual subjects actively organize local sexual culture. Controlling the configuration and utilization of such space is a technique of power used by the state apparatus. Based upon ethnographic fieldwork, we describe how the sexual culture situated within this public space is produced and reproduced in the micro-social practices of sexual subjects in the face of structural constraints. The social reorganization of sexuality occurs when subjects creatively refashion their local sexual culture through subtle alterations in the way they practice it. Such practical alterations occur in dialogue with larger structures. Ultimately, this analysis of sexual space in San Jose Park provides for an examination of the deployment of power and local sexual culture as the nexus of structure and agency. http://find.galegroup.com/itx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=EAIM&docId=A139601121&source=gale&srcprod=EAIM&userGroupName=latrobe&version=1.0 _ The Journal of Sex Research, COPYRIGHT 2005 Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Inc.B Columbia University, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, New York ? Kelly, D 2004% Male sexuality in theory and practice 341-356 Nursing Clinics of North America 39
disability] This article focuses on the importance of sexual function in the context of prostrate cancer. City University, London <7 k Kelly, J. A.
Amirkhanian, Y. A.
Kabakchieva, E.
Csepe, P.
Seal, D. W.
Antonova, R.
Mihaylov, A.
Gyukits, G. 2004} Gender roles and HIV sexual risk vulnerability of Roma (Gypsies) men and women in Bulgaria and Hungary: an ethnographic study 231-45 AIDS Care 16 2U gender; HIV; minority groups; methods; In-depth Interviews; Gypsies; Sexual Behavior; Feb Roma, the largest ethnic minority group in Central and Eastern Europe, have cultures that are traditional, often closed, and autonomous of majority populations. Roma communities are characterized by pervasive social health problems, widespread poverty, limited educational opportunities, and discrimination. Although some evidence suggests high levels of HIV sexual risk behaviour among Roma, little is known about the cultural and social context in which risk behaviour occurs. In-depth interviews were used to elicit detailed information about types of sexual partnerships and sexual risk behaviour practices occurring in them, use and perception of protection, knowledge and beliefs about AIDS and STDs, and sexual communication patterns in a sample of 42 men and women aged 18-52 living in Roma community settlements in Bulgaria and Hungary. Analysis of the interview data revealed that men have great sexual freedom before and during marriage, engage in a wide range of unprotected practices with primary and multiple outside partners, and have much more relationship power and control. In contrast, women are expected to maintain virginity before marriage and then sexual exclusivity to their husbands. Condom use is not normative and is mainly perceived as a form of contraception. Although awareness of AIDS was common, it was generally not perceived as a personal threat. Misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted are widespread, and women - in particular - had very little knowledge about STDs, HIV transmission, and protective steps. There is an urgent need for the development of HIV prevention programs culturally sensitive to Roma populations in Eastern Europe, where HIV rates are rapidly rising.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14676028 d P30-mh57226/mh/nimh
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 14676028 Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Milwaukee, 53202, USA. kdemming@mcw.edu. eng ~? * Kelly, J. A.
Sogolow, E. D.
Neumann, M. S. 2000 Future directions and emerging issues in technology transfer between HIV prevention researchers and community-based service providers 126-41 AIDS Education and Prevention 12 5 Suppl! methods; technology transfer; HIVl The public health objective of preventing new HIV infections can be achieved only through effective information exchange among service providers, researchers, and policymakers. The potential for successful transfer of research-based HIV prevention technology to service providers will be enhanced if investigators take into account in the research planning stage how interventions will be used in the field, seek early input from community members and service providers, test variations of interventions that may increase their practicality in applied settings, and determine the cost and effectiveness of intervention delivery. Strategies are needed to ensure that the experiences of service providers help to inform the HIV prevention research agenda, improve service organization infrastructure and capacity development, and facilitate organizational networking so that providers can use new-generation HIV prevention interventions. Policies are needed to facilitate the development of intervention packages, training, and ongoing technical assistance for service providers in implementing effective HIV prevention interventions.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11063075F 0899-9546 (Print)
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 11063075 Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Milwaukee 53202, USA. ~? Kendall, L. 2000? "Oh no! I'm a nerd!" - Hegemonic masculinity on an online forum 256-274 Gender & Society 14 2 internet; gender; In this article, the author presents findings based on her research on BlueSky, an online interactive text based forum. She discusses BlueSky participants 'online performances of gendered and raced identities. participants interpret their own and others 'identities within the context of expectations and assumptions derived from offline U.S. culture, as well as from their membership in various computer-related subcultures. Given the predominance of white men on BlueSky, such identity interpretations also rely on expectations concerning masculinity and whiteness. The author explores BlueSky participants' understandings of themselves as "nerds" and considers the implications of this nerd identity for their relationship to hegemonic masculinity, especially to expectations of heterosexuality. Analyzing online identity performances in this way provides information pertaining not just to online interaction hut to a better understanding of the social construction of gendered and raced identities more generally. [References: 17] 17 English Article
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Reprint available from: Kendall L SUNY Coll Purchase, Social Sci Sci 735 Anderson Hill Rd Purchase, NY 10577 USA SUNY Coll Purchase, Social Sci Sci Purchase, NY 10577 USA 0003 Gend. Soc- 299HG-0003 299HG: Document Delivery available%~? 6 Kennamer, J. D.
Honnold, J.
Bradford, J.
Hendricks, M. 2000~ Differences in disclosure of sexuality among African American and White gay/bisexual men: implications for HIV/AIDS prevention 519-31 AIDS Education and Prevention 12 61 homosexuality; hiv; bisexuality; truth disclosure Dec Gay and bisexual men were asked if they had disclosed their sexuality to family members, heterosexual friends, gay friends, coworkers, health care workers, and members of their church; if they had been associated with groups made up of gays, bisexuals, and lesbians; and if they had gay/bisexual friends. White men were much more likely to disclose their sexuality, to have associated with groups and to have gay/bisexual friends. As education increased, white men were more likely, and African American men less likely, to disclose sexuality and associate with groups. Having gay/bisexual friends increased with education with both groups. The difference in disclosure can be traced to the higher social stigma apparently attached to being gay in the African American community, which may be exacerbated for more educated men. As a result, African American gay men may be less likely to participate in the fight against HIV/AIDS.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11220504X 0899-9546 (Print)
Comparative Study
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 11220504w Virginia Commonwealth University, Survey and Evaluation Research Laboratory, Richmond 23284, USA. jkenna@saturn.vcu.edu <7 Kiapi-Iwa, L.
Hart, G. J. 2004 The sexual and reproductive health of young people in Adjumani district, Uganda: qualitative study of the role of formal, informal and traditional health providers 339-47 AIDS Care 16 3X health; Africa; Uganda; sexual behavior; contraception behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies AprZ This qualitative study of young people and health care workers in Adjumani, northern Uganda, found that young people are generally very knowledgeable about STD spread and prevention as well as methods for prevention of pregnancy. Health workers are the most important category of people providing information on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) for young people. However, many health workers are conservative with regard to adolescent sexuality. There is a lack of training in and guidelines for working with adolescents. This, along with inadequate access to SRH services for young people, accounts for the failure to adequately deal with young people's problems. Physical, social, psychological and economic factors create barriers to service accessibility. Socio-economic, religious and cultural factors affect sexual behaviour and outcomes in Adjumani district, making some young people vulnerable, particularly young women. In an effort to find alternative services that meet their needs better, young people visit informal and traditional health care providers despite having to pay for these services. The confidentiality and privacy that they offer could be a lesson for formal health care providers. Further training and integration of traditional health care providers is essential as they already play a major part in SRH service delivery to young people.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15203427 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 15203427A University of Glasgow, Department of Public Health, Scotland, UK. eng ҿ? Kimmel, Michael 20061 Ritualized Homosexuality in a Nacirema Subculture 95-105 Sexualities 9 15 homosexuality; anthropology; ritualized homosexuality February 1, 2006q Students of anthropology have long been aware of the esoteric customs of the Nacirema, a culture situated in the northern hemisphere in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and the Arawak of the Antilles (see Miner, 1956). According to Horace Miner, the Michigan anthropologist who first discovered them, the Nacirema exhibit a strange and almost perverse preoccupation with the body and its ritual purification, spending enormous amounts of time and exchanging significant amounts of currencies to purify what they believe is an essentially disgusting and fetid physical form. We have recently become aware of an even more esoteric subculture among the Nacirema, one more curiously preoccupied with body ritual, and especially with ritualized homosexuality. This subculture, known as the Tarfs , is the subject of this essay. http://sexualities.sagepub.com Sexualities 10.1177/1363460706060695 ~? Kim-Puri, H. J. 2005? Conceptualizing gender-sexuality-state-nation - An introduction 137-159 Gender & Society 19 2. feminism; globalization; politics; citizenship The purpose of this issue is to highlight and to theorize the mutually constitutive relations of state, nation, sexuality, and gender. To bring these concepts and social structures into the same analytical field, we rely on transnational feminist theory. In the following sections of this Introduction, we discuss the importance of transnational feminist studies, define what we mean by transnational feminist sociology in particular, and elaborate on what we find useful about these approaches as methodologies. Our position is that transnational feminist sociology can extend and helpreframe analyses by “denaturalizing” states and nations, while also unraveling their material and cultural linkages with sexuality and gender.The main objectives of this issue are to foreground theways that gender, sexuality, state, and nation are mutually constituted; foster feminist understandings and criticisms of globalization and transnationalization; analyze the changing but not diminishing force of nationalisms and states on social groups; undo naturalized geopolitical boundaries; and integrate empirical research that illustrates the cultural/material meanings and relationships. The six articles included in this issue analyze these interconnections from the vantage points of groups located across various spatial and cultural nodes: Mapuche indigenous women in Chile; lesbis and tombois in Padang, Indonesia; Tamil and Sinhala women in Sri Lanka; European sex workers in colonial Bombay, India; working-class, gay-identified Filipino men in Malate, the Philippines; and ethnic Indian women in South Africa. Our overall objective is not to learn something newand interesting about these (and so-called other) cultures, groups, and practices; nor is it to simply add issues to the substantial body of feminist literature. Rather, it is to rethink and reframe the ways that state, nation, gender, and sexuality are mutually constituted. English Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 14
Reprint available from: Kim-Puri HJ Simmons Coll, Dept Sociol 300 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115 USA Simmons Coll, Dept Sociol Boston, MA 02115 USA 0001 Gend. Soc- 905XN-0001 905XN: Document Delivery available= Simmons Coll, Dept Sociol 300 The Fenway Boston, MA 02115 USA ~? ! Kippax, S.
Aggleton, P.
Crewe, M. 2003m Editorial introduction. HIV/AIDS prevention and education in context: current perspectives, future challenges 291-3 AIDS Education and Prevention 15 4 education; health priorities AugE Editorial Introduction to AIDS Education and Prevention Volumn 15 (4)e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14516014 0899-9546 (Print)
Editorial 14516014? Klesse, Christian 2005L Bisexual Women, Non-Monogamy and Differentialist Anti-Promiscuity Discourses 445-464 Sexualities 8 4 bisexuality, non-monogamy October 1, 2005 Popular discourses on bisexuality assume a peculiar interrelation between bisexuality and non-monogamy. Drawing upon qualitative research in gay male and bisexual non-monogamies in the UK, this article explores bisexual women's accounts on the effects of promiscuity allegations on non-monogamous sexual and relationship practice. Due to the prominence of gender as a differentializing factor in the discourses on promiscuity, to be publicly known as bisexual and non-monogamous tends to have particularly stigmatizing effects on women. The issue is further complicated by the intersection of promiscuity discourses with discourses on race/ethnicity and class. The regimes of violence that go hand in hand with the stigmatization through promiscuity allegations police women's sexual behaviour making it more risky for women of certain positioning to come out or move and socialize in certain cultural contexts.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/4/445 Keele University, UK 10.1177/1363460705056620 [<7 Klugman, B. 2000O Sexual rights in southern Africa: a Beijing discourse or a strategic necessity? 144-73 Health Hum Rights 4 2R rights; regulation; social justice; violence; Africa; Southern Africa; sexuality; Z This article explores the meaning of sexual rights as interpreted by different stakeholders during the development of the Beijing Programme of Action and within the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It illustrates how the lack of sexual rights as understood in the African context results from poverty as well as gender inequality, particularly in sexual relationships. This lack is manifested in the circumstances surrounding the HIV/AIDS pandemic and violence against women. In the European context, in contrast, sexual rights claims are motivated specifically in relation to sexual orientation. The article explores the extent to which these different discourses are being addressed in practice in SADC member countries and the opportunities that exist for building a concrete practice of sexual rights both in the region and internationally.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10796973 Journal Article
United states 1079-0969 (Print) Health and human rights 10796973G Women's Health Project, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. eng <7
Knauft, B. M. 2003a What ever happened to ritualized homosexuality? Modern sexual subjects in Melanesia and elsewhere 137-59 Annu Rev Sex Res 14 homosexuality; social values In this paper, I examine the legacy of ritualized homosexuality as a behavioral practice and as an analytic category of research in Melanesia since the early 1980s. A case study of striking change among the Gebusi of Papua New Guinea suggests that ritualized homosexuality and insemination of boys have become behaviorally vestigial or moribund and that characterizing sexual practices in these terms has been difficult to begin with (as the original proponent of these terms has himself suggested). Historical change in Melanesia reveals linkage between the contemporary construction of heterosexual norms and desires for locally modern development and progress. A larger issue is how researchers of sexuality may unwittingly accept Western ideologies of sexual choice and freedom while positing historical and non-Western practices as culturally bound rather than being open to individual exploration and interpersonal diversity.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15287161 Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 15287161a Emory University, Department of Anthropology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. knauft@learnlink.emory.edu eng~; Kobayashi, A.
Ray, B. 2000Z Civil risk and landscapes of marginality in Canada: a pluralist approach to social justice 401-417& Canadian Geographer-Geographe Canadien 44 4M space; sexual rights; civil risk; social justice; Canada; critical geography; The geographies of civil risk human rights and social justice in relation to a pluralist notion of justice lie at the heart of this paper We define civil risk as a failure of human rights, brought about by institutional processes constructed over time, space and place, which create disadvantages for marginalized social groups. Geography is integral both to civil risk and social justice because marginalization is a spatial process articulated through the deployment of institutional power across space to create socially constructed differences between dominant and subordinate groups. In this respect, we emphasize that rights are constructed in relation to dominant interests, and not according to the conditions of risk that give rise to marginalized individuals and groups. Drawing on research in social theory that emphasizes the importance of positionality and social difference, the paper argues that a principle of risk rather than rights must motivate social justice. We examine distinct forms Of marginalization in Canada - gender, sexual orientation, 'race' and aboriginal status - to illustrate the importance of the historica-geographical context of marginalization and the paradoxical nature of the relationship between risk and rights. In considering these forms of marginality and their landscapes, we argue the need for a pluralist notion of justice that will explicitly take positionality into account in achieving equality rights, reducing civil risk and mediating shared spaces. [References: 86] 86 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Kobayashi A Queens Univ, Dept Geog Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Queens Univ, Dept Geog Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada Citizen & Immigrat Canada Ottawa ON K1A 1L1 Canada 0007 Can. Geogr.-Geogr. Can- 421GU-0007 421GU: Document Delivery availabler from the perspective of social geographers - views marginalisation as a spacial process in a constructed landscape ? Kulick, Don 2000 Gay and Lesbian Language 243 Annual Review of Anthropology 29* language; homosexuality; sexuality; desireF The past two decades have witnessed a minor explosion in publication dealing with the ways in which gay men and lesbians use language. In fact, though, work on the topic has been appearing in several sisciplines since 1940s. This review charts the history of research on "gay and lesbian language", detailing earlier concerns and showing how work of the 1980s and 1990s both grows out of and differs from previous scholarship. Through a critical analysis of key assumptions that guide research, this review argues that gay and lesbian language does not and cannot exist in the way in which it is widely imagined to do. the review concludes withthe suggestion that scholars abandon the search for gay and lesbian language and move on to develop and refine concepts that permit the study of language and sexuality, and language and desire.? 4 Heidi S Kulkin
Elizabeth A Chauvin
Gretchen A Percle 2000V Suicide among Gay and lesbian Adolescents and Young Adults: A Review of the Literature 1-29 Journal of Homosexuality 40 1
adolescent This paper explores the issue of suicide among gay and lesbian adolescents and young adults, as well as provides information to guide clinicians in working effectively with this population. $ ? Kevin Lalor 2004= Child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review 439 - 460 Child Abuse and Neglect 28( adolescent; sexual abuse; Africa; reviewJ Objective: This article reviews the English-language literature on child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
The focus is on the sexual abuse of children in the home/community, as opposed to the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Methods: English language, peer-reviewed papers cited in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) are examined. Reports from international and local NGOs and UN agencies are also examined. Results: Few published studies on the sexual abuse of children have been conducted in the region, with the exception of South Africa. Samples are predominantly clinical or University based. A number of studies report that approximately 5% of the sample reported penetrative sexual abuse during their childhood. No national survey of the general population has been conducted. The most frequent explanations for the sexual abuse of children in SSA include rapid social change, AIDS/HIV avoidance strategies and the patriarchal nature of society. Child sexual abuse is most frequently perpetrated by family members, relatives, neighbors or others known to the child. Conclusions: There is nothing to support the widely held view that child sexual abuse is very rare in SSA— prevalence levels are comparable with studies reported from other regions. The high prevalence levels of AIDS/HIV in the region expose sexually abused children to high risks of infection. It is estimated that, approximately .6–1.8% of all children in high HIV-incidence countries in Southern Africa will experience penetrative sexual abuse by an AIDS/HIV infected perpetrator before 18 years of age. Dublin Institute of Technologyz? Lambert, Helen
Wood, Kate 2005 A comparative analysis of communication about sex, health and sexual health in India and South Africa: Implications for HIV prevention 527 - 541 Culture, Health and Sexuality 7 6 Routledge sexual health, HIV This paper provides a comparative analysis of modes of dialogue, non-verbal communication and embodied action relating to sex and health in two contrasting countries - India and South Africa - which have the world's two most heavily HIV-affected populations (in terms of numbers of people living with HIV). Drawing on material derived from multiple studies, including ethnographic and other forms of qualitative and multi-disciplinary research, the paper identifies commonalities as well as differences in communication relating to sex and sexual health in these diverse settings. The paper considers: first, how and by whom sex is and is not talked about, in public discourse and private conversation; second, how sexual intention and desire are communicated through indirect, non-verbal means in everyday life; and third, how references to sexuality and the sexual body re-enter within a more explicit set of indigenous discourses about health (rather than 'sexual health' per se), such as semen loss in India and womb 'dirtiness' in South Africa. The concluding section reflects on the implications of a comparative analysis such as this for current policy emphases on the importance of promoting verbal communication skills as part of 'life skills' for HIV prevention.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13691050500245818 1369-1058 %[ September 06, 2007 University of Bristol ? Lambevski, Sasho Alexander 2005H Bodies, Schizo Vibes and Hallucinatory Desires - Sexualities in Movement 570-586 Sexualities 8 53 theory; desire; fantasy; cultural and social theory December 1, 2005P The essay is a philosophical meditation on some of the limitations of contemporary cultural and social theory of sexuality, which views it as a subject-position(ality), nicely and relatively stably wrapped under the epidermal cover of an individual human body. Through a Deleuzean reading of two liminal sexual experiences, the essay urges to rethink human corporeality, gender, sexuality, desire and pleasure along the lines of a vocabulary and epistemology that is sensitive to (affective) intensity, flux, and the sensual assembling of human and non-human elements into a pleasure machine.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/5/570 E University of New South Wales, National Centre in HIV Social Research 10.1177/1363460705058394<7 4 Langhaug, L. F.
Cowan, F. M.
Nyamurera, T.
Power, R. 2003M Improving young people's access to reproductive health care in rural Zimbabwe 147-57 AIDS Care 15 2D health; education; Africa; Zimbabwe; Health Services Accessibility; Apro The aim of this study was to explore ways to improve the accessibility of clinics for young people with reproductive health problems in rural Zimbabwe. This study, which took place in rural Masvingo, was part of a project to develop a comprehensive adolescent reproductive health intervention for Zimbabwean youth. Six focus group discussions were held with secondary school pupils aged 16-19; four focus group discussions were held with nurses. Additionally, 16 community meetings with parents of adolescents were observed. The data were analyzed using the principles of grounded theory: three main categories and several sub-categories emerged from the data. The accessibility of existing services for young people was poor, partly because nurses were reluctant to provide such services due to lack of clarity in legislation and also through fear of condoning adolescent sexual activity. Although the clinical acumen of staff was recognized as sound, service delivery was perceived to be judgemental and lacking in confidentiality and privacy. This reflects the cultural context in which services are delivered. Culturally, adolescents are deemed to be children and as such to have few rights. There is a widely held belief that teaching young people about sex will promote sexual activity. Our findings suggested that staff training should focus on attitudinal rather than medical issues.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12856336 5 Regai Dzive Shiri Study Group
Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 12856336; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. eng g~? Leclerc-Madlala, S. 2001E Virginity testing: managing sexuality in a maturing HIV/AIDS epidemic 533-52 Medical Anthropology Quarterly 15 4f gender; social construction; Africa; South Africa; gender identity; sexual abstinence; social control, Dec KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa is currently the site of the world's fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemic, where it is estimated that between 30 and 40 percent of the adult population is seropositive for HIV. With support from local politicians and members of various government ministries, several self-styled guardians of tradition have emerged to form organizations that advocate and conduct regular virginity testing of girls. Reference to the current HIV/AIDS epidemic is central to calls for greater support of this practice. Drawing on original research among Zulu-speaking people in the periurban communities of Durban, this article examines the sociocultural construction of HIV/AIDS and locates the growing popularity of virginity testing within a gendered meaning-making process consistent with commonly held beliefs that the epidemic is the result of women being sexually "out of control." With the social impact of AIDS starting to take its toll in the forms of increasing AIDS-related deaths and a growing population of orphans, I argue that virginity testing is an attempt to manage the epidemic by exerting greater control over women and their sexuality. In addition, virginity testing of girls helps to draw attention away from the role of men in the maturing epidemic, consideration of which has been conspicuously absent in the popular discourse on AIDS at all levels of South African society.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11794875! 0745-5194 (Print)
Journal Article 117948750 University of Natal, Department of Anthropology. >ֿ? Lemke,Thomas 2003J Comment on Nancy Fraser: Rereading Foucault in the Shadow of Globalization 172-179 Constellations 10 2 theory; Foucault; " Nancy Fraser's interpretation of Foucault as theorist of fordist discipline is suprising for two reasons. First, Foucoult clearly wrote not only about power and siscipline, but also about different experiences, discourses, episteme, and technologies of the self - aqll central conceptsat different points of his theoretical work. Moreover , his historical analyses concentrated on a era that came long before fordism: aside from his last works, Foucault's investigations were confined to the period from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century.@ http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8675.00322 Constellations doi:10.1111/1467-8675.00322 "<7 Leonard, L. 2000> Interpreting female genital cutting: moving beyond the impasse 158-90 Annu Rev Sex Res 11 circumcision, female; review Female genital cutting has been practiced in many parts of the world but is now most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Particularly in the last half-century, genital cutting ceremonies have attracted significant scientific and media attention. I review some of the most frequently referenced interpretations of female genital cutting and suggest that ways of explaining such practices are limited. I indicate that the study of genital cutting practices is at an impasse--with absolutists arguing that intervention to stop the procedure is required and relativists asserting that outsiders have either no right or no ability to impose such change upon others. Data from fieldwork conducted among the Sara, an ethnic group from the south of Chad, highlight the diversity in genital cutting ceremonies that is not currently represented in the literature or acknowledged in popular discourse. Some of the Sara subgroups have only recently adopted female genital cutting. Young girls have been at the forefront of this movement, and parents, village elders, and religious and traditional leaders have been vehement opponents. The usual explanatory concepts--religion, tradition, patriarchy--are not referenced in participants' descriptions of their reasons for undergoing the procedure. Strategies for approaching the study of female genital cutting are presented as ways to bring fresh perspectives to the literature and to move discussion of female genital cutting beyond the current impasse.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11351831 { Case Reports
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 11351831 Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room 7142, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. lleonard@jhsph.edu eng ~? Levesque, R. J. R. 2000K Sexuality education - What adolescents' educational rights require [Review] 953-988 Psychology, Public Policy, & Law 6 4/ Review; Sex-education; Risk-factors; Pregnancy;h Sexuality education continues to fail youths and society. Research reveals a pressing need for reform in the manner in which adolescents receive, learn, and practice information relating to their sexual development and their intimate relationships. However, legal systems generally fail to provide opportunities for such experiences. This article reviews reasons for the policy failure and suggests that the legal system can be harnessed to ensure adolescents' right to sexuality education. The proposal rests on the democratic notion that society must prepare youths for their future and for immediate social participation. Taking that fundamental truth as a starting point allows for rethinking how schools prepare youths for responsible citizenship, including the manner in which youths treat others and themselves in their intimate relationships. [References: 145] 145 English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Levesque RJR Univ Arizona, Dept Psychol, Psychol Program POB 210068 Tucson, AZ 85721 USA Indiana Univ, Dept Criminal Justice Bloomington, IN 47405 USA 0004 Psychol. Public Policy Law- 450EV-0004 450EV: Document Delivery availablek~? Lewis, L. J.
Kertzner, R. M. 2003W Toward improved interpretation and theory building of African American male sexualities 383-95 Journal of Sex Research 40 4% theory; masculinity; African American Nov This paper examined five challenges to clear understanding of African American male sexualities: incorrect assumptions of African American homogeneity; an underemphasis on developmental change, the contexts and the meanings of sexual behaviors; and a lack of compelling theoretical grounding for African American sexualities. Critical elements for effective theorizing and research about African American sexualities (i.e. multiple levels of analysis, examination of phenomenological meaning of sexuality, measurement of dynamic/developmental change) were outlined and candidate theories within sexual science (social exchange theories, symbolic interactionism, sexual scripting theory) were analyzed in light of these elements. It is suggested that a re-orientation of sex research about African American men using these elements will result in improved understanding of African American sexualities in multiple contexts.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14735412( 0022-4499 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 14735412H Columbia University and Sarah Lawrence College, USA. ljl70@columbia.edu. ~?
Lim, K. F. 2004\ Where love dares (not) speak its name: The expression of homosexuality in Singapore [Review] 1759-1788
Urban Studies 41 9N space; regulation; theory; social construction; morality; gender; power; arts; Adopting Henri Lefebvre's spatial conceptual triad, this paper provides a critical investigation into the socio-spatial expression of homosexuality in Singapore. It explores how social space is not ontological, but constructed and reinforced as heterosexual. Specifically, an analysis is made of the roles of statistics, educational content and legal tools in fortifying heteronormativity. However, this paper contends that homosexuals in Singapore are not merely passive subjects entirely dominated by heterosexual norms/regulations. They have demonstrated, through subtle strategies of overt expressions in public spaces, that they are conscious and creative agents who are able to contest the heteronormative milieu in which they live. This is exemplified by the successful organisation of the 'Nation' party by homosexuals in the past three years and the rise in artistic expressions of homosexual-related themes/issues. Of course, the extent to which homosexuals are allowed to transgress heterosexual norms remains contingent on dominant (heterosexual) actors, and the paper critically interrogates why they have been allowed more space to do so in recent years. [References: 153] 153 English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Lim KF Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog 1 Arts Link Singapore 117570 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Geog Singapore 117570 Singapore 0008 Urban Stud- 843EX-0008 843EX: Document Delivery availableI National University of Singapore, Dept Geog, Arts Link, Singapore 117570 ҿ? Lindenmeyer, Antje 2006L 'Lesbian Appetites': Food, Sexuality and Community in Feminist Autobiography 469-485 Sexualities 9 4 feminism; identity; food October 1, 2006p Food and its emotional and political significance pervades autobiographical writing by lesbians. This article traces the connections between food, sexuality and identity through four exemplary texts - Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, Audre Lorde's Zami, Dorothy Allison's A Lesbian Appetite' and Anna Livia's Tongues or Fingers' - where food is crucial in both defining and contesting lesbian identity, sexuality and community. Food memories and histories are portrayed as constitutive of the self, reaching back to childhood and images of home'. On the other hand, they are also related to the social context of class inequalities and gendered hierarchies. Within these autobiographical narratives, food both constitutes and expresses a sense of self, playing a crucial part in the construction of the writers' complex, multi-layered narratives of identity.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/4/469 Sexualities University of Warwick, UK ?
Jo Lindsay 2005 N Getting the Numbers: The Unacknowledged Work in Recruiting for Survey Research 119-128
Field Methods 17 1: methods; youth; recruitment; research process; gatekeepers February This article reflects on the work of recruiting participants for survey research. Published accounts in this area frequently neglect complex and time-consuming elements of the recruiting process. These are negotiating access with gatekeepers, negotiating the cooperation of participants, and emotional engagement in the recruitment process. This article describes these processes through the example of recruiting nonprofessional young workers for a survey on sex, drugs, and drinking. The challenges of recruiting for a quantitative study where there is limited rather than prolonged engagement in the field are examined in detail, and strategies for overcoming recruitment barriers are offered.4 http://fmx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/1/119 Monash University &F? Linneman, Thomas J 2005b Conference Report - Sexuality Studies at the 2004 American Sociological Association Annual Meeting" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2 1 sociology, \ The area of sexuality studies is by its very nature inter-disciplinary. However, a disproportionate amount of current research on the topic seems to be coming out of the field of sociology. Perhaps my perception is colored by the fact that last August at the American Sociological Association (ASA) Annual Meeting in San Fransisco, where, over a period of five days, I attended 30 talks on sexuality related topics. I came away feeling very positive about sociologies place in sexuality studies and in the fields ability to contribute valuable research that will influence social policy in years to come. <7 Lippa, R. A. 2005" Sexual orientation and personality 119-53 Annu Rev Sex Res 16# orientation; methods; meta analysis The relation between sexual orientation and personality was examined in a meta-analysis with a total sample of 2,724 heterosexual men, 799 gay men, 157 bisexual men, 5,053 heterosexual women, 697 lesbian women, and 317 bisexual women. Self-ascribed masculinity-femininity (Self-M-F) and gender-related interests showed the largest heterosexual-homosexual differences (respective ds = .60 and 1.28 for men, and -1.28 and -1.46 for women) and the largest sex differences (respective ds = 2.83 and 2.65). Instrumentality and expressiveness showed much smaller heterosexual-homosexual and sex differences. Big Five traits showed a number of small-to-moderate heterosexual-homosexual and sex differences. Bisexual men were much more like gay men than like heterosexual men in their Self-M-F and gender-related interests, whereas bisexual women were intermediate between lesbian and heterosexual women. Homosexual participants were more variable on some gender-related traits than same-sex heterosexuals were. The gender inversion hypothesis-that gay men's traits tend to be somewhat feminized and that lesbians' traits tend to be somewhat masculinized-received considerable support. Results are discussed in terms of biological and psychosocial theories of gender and sexual orientation.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16913290 + Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 16913290a California State University, Department of Psychology, Fullerton 92834, USA. rlippa@fullerton.edu eng
F? ! Little, Christie
Byers, E. Sandra 2000; Differences Between Positive and Negative Sexual Cognitions' The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 9 3 desire; fantasy; methods; The current study investigates factors that influence individuals to appraise their experience of the same sexual cognition (i.e., sexual thought or fantasy) as positive on one occasion and negative on another. Participants were 35 men and 50 women who experienced at least one of three sexual cognitions as positive and negative under different circumstances. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed both the frequencies of these cognitions and the factors associated with their being experienced positively (positive sexual cognitions) or negatively (negative sexual cognitions). Both sexes reported having experienced the positive sexual cognitions more often than the negative ones although the men had the positive cognitions, but not the negative ones, more often than did the women. The positive cognition was more likely than the negative one to occur in a public place, to be intentional (as opposed to being thought of unbidden), to last longer, to occur when the participant was in a better mood, to be associated with more positive feelings and more attraction toward the person in the cognition, and to result in better feelings about self and higher sexual arousal. In response to an open-ended question, participants identified the affect surrounding the sexual cognition as the most important factor in determining their appraisal of it as positive or negative. These and other findings from the study highlight the importance of distinguishing between positive and negative sexual cognitions in research on sexual thoughts and fantasies. 167 University of New Brunswick ~? Liu, C. 2000 A theory of marital sexual life 363-374 Journal of Marriage & the Family 62 2- sexual behaviour; Coital frequency; Marriage; Why does the frequency of marital sex decrease with marital duration Does the probability of involvement in extramarital sex increase or decrease with marital duration, and why? I develop a theory to answer these questions. I apply the law of diminishing marginal utility and human capital theory to explain the basic observed decline in the frequency of marital sex with marital duration. Based on the above explanation, I develop a discussion on the relationship between marital duration and extramarital sex, and I derive two hypotheses, which are supported by statistical analyses of the National Health and Social Life Survey data. [References: 34] 34 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Liu C Wagner Coll, Dept Sociol Anthropol Parker Hall Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA Wagner Coll, Dept Sociol Anthropol Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA 0006 J. Marriage Fam- 318WB-0006 318WB: Document Delivery availableJ Wagner College, Dept Sociol Anthropol Parker Hall Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA ? Loftus, Jeni 2001H America's Liberalization in Attitudes toward Homosexuality, 1973 to 1998 762-782 American Sociological Review 66 5! American Sociological Association
homosexuality= Using General Social Survey data from 1973 to 1998, changing American attitudes toward homosexuality are examined. Two hypotheses are tested: (1) Can changes in attitudes be accounted for by the changing demographics of the population? (2) Are changing attitudes toward homosexuality embedded within larger cultural ideological shifts ? The data indicate that Americans distinguish between the morality of homosexuality and the civil liberties of homosexuals. Americans became increasingly negative regarding the morality of homosexuality through 1990, but since then their attitudes have become increasingly liberal. The same 25-year period witnessed a steady decline in Americans' willingness to restrict the civil liberties of homosexuals. Changes in American demographics-particularly increasing educational levels-and changing cultural ideological beliefs can account for only about one-half of the change over time in attitudes toward homosexuality. Several theories are put forth to explain these patterns of change and the distinction made between morality and civil liberties.[ http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1224%28200110%2966%3A5%3C762%3AALIATH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 0003-1224
Article type: Full Length Article / Full publication date: Oct., 2001 (200110). / Copyright 2001 American Sociological Association !~? Long, L. D. 2004P Anthropological perspectives on the trafficking of women for sexual exploitation 5-31 International Migration 42 1! pathology; kinship; trafficking; The sexual exchange of girls and women embodies deep cultural practices and is historically embedded in many family and kinship systems. Contemporary trafficking operations transform traditional bride wealth and marriage exchanges (prestations) by treating women's sexuality and bodies as commodities to be bought and sold (and exchanged again) in various Western capitals and Internet spaces. Such operations are also global with respect to scale, range, speed, diversity, and flexibility. Propelling many trafficking exchanges are political economic processes, which increase the trafficking of women in times of stress, such as famine, unemployment, economic transition, and so forth. However, the disparity between the global market operations, which organize trafficking, and the late nineteenth century social/public welfare system of counter-trafficking suggests why the latter do not effectively address women's risks and may even expose them to increased levels of violence and stress. Drawing on historical accounts, anthropological theory, and ethnographic work in Viet Nam and Bosnia and Herzegovina, this essay examines how specific cultural practices embedded in family and kinship relations encourage and rationalize sexual trafficking of girls and young women in times of stress and dislocation. The essay also analyses how technologies of power inform both trafficking and counter-trafficking operations in terms of controlling women's bodies, sexuality, health, labour, and migration. By analysing sexual trafficking as a cultural phenomenon in its own right, such an analysis seeks to inform and address the specific situations of girls and young women, who suffer greatly from the current migration regimes. [References: 34] 34A English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.- 801OA-0001 801OA: Document Delivery available Independant Scholar ~? Lopez-Vicuna, I. 2004X Approaches to sexuality in Latin America: Recent scholarship on gay and lesbian studies 238-253 Latin American Research Review 39 1( review; sexuality studies; Latin Americam The recent effervescence of Latin American gay and lesbian studies is quickly changing the face of the field. English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Lopez-Vicuna I Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Hispan Languages & Literatures Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Hispan Languages & Literatures Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA 0011 Lat. Am. Res. Rev- 773XJ-0011 773XJ: Document Delivery available ~? Loseke, D. R.
Cavendish, J. C. 2001h Producing institutional selves: Rhetorically constructing the dignity of sexually marginalized Catholics 347-362 Social Psychology Quarterly 64 4# religion; gay christians; identity. Using the example of sexually marginalized people who are devoutly Catholic, we explore how apparently contradictory identities can be reconciled rhetorically. Our data are newsletters produced by an organization called Dignity, which has support group and social change missions for its members who are both sexually marginalized and devoutly Catholic. Within the narrative framework we explore how these newsletters can be read as rhetorically reconciling seemingly contradictory identities by producing a type of narrative character who simultaneously is proudly sexually marginalized and devoutly Catholic. In our discussion we address the potential personal and political possibilities and limitations of the Dignified Self story, the difficulty of evaluating the political usefulness of such stories, and the importance of research empirically examining the organizational production of types of selves. [References: 44] 44 English Article
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Reprint available from: Loseke DR Univ S Florida, Dept Sociol Tampa, FL 33620 USA Univ S Florida, Dept Sociol Tampa, FL 33620 USA 0004 Soc. Psychol. Q- 537LU-0004 537LU: Document Delivery available~? Macleod, C. 2002X Economic security and the social science literature on teenage pregnancy in South Africa 647-664 Gender & Society 16 5( pathology; social construction; Foucault Feminists have argued that the association made between teenage childbearing and long-term lower socioeconomic status hides a multitude of socially constructed inequalities. I extend this position by analyzing how the association is linked in the South African literature on teenage pregnancy to economic security. I utilize Foucault's conceptualization of the method of security. Security refers to institutions and practices that defend and maintain a national population as well as secure the economic, demographic, and social processes of that population. I analyze how the traits of the method of security are deployed with regard to teenage pregnancy; how reproductive adolescents are viewed as disrupting the production of the economic self and fracturing population control, thereby threatening economic security; and how the invocation of economic security allows for the legitimation of various regulatory practices. [References: 53] 53 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Macleod C Rhodes Univ, Dept Psychol POB 7426 ZA-5200 E London South Africa Rhodes Univ, Dept Psychol ZA-5200 E London South Africa 0005 Gend. Soc- 591PG-0005 591PG: Document Delivery available ? Magni, Sonia
Reddy, Vasu 2007F Performative Queer Identities: Masculinities and Public Bathroom Usage 229-242 Sexualities 10 2; identity; performative; queer identities; sexual identities
April 1, 2007J This article critically examines the interface of gender, sex and identity within the context of bathroom facilities in a South African gay club. The public features and behaviors are contrasted with the bathrooms' private and abstract zones in terms of sexualized spaces and activities. The club's bathrooms function as spatial and physical discourses in which gender stability - with reference to masculine or feminine bodily inscriptions - is questioned. The bathrooms are understood as sites of parody practices in which dissonance between sex, gender and identity is made manifest.= http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/2/229 1 University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 10.1177/1363460707075805? Mansergh, Gordon
Naorat, Sathapana
Rapeepun Jommaroeng
Richard R. Jenkins
Supaporn Jeeyapant
Kamolset Kanggarnrua
Praphan Phanuphak
Jordan W. Tappero
Fritz Van Griensven 2006z Adaptation of Venue-Day-Time Sampling in Southeast Asia to Access Men Who Have Sex with Men for HIV Assessment in Bangkok 135-152
Field Methods 18 2B methods; sampling; men who have sex with men (MSM); gay; bisexual May This article describes adaptation and implementation of venue-day-time (VDT) sampling to enroll Thai men who have sex with men (MSM) through bars, saunas, and parks in Bangkok for the first communilx -based assessment of HIV prevalence and risk behavior. VDT sampling had four phases: (1) identification and geographic mapping of venues, (2) enumeratingfoot traffic at a subset of venues, (3) deter,nination of eligibility and willingness to participate at afurther subset of venues, and (4) enrollment of participants at a final set of venues. Field staff included peer staff information technologists, and lab specialists. Survey data were collected with hand- held computers; oralfiuid specimens were collected for HIV testing. Local stake- holders were included in the process. The VDT sampling process took 6 months to complete, with 1,121 MSM enrolled. The successful implementation of VDT sampling provides a model for adapting the method to access and assess hard-to-reach populations in other non- Western settings. CDC, USA ~?
Markussen, T. 2005= Practising performativity: Transformative moments in research 329-344" European Journal of Womens Studies 12 3 theory; perfomativity Performativity is a theory of how reality comes into being. It is also a deconstructive practice. This article addresses the question of performativity as an emergent mode of working in social and cultural research. It does so by way of exploring a research project focusing on prostitution in a multiethnic context in north Nor-way, carried out by two researchers doing collaborative work on men, sexuality and knowledge. The author's interest is in exploring performativity as a mode of engaging, aimed at achieving transformations in the terms through which the real is constituted. The author argues that practising performativity requires an openness within the research process to the possibility that researchers and their practices themselves must alter. Such transformative modes of relating seem to be called for in order to develop effective ways of engaging with the present. [References: 19] 19 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 38
Reprint available from: Markussen T Univ Oslo, Ctr Womens Studies & Gender Res POB 1040 NO-0315 Oslo Norway Univ Oslo, Ctr Womens Studies & Gender Res NO-0315 Oslo Norway 0006 Y Eur. J. Womens Stud1 955ZI-0006 955ZI: Document Delivery not available ? Kevin Markwell 2002[ Mardi Gras Tourism and the Construction of Sydney as an International Gay and Lesbian City 81-99' GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian & Gay Studies 8 1-2 space, queer tourism The capital of New South Wales is the oldest and largest city in Australia, and probably its best known. It is a vivid, busy, brash semitropical
city built around the spectacular Sydney Harbour with its famous icons of the Harbour Bridge and the Opera House. It has a large gay and lesbian community which holds international standing particularly through the world-famous Mardi Gras held each year at the end of February. 600,000 people watched the 1993 Parade and 20,000 people partied till dawn (and much later) in the spectacular costume party, the world’s largest gay party. A visit to Mardi Gras is an absolute once-in-a-lifetime must for every gay travelling man. . . . Sydney is the gay capital of the South Pacific. —Bruno Gmunder, Spartacus: International Gay Guide (1995) University of Newcastle ~? Martin, F.
Ho, J. 20060 Editorial introduction: trans/Asia, trans/gender 185-187 Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 7 2 review; culture| This issue brings together some recent examples of some of the most notable developments in gender and sexuality studies in Asia over recent years: the emergence of a lively new body of work focusing on transgender cultures. "Transgender" is a term that has been coined to cover cultures of non-normative gender identification, ranging from regimes of secondary gender in lesbian and gay subcultures (for example lesbian 'tomboy' or gay 'sissy' cultures), to forms of androgynous or ambiguous gender identity that may or may not include physical body modification (such as hormone therapy) to pre- and post -operative transexualtities.r English Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities.- 059WV-0016 059WV: Document Delivery available Cҿ? Martin, James I. 2006< Transcendence Among Gay Men: Implications for HIV Prevention 214-235 Sexualities 9 2E homosexuality; HIV prevention; sexuality; spirituality; transcendence
April 1, 2006 This article presents a critique of HIV prevention research and practice with gay men in light of reports that HIV seroprevalence appears to be increasing in this population. Central to this critique is the possibility that people may have a need for transcendence, which some gay men might seek to satisfy through sexual experience. Theories underpinning HIV prevention generally do not account for such nonrational aspects of sexuality, and they fail to acknowledge the impact of differential values on people's health behaviours.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/2/214 Sexualities 6? Martin, Patricia Yancey 2006: Practising Gender at Work: Further Thoughts on Reflexivity 254-276 Gender, Work & Organization 13 3h gender; gendering practices; practising gender; reflexivity; agency; intentionality; work; organizations In an effort to make visible the subtle and seldom acknowledged aspects of gendering dynamics, Martin focuses on unreflexive practices that both communicate and constitute gender in paid work settings. She reviews the distinction between practices that are culturally available to 'do gender' and the literal practising of gender that is constituted through interaction. While acknowledging that agency is involved in any practicing of gender, she considers how intentionality and agency intersect, arguing that people in powerful positions routinely practise gender without being reflexive about it. Defining practising as emergent, directional, temporal, rapid, immediate and indeterminate, Martin shows how these qualities affect men as well as women in unexpected and often harmful ways. She concludes with a call for innovative ways to 'catch gender in practice' and for attention to reflexivity's role in the ongoing constitution of gender at work.J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2006.00307.x $ doi:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2006.00307.x o<7 ? Mattson, C. L.
Bailey, R. C.
Muga, R.
Poulussen, R.
Onyango, T. 2005z Acceptability of male circumcision and predictors of circumcision preference among men and women in Nyanza Province, Kenya 182-94 AIDS Care 17 2" circumcision; HIV; Africa; Kenya; Feb Numerous epidemiologic studies report significant associations between lack of male circumcision and HIV-1 infection, leading some to suggest that male circumcision be added to the limited armamentarium of HIV prevention strategies in areas where HIV prevalence is high and the mode of transmission is primarily heterosexual. This cross-sectional survey of 107 men and 110 women in Nyanza Province, Kenya, assesses the attitudes, beliefs, and predictors of circumcision preference among men and women in a traditionally non-circumcising region. Sixty per cent (n=64) of uncircumcised men and 69% (n=68) of women who had uncircumcised regular partners reported that they would prefer to be circumcised or their partners to be circumcised. Men's circumcision preference was associated with the belief that it is easier for uncircumcised men to get penile cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS, and that circumcised men have more feeling in their penises, enjoy sex more, and confer more pleasure to their partners. Women with nine or more years of school were more likely to prefer circumcised partners. Men who preferred to remain uncircumcised were concerned about the pain and cost of the procedure, and pain was a significant deterrent for women to agree to circumcision for their sons. If clinical trials prove circumcision to be efficacious in reducing risk of HIV infection, it is likely that the procedure will be sought by a significant proportion of the population, especially if it is affordable and minimally painful.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15763713 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 15763713 University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. eng ~?
Mayhew, S. H. 2002` Donor dealings: The impact of international donor aid on sexual and reproductive health services 220-224* International Family Planning Perspectives 28 4 health; Since the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994, international donors to population and AIDS programs have been called on to respond to the ICPD goals for expanded and holistic reproductive health services. How have they met the call? Do donors really support post-Cairo sexual and reproductive health services, or do we need to look for new models of assistance? To explore these questions, I look first at the changing face of donors to sexual and reproductive health, the nature of their support and the inherent problems associated with their support. I then consider whether and how donors support the Cairo agenda, and discuss the opportunities presented by recent health systems changes. English Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Mayhew SH London Sch Hyg & Trop Med London England London Sch Hyg & Trop Med London England Univ Leeds, Nuffield Inst Hlth Leeds W Yorkshire England 0005 Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect- 619HP-0005 619HP: Document Delivery available? Alexander McKay 2000. Common questions about sexual health education Academic Research Library 129' The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 9
2 education; Canada This document uses peer-reviewed literature to provide research-based answers to questions often posed by educators, parents, administrators, governments and journalists about the philosopy, methods and impact of sexual health education is schools. ~? McKenzie, S. 2006; Queering gender: anima/animus and the paradigm of emergence 401-21 J Anal Psychol 51 32 theory; Jungian; gender identity; homosexuality; Jun An exploration into the world of the queer others of gender and sexuality moves us beyond the binary opposition of male/masculinity and female/femininity in our understanding of gender and expands the meaning of gender and sexuality for all humans. A revision of Jungian gender theory that embraces all genders and sexualities is needed not only to inform our clinical work but also to allow us to bring Jungian thought to contemporary gender theory and to cultural struggles such as gay marriage. The cognitive and developmental neurosciences are increasingly focused on the importance of body biology and embodied experience to the emergence of mind. In my exploration of gender I ask how gender comes to be experienced in a developing body and how those embodied gender feelings elaborate into a conscious category in the mind, a gender position. My understanding of emergent mind theory suggests that one's sense of gender, like other aspects of the mind, emerges very early in development from a self-organizing process involving an individual's particular body biology, the brain, and cultural environment. Gendered feeling, from this perspective, would be an emergent aspect of mind and not an archetypal inheritance, and the experiencing body would be key to gender emergence. A revised Jungian gender theory would transcend some of the limitations of Jung's anima/animus (A/A) gender thinking allowing us to contribute to contemporary gender theory in the spirit of another Jung; the Jung of the symbolic, the mythic, and the subtle body. This is the Jung who invites us to the medial place of the soul, bridging the realm of the physical body and the realm of the spirit.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16712684. 0021-8774 (Print)
Case Reports
Journal Article 16712684 Vermont, RI, USA.\ ? * Meade, Christina S.
Ickovics, Jeannette R. 2005 Systematic review of sexual risk among pregnant and mothering teens in the USA: pregnancy as an opportunity for integrated prevention of STD and repeat pregnancy 661-678 Social Science & Medicine 60 47 adolescent; risk behavior; teen mothers; pregnant teensu Behaviors that lead to teen pregnancy also place young women at risk for STDs and repeat pregnancy. Compared to the broad literature on adolescent sexual risk behavior, our understanding of sexual risk in pregnant/mothering teens lags far behind. Primary objectives of this systematic review (1981-2003) of pregnant/mothering teens were to: (1) document rates of STD, repeat pregnancy, condom use, and contraception; (2) identify correlates of these biological and behavioral outcomes; (3) review sexual risk reduction interventions; and (4) discuss directions for future research and implications for clinical care. Fifty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Rates of STD and repeat pregnancy were high, with the majority of teens engaging in unprotected sex during and after pregnancy. An Ecological Model of Sexual Risk, based on Bronfenbrenner's (1989) Ecological Systems Theory, was proposed to organize findings on correlates of sexual risk. Improvements in research, including integration of outcomes and risk factors, stronger methodologies, and standardized assessments, are essential. Results suggest that teen pregnancy is a marker for future sexual risk behavior and adverse outcomes, and that pregnant/mothering teens need hybrid interventions promoting dual use of condoms and hormonal contraception. Pregnancy may provide a critical "window of opportunity" for sexual risk reduction.` http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBF-4CYGR19-7/2/7c1896a772b168d8a523d05721b3c5f8 Review) Yale University, Department of Psychology-? Meeks, Chet 20013 Civil Society and the Sexual Politics of Difference 325-343 Sociological Theory 19 3! politics; identity; public spherek This paper discusses the sexual politics of anti-normalization within the context of the sociological discussions of civil society and the public sphere. The sexual politics of anti-normalization is less centered around "identity" as a means of securing group solidarity and representing sexual communities in civil society. A politics of antinormalization comprehends identity as a means of normalizing and regulating sexual desire and difference. Anti-normalization entails the politicization of ethical-moral issues concerning sex and desire and the production of sexual differences beyond the usual opposition of heterosexuality to homosexuality. I discuss the ways that the theoretical discourses on civil society reduce conceptions of difference to identity and develop a framework for analyzing the sexual politics of difference "beyond identity" in the public sphere. New York State University#? 2 Milhausen, Robin R.
Reece, Michael
Perera, Bilesha 2006F A theory-based approach to understanding sexual behavior at Mardi Gras 97(10) Journal of Sex Research 43 23 Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Inc. pathology Using the Triandis Model of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB), we considered the unique context of Mardi Gras, the annual festival in New Orleans, Louisiana, and how it might influence sexual behavior. This study utilized a two-stage, qualitative and quantitative methodological framework. Focus groups of past Mardi Gras participants were held to gather data to inform the development of the study instruments, and data were subsequently collected from 300 Mardi Gras participants in February 2004 using a pencil-and-paper questionnaire. For women, the TIB model did not significantly predict intentions to engage in sexual behavior at Mardi Gras. Cognitive beliefs and subjective social norms predicted intentions to engage in oral and vaginal sex among male participants. For men and women, peer sexual activity, intentions, and previous sexual experience predicted engaging in sexual behaviors at Mardi Gras. Situational conditions related to Mardi Gras culture predicted anal sex behavior. The TIB, as a guiding framework for the study, makes apparent the importance of cultural context when developing interventions related to sexuality that are to be implemented in a specific setting like Mardi Gras. http://find.galegroup.com/itx/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=EAIM&docId=A146789436&source=gale&srcprod=EAIM&userGroupName=latrobe&version=1.0 The Journal of Sex Research
Not in File
0022-4499
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COPYRIGHT 2006 Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, Inc. e~? Millbank, J. 2005u A preoccupation with perversion: The British response to refugee claims on the basis of sexual orientation, 1989-2003 115-138 Social & Legal Studies 14 1F sexual orientation; politics; Consent; Age; gay refugee; UK; refugee; 3 Britain's approach to refugee claims by lesbians and gay men has been notably hostile in comparison to other Western refugee-receiving nations. For many years decision-makers in the UK have refused to accept that those fleeing persecution on the basis of sexual orientation were even capable of being refugees under the terms of the Refugees Convention. Since accepting eligibility in 1999, UK decision-makers have repeatedly held that asylum seekers are under a duty to protect themselves by hiding their sexuality. They have also been extremely reluctant to hold that criminal sanctions for gay sex are themselves persecutory and have frequently failed to appreciate the relationship between violence against lesbians and gay men and the existence of criminal provisions. This article suggests that there is a discernible national response in the courts and tribunals of Britain to sexual orientation-based refugee claims. That response carries echoes of the 1956 Wolfenden Report, most notably its 'solution' to the 'problem' of homosexuality: privacy. [References: 40] 40 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Millbank J Univ Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Univ Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia 0006 Soc. Leg. Stud- 899QO-0006 899QO: Document Delivery available' University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 ~? Miller, E. M.
Costello, C. Y. 2001. The limits of biological determinism - Comment 592-598 American Sociological Review 66 4& social construction; gender; behavior; Udry (2000, henceforward Udry), claims to have established that sex dimorphic behavior is produced by prenatal exposure to varying levels of testosterone. He concludes that if societies "depart too far from the underlying sex-dimorphism of biological predispositions, they will generate social malaise and social pressures to drift back toward
closer alignment with biology" (p. 454). Udry's work is part of a long scientific tradition- that of biological determinism,
which seeks to anchor patterns of gendered behavior to immutable biological roots. These roots have changed over time, but the conclusion-"that shared behavioral norms, and the social and economic differences between [women and men] arise from inherited, inborn distinctions" (Gould 1981: 20)-remains unchanged English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Costello CY Univ Wisconsin, Dept Sociol POB 403 Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA Univ , WI 53201 USA 0006 Am. Sociol. Rev- 464PZ-0006 464PZ: Document Delivery available( Wisconsin, Dept Sociology, Milwaukee USA~? Monaghan, L. F. 2002P Opportunity, pleasure, and risk - An ethnography of urban male heterosexualities 440-477# Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 31 4 HIV; risk; space; gender; work; Using ethnographic data generated in Southwest Britain and an embodied social paradigm, this article explores the opportunities, pleasures, and risks attendant to urban male heterosexualities. Participant observation and informal ethnographic interviews with nightclub security staff, or "doormen," contextualize and embody abstract and sterile risk discourses and knowledges. Although careful to avoid a pathologizing biomedical perspective, several social risks are identified, which may amplify or minimize the conditions of possibility for HIV transmission. These include risks to existing intimate relationships and ontological security, violence, and embarrassment. [References: 64] 64 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Monaghan LF Univ Cardiff, Cardiff Sch Social Sci Cardiff S Glam Wales 0003 J. Contemp. Ethnogr- 572HB-0003 572HB: Document Delivery availableC University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Sch Social Sci Cardiff S Glam Wales w? Monro, Surya
Warren, Lorna 2004 Transgendering Citizenship 345-362 Sexualities 7 3 citizenship August 1, 2004u Transgender people are currently excluded from full citizenship in the UK. However, this is being challenged by a number of transgender groups. Sexual and feminist models of citizenship provide useful alternatives to mainstream models of citizenship, sharing a considerable amount of ground with transgender citizenship. However, transgender citizenship differs from sexual and feminist models in various ways. This article examines the commonalties and divergences between transgender citizenship and sexual and feminist approaches to citizenship, and explores some of the issues emerging in the area of transgender citizenship.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/3/345 University of Sheffield 10.1177/1363460704044805 -~? Morrison, T. G. 2004\ "He was treating me like trash, and I was loving it..." Perspectives on gay male pornography 167-183 Journal of Homosexuality 47 3-4 pathology; pornograpy (Gay); As the topic of gay male pornography has received limited attention from social scientists, little is known about how gay men perceive this medium. In the current study, a focus group methodology was used whereby participants examined specific scenes from commercially available gay pornography in terms of the messages they disseminate about the body and gay sexuality, in general. Findings suggest that discussants tended to view the medium from a utilitarian perspective. They saw pornography as a masturbatory aid, and did not believe that it possessed much significance vis-a-vis gay men's attitudes and behaviours. Those who identified potentially negative influences of this medium saw them as transitory and most likely to occur among gay men other than themselves. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Morrison TG Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Psychol Galway Ireland Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Psychol Galway Ireland 0009 J. Homosex- 873IW-0009 873IW: Document Delivery available& National University of Ireland, Galways? Muecke, M 2004< Guest Editorial: Shifting sexuality among lowland Thai
women 183-187 Culture, Health & Sexuality 6 3# culture; Thailand; sexuality; women The three papers on gender and sexuality among lowland Thai women in this issue of Culture, Health & Sexuality represent the aim of a larger group of Thai researchers to contest stereotypes of female sexuality that dominate the English language literature on gender and sexuality in Thailand. With the support of The Ford Foundation, the larger group was first convened in the year 2000 by the Chulalongkorn University Social Science Research Institute (CUSSRI) in Bangkok. Anthropologists Amara Pongsapich, the Institute Director, and I invited Thai researchers known to be studying gender and sexuality issues among lowland Thai women to participate in a series of authors’ workshops to review each other’s work and prepare it for submission for publication in English. The initial aims of the group were to contest the dominant international discourse (both in media and research) that addresses Thai women and sexuality solely in terms of sex work, to address women’s sexuality in the complexity of its situatedness in different places of lowland Thai society, and to bring voices of Thai researchers into the international discourses on Thai women and sexuality.% University of Washington, Seattle, WA ? Mundigo, Axel I. 2000J REVIEW SYMPOSIUM: Re-conceptualizing the role of men in the post-Cairo era 323 - 337 Culture, Health and Sexuality 2 3 Routledge4 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/136910500422287 1369-1058 %[ May 28, 2007~? Mutchler, M. G. 2000 Making space for safer sex 1-14 AIDS Education and Prevention 12 1 space; education; HIV prevention Feb There is much concern about the second wave of HIV infections among gay male youth. Yet qualitative research showing how to produce effective HIV prevention programs for this population are scarce. Traditional models for education are not sufficient. This study uses ethnographic data to illustrate a community empowerment HIV prevention project found to significantly reduce rates of unprotected anal sex among young gay males between the ages of 18 and 29. It seeks to show how safer sex norms among gay youth are produced. Analyses of these data reveal that a sense of ownership in a youth space is a critical component of this model. This research should facilitate AIDS educators in their efforts to end the second wave of infections among gay youth by providing a detailed map of how a successful HIV prevention project operates and by stressing the need to make spaces for safer sex education.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10749382! 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article 10749382; AIDS Project Los Angeles, CA 90028, USA. mmutchler@apla.org 1<7 - Muyinda, H.
Nakuya, J.
Pool, R.
Whitworth, J. 2003l Harnessing the senga institution of adolescent sex education for the control of HIV and STDs in rural Uganda 159-67 AIDS Care 15 2@ education; Africa; Uganda; female sexual health;sexual behavior; Apr Senga (father's sister) is a traditional channel of communication about sexual behaviour for adolescent females in rural Uganda. We evaluated a modification of this approach as an intervention for HIV and STDs in a pilot study in two intervention villages and one control village over 12 months. Eleven adult women and three adolescent girls were chosen and trained to become sengas. Adolescent girls were encouraged to visit the sengas for sexual health information. Adult sengas saw an average of 21 clients; adolescent sengas saw five. Adolescent girls made 45% of visits. The expected reasons for attending the sengas accounted for 51% of visits. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS, sexual communication skills, consistent condom use and family planning service use increased in the intervention group of girls over the study period and compared to control girls. Symptomatic STDs decreased in the intervention group. This intervention was readily accepted by the community; members of all ages and both sexes attended for a wider variety of reasons than anticipated. Adolescent girls in the intervention group showed improved knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV and STDs. This promising intervention warrants further testing in larger studies and other settings.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12856337 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 12856337h Uganda Virus Research Institute, Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda. eng<7 0 Muyinda, H.
Nakuya, J.
Whitworth, J. A.
Pool, R. 2004\ Community sex education among adolescents in rural Uganda: utilizing indigenous institutions 69-79 AIDS Care 16 11 education; Africa; Uganda; Longitudinal Studies; Jan Although adolescent girls in Uganda are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection, providing relevant sexual health education to them is problematic. The senga (father's sister), is the traditional channel for socializing adolescent girls into sex and marriage among many ethnic groups in Uganda. This paper discusses the implementation and community acceptability of 'modern' sengas who were trained to provide HIV-related counselling to adolescent girls. Fourteen sengas were trained in two villages and, in the course of the 1-year study, 247 individuals made a total of 403 visits to them. By including both traditional services (such as advice on and assistance with labial elongation) and modern health and sex education, the sengas provided a 'middle road' between tradition and modernity. As a result, despite initial suspicion by the community, their activities were supported by the community generally and effective as intervention.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14660145 Journal Article
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 14660145c Uganda Virus Research Institute, Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS in Uganda & London, UK. eng z~? Nagel, J. 2000 Ethnicity and sexuality [Review] 107-133 Annual Review of Sociology 26\ social construction; ethnicity; Review; Nationalism; Masculinity; Politics; Origins; Gender;n This paper explores the connections between ethnicity and sexuality. Racial, ethnic, and national boundaries are also sexual boundaries. The borderlands dividing racial, ethnic, and national identities and communities constitute ethnosexual frontiers, erotic intersections that are heavily patrolled, policed, and protected, yet regularly are penetrated by individuals forging sexual links with ethnic "others." Normative heterosexuality is a central component of racial, ethnic, and nationalist ideologies; both adherence to and deviation from approved sexual identities and behaviors define and reinforce racial, ethnic, and nationalist regimes. To illustrate the ethnicity/sexuality nexus and to show the utility of revealing this intimate bond for understanding ethnic relations, I review constructionist models of ethnicity and sexuality in the social sciences and humanities, and I discuss ethnosexual boundary processes in several historical and contemporary settings: the sexual policing of nationalism, sexual aspects of US-American Indian relations, and the sexualization of the black-white color line. [References: 242] 242 English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Nagel J Univ Kansas, Dept Sociol Lawrence, KS 66045 USA Univ Kansas, Dept Sociol Lawrence, KS 66045 USA 0019 Annu. Rev. Sociol- 359UW-0019 359UW: Document Delivery available0 University of Kansas, Dept Sociolology, Lawrence ? Joane Nagel 2001W Racial, Ethnic, and National Boundaries: Sexual Intersections and Symbolic Interactions 123-139 Symbolic Interaction 24 2F social constuction; symbolic interaction; race; ethnicity; nationalism{ Sex and race are strained, if not strange, bedfellows. Sexual depictions and denigrations of racvial, ethnic, and national "others" and the regualtion of in-group sexual behavior are important mechanisms by which ethnic boundaries are constructed, maintained, and defended. Race, ethnicity and the nation are sexualized, and sexuality is racialized, ethnicized and nationalized. The sexual systems that prop up ethnic boundaries and define ethnic identites and communities tend to be inherently conservative blueprints for ethnosexual living. these systems stress endogamy, heterosexuality , and reproduction under a rubric on traditional, often patriarchal family life for ethnic group members and tend to demonize and denigrate the sexuality of those outside ethnic boundaries or of those within ethnic communities who do not conform to heteronormative, heteroconventional models of sexuality. I present several examples of the intersections of race, ethnicity, nationalism, and sexuality/ies from U.S. and international settings, and I argue that the symbolic interaction between ethnicity and sexuality is central to their mutual constitution. 01956086 University of Kansas?
Niehaus, Isak 2000d Towards a Dubious Liberation: Masculinity, Sexuality and Power in African Lowvelt Schools, 1953-1999 387# Journal of Southern African Studies 26 3. politics; history; South Africa; masculinity; This article investigates how masculine sexuality featured as a political issue during the liberation struggle in Impalahoek, a village on the South African lowveld. The starting point of my analysis is the repressive regime in primary and high schools during the period of Bantu Education, from 1953 to 1986. I show that whilst teachers strictly prohibited and harshly punished all forms of sexuality between students, male teachers freely engaged in sexual liaisons with schoolgirls. The revolt by Comrades in the schools between 1986 and 1992 was inspired in part by students' discontent about sexuality. Comrades demanded and end to corporal punishment, expelled teachers who engaged in sex with schoolgirls and celebrated their own sexual virility in a local campaign to 'build soldiers'. Since 1994, the management of sexuality by the African National Congress (ANC)-led government has not inaugurated sexual liberation. Rather, sex education and new medical discourses about sexuality in the era of AIDS have generated new forms of surveillance and contestation. Such historical experiences inform the links between democratisation and changing notions of sexuality in South Africa 0305-7070: University of Natal, School of Anthropology and Psychology ~? Nobre, P. J.
Pinto-Gouveia, J. 2003m Sexual modes questionnaire: Measure to assess the interaction among cognitions, emotions, and sexual response 368-382 Journal of Sex Research 40 4/ methods; network analysis; erectile dysfunctionN The goal of the present article is to present a new measure developed to assess cognitive and emotional factors of sexual function. This instrument was developed especially to test some hypotheses derived from Beck's new theoretical conceptualization (the modes theory; A. T Beck, 1996). This model, characterized by its systemic and integrated approach, constitutes a remarkable development from a linear to a network perspective of the cognitive-emotional-behavioral processes. The new concept of mode, as a composite of schemas (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) interacting together is theoretically sound and supported by recent research findings from clinical and experimental sets (see A. T Beck, 1996, for a revision). Our aim is to develop a new measure specifically created to assess these integrated and interdependent processes in the field of sexuality. The Sexual Modes Questionnaire (SMQ; male and female versions) is a combined measure constituted by three interdependent subscales: automatic thoughts, emotions, and sexual response presented during sexual activity. Psychometric studies showed good reliability and validity results in both versions, and high correlations between several dimensions of the three subscales support the concept of mode and its interactional character Moreover, the capacity showed by the SMQ to discriminate between sexually functional and dysfunctional subjects and its high correlations with measures of sexual functioning emphasize the role of cognitive-emotional processes on sexual problems, supporting the clinical value of the measure. [References: 45] 45 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Nobre PJ Rua Amorim Carvalho,97 P-4460 Senhora Hora Portugal Univ Tras Os Montes & Alto Douro Miranda Douro Portugal Univ Coimbra P-3000 Coimbra Portugal 0006 J. Sex Res- 756BU-0006 756BU: Document Delivery available5 Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PortugalF~?
Nye, R. A. 2000? Kinship, male bonds, and masculinity in comparative perspective 1656-1666 American Historical Review 105 5 gender; kinship As Susan Mann explains in her introductory essay to this Forum, the emergence of gender as a subject in Chinese history has been retarded by the real and symbolic power that has inhered in gender relations in China for a couple of millennia. The unbroken periods of dynastic peace that graced that vast and diverse land were the product of a system of political domination and moral orthodoxy that depended on and reinforced patriarchy, patrilineality, and patrimony. In dialectical fashion, historians of China first concerned themselves with the women whose positions at the bottom of the gender hierarchy were determined by sex before they turned their attention to the men who exploited and dominated them. The same order of discovery in North American and European history stimulated a singular interest in women's history and some understandable suspicion that the history of men and masculinity was a trumped-up apology for patriarchy. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities.
Reprint available from: Nye RA Oregon State Univ Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis, OR 97331 USA 0009 Am. Hist. Rev- 387NP-0009 387NP: Document Delivery available "~?
Nye, R. A. 2005- Locating masculinity: Some recent work on men 1937-1962 Signs 30 3" masculinity; gender; 20th-century; I propose to group and treat the texts I consider in this essay thematically in sections, with allowance for backfilling and overlap. Virtually all the texts deal at some level with the nature and sources of masculinity and the best methodologies for studying it. I will discuss methods in the first section. In the second section, I will try to demonstrate that the best antidotes to the universalist temptation that haunts gender analysis are historical and anthropological perspectives that situate masculinities in diverse temporal, social, and spatial settings. Two more sections then follow. The first analyzes male bodies, and the second considers the rituals and practices through which masculinity is enacted. Both these sections reveal how the presentation and performance of gender is inherently unstable, simultaneously undermining and reaffirming ideals and images of virility that circulate mysteriously in societies according to rules no one promulgates or controls. Finally, I will turn to the burning issue of fatherhood; in a perverse way, concerns about paternity have siphoned off much of the critical and emotional energy ordinarily reserved for couples, marriage, and courtship. As I ultimately hope to show, the texts considered here provide a remarkable interdisciplinary survey of masculinity studies, even if they represent only a fraction of the significant work produced in the past few years.
English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 21
Reprint available from: Nye RA Oregon State Univ Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Oregon State Univ Corvallis, OR 97331 USA 0007 Signs- 920AZ-0007 920AZ: Document Delivery available ֽ? Obermeyer,Carla Makhlouf 2000; Sexuality in Morocco: changing context and contested domain 239 - 254 Culture, Health & Sexuality 2 3 Routledge1 Review; Morocco; sexuality; social transformation This paper offers a critical review of what is known about the expression of sexuality in Morocco, by bringing together several domains of research-studies of Islamic doctrine, anthropological research on sexuality, ethnographies of Muslim countries, as well as recent studies of sexual behaviours and attitudes in Morocco. The traditional context of sexual behaviour in Morocco was shaped by the dynamic interplay among several forces: a relatively permissive religious tradition, an inegalitarian system restricting women's autonomy and privileging male satisfaction, and a keen awareness among women of the connections between sexual exchange and power relationships. This situation is rapidly changing as a result of momentous demographic and socio-economic transformations that have radically altered the frequency and quality of interactions between men and women and the realities of the marriage market, and contributed to the emergence of a youth culture attuned to global trends but rooted in local sensitivities. The case of Morocco illustrates the ways in which the domain of sexuality is contested as a result of discrepancies between Islamic doctrine and its application, changing relations between the sexes, socio-economic transformations, and competing claims for legitimacy and authenticity.3 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/136910500422232 1369-1058 Culture, Health & SexualityP Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Population and Anthropologyb~? J O'Donnell, L.
Agronick, G.
San Doval, A.
Duran, R.
Myint, U. A.
Stueve, A. 2002q Ethnic and gay community attachments and sexual risk behaviors among urban Latino young men who have sex with men 457-71 AIDS Education and Prevention 14 6E homosexuality; Hispanic Americans; Male; Risk-Taking; Sexual Behavior Dec Culturally relevant prevention programs are required to reduce HIV risk exposure of Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM). As part of Hermanos Jovenes, 465 Latino YMSM were surveyed at community venues of New York City outside the gay-identified area of lower Manhattan. We examined factors that influence ethnic and gay community attachments; the association between community attachments and social support in sexual matters; and the relationship between levels of attachment, social support in sexual matters, and sexual risk behaviors. Sixty-eight percent felt closely connected to their ethnic community; about 34% were highly attached to both neighborhood and New York City gay communities. Greater social support in sexual matters was associated with ethnic and gay community attachments. Latino YMSM connected to their ethnic community were about 40% less likely to report recent unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with a male partner, and 60% less likely to have engaged in UAI during the last sexual contact with a nonmain male partner. Gay community attachment was not significantly related to risk behaviors. Findings point to the importance of ethnic ties and involving ethnic community organizations in HIV prevention efforts.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12512847X 0899-9546 (Print) Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 12512847[ Education Development Center, Inc., 55 Chapel St., Newton, MA 02458, USA. lodonnell@edc.org z~? Oriel, J. 2005Y Sexual pleasure as a human right: Harmful or helpful to women in the context of HIV/AIDS? 392-404# Women's Studies International Forum 28 5 sexual rights; violencee Sexual rights advocates recommend that sexual pleasure should be recognised as a human right. However, the construction of sexuality as gender-neutral in sexual rights literature conceals how men's demand for sexual pleasure often reinforces the subordination of women. In the context of HIV/AIDS, men's belief that they have a right to use women for sexual pleasure is a recognised and cross-cultural barrier to effective HIV prevention. Research on sexuality from the fields of feminism, political science, public health, and HIV/AIDS reveals that violence against women is fundamental to the construction of masculinity. This violence is manifested through rape, sexual coercion, sexual objectification, and prostitution. By challenging the forms of sexuality and sexual pleasure that reinforce masculinity, it may be possible to imagine sexual rights that are based on sexual equality. In this article, I suggest that a new model for sexual rights that simultaneously provides women with greater sexual pleasure and lessens the risk of HIV transmission is possible. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. [References: 44] 44 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 44
Reprint available from: Oriel J Univ Melbourne POB 404 Hurstbridge Vic 3099 Australia Univ Melbourne Hurstbridge Vic 3099 Australia 0004 Women Stud. Int. Forum- 970YH-0004 970YH: Document Delivery available! University of Melbourne, Victoria o? 3 Overlien, Carolina
Aronsson, Karin
Hyden, Margareta 2005T The Focus Group Interview as an In-depth Method? Young Women Talking About Sexuality 331 - 3444 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 8 4 Routledge methods; focus groups March 13, 2007 This article discusses whether the focus group method can be employed with troubled groups and for the discussion of high-involvement topics. It analyses focus groups' discourse of high-involvement topics, such as the body, relationships, and sexuality, conducted with female adolescents aged 15-20 years at a detention home. Contrary to the traditional belief that the focus group method is designed for low-involvement topics and mainstream groups, our analyses of the discursive devices employed suggest that the method can indeed be used for high-involvement topics. We also argue that other methods would not have given us deeper insights and that the focus group method can be seen as a less intrusive method to be used in this setting.8 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/1364557042000119607
1364-5579 Linkoping University, Sweden ~? Oyewumi, O. 1998m De-Confounding Gender - Feminist Theorizing and Western Culture, a Comment on Hawkesworths Confounding Gender 1049-1062 Signs 23 4 gender; feminism; needs The state of gender theorizing, characterized by some researchers as divided between "gender as analytic category" and "gender as explanans" is a false view. Using gender only as an analytic category would not solve a biased attitude in feminist statements. Treating gender as a cultural construct would, however, resolve this difficulty, especially when it is recognized that Western culture is only one of many and claims based on research in a single culture should not be universalized. English Editorial
Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Oyewumi O UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA DEPT BLACK STUDIES SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA 0007- 126XF-0007 126XF: Document Delivery available )~?
Parker, R. 2001; Sexuality, culture, and power in HIV/AIDS research [Review] 163-179 Annual Review of Anthropology 30Z review; anthropology; Africa; Uganda; HIV transmission; AIDS-prevention; risk behavior; This article examines the development of anthropological research in response to AIDS. During the first decade of the epidemic, most social science research focused on the behavioral correlates of HIV infection among individuals and failed to examine broader social and cultural factors. By the late 1980s, however, pioneering work by anthropologists began to raise the importance of cultural systems in shaping sexual practices relevant to HIV transmission and prevention. Since the start of the 1990s, this emphasis on cultural analysis has taken shape alongside a growing anthropological research focus on structural factors shaping vulnerability to HIV infection. Work on social inequality and the political economy of HIV and AIDS has been especially important. Much current research seeks to integrate both cultural and structural concerns in providing an alternative to more individualistic behavioral research paradigms. [References: 105] 105T English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Parker R State Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Social Med Rio De Janeiro Brazil State Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Social Med Rio De Janeiro Brazil Columbia Univ, Joseph L Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Sociomed Sci Div New York, NY 10032 USA 0018 Annu. Rev. Anthropol- 487VX-0018 487VX: Document Delivery available5?
Parker, R. 2004 Introduction to Sexuality and Social Change: Toward an Integration of Sexuality Research, Advocacy, and Social Policy in the Twenty-First Century 7" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 1 1 review; research; design; 1 Over the course of the past 10 to 15 years, there has been an important increase in research activity and advocacy work on issues related to gender, sexuality, and health. Particularly following the emergence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, funding available for research on sexuality and sexual health expanded significantly. Yet the vast majority of the research activity, as well as available funding for research, has been carried out from a biomedical perspective that has often failed to take into account significant social, cultural, economic, and political factors influencing the organization of gender and sexuality cross-culturally -and that has often failed to feed into meaningful advocacy for more effective policies and programs in relation to issues such as sexuality education and sexual health promotion.~? I Parker, R.
di Mauro, D.
Filiano, B.
Garcia, J.
Munoz-Laboy, M.
Sember, R. 2004 Global transformations and intimate relations in the 21st century: social science research on sexuality and the emergence of sexual health and sexual rights frameworks 362-98 Annu Rev Sex Res 15 globalisation; health; rights" This article tracks the conjunction between the social, cultural, political, and economic changes taking place on a global level and the shift in sexuality research from primarily biomedical and behavioral concerns to those of rights and social justice. Particular attention is paid to how transnational public health and human rights discourses, and social movements concerned with gender inequality and the oppression of sexual minorities, have influenced the field of sexuality research. This influence is especially clear in the emergence of the concepts of sexual health and sexual rights, which have enabled researchers to draw clear connections between highly localized phenomena and transnational systems. The importance of rights-based approaches, in particular, has supported an explicit politicization of research and the engagement of researchers in social justice causes. To illustrate the interests and approach of contemporary sexuality research, the article includes a review of recent literature on sex trafficking and same-sex marriage. These cases are used to outline the negative and positive use of rights-the former a means to control harm and the latter a means to advance freedoms. Addressing the tension between these two strategies is a core challenge for the field of sexuality research.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16913284( 1053-2528 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 16913284 Columbia University, Center for Gender, Sexuality and Health, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, USA. rgp11@columbia.edu
? 2 Parker, Richard G.
Easton, Delia
Klein, Charles H. 2000Z Structural barriers and facilitators in HIV prevention: a review of international research S22-S32 AIDS
14 Supplement 1 HIV/AIDS research review i This article provides an overview of a growing body of international research focusing on the structural and environmental factors that shape the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and create barriers and facilitators in relation to HIV-prevention programs., Overview of structural-factors literature: Most of the research on structural and environmental factors can be grouped into a small number of analytically distinct but interconnected categories: economic (under)development and poverty; mobility, including migration, seasonal work, and social disruption due to war and political instability; and gender inequalities. An additional focus in research on structural and environmental factors has been on the effects of particular governmental and intergovernmental policies in increasing or diminishing HIV vulnerability and transmission., Interventions: A smaller subset of the research on structural factors describes and/or evaluates specific interventions in detail. Approaches that have received significant attention include targeted interventions developed for heterosexual women, female commercial sex workers, male truck drivers, and men who have sex with men., Conclusions: The structural and environmental factors literature offers important insights and reveals a number of productive intervention strategies that might be explored in both resource-rich and -poor settings. However, new methodologies are required to document and evaluate the effects of the structural interventions, which by their very nature involve large-scale elements that cannot be easily controlled by experimental or quasi-experimental research designs. Innovative, interdisciplinary approaches are needed that can move beyond the limited successes of traditional behavioral interventions and explicitly attempt to achieve broader social and structural change., (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Miscellaneous Columbia University, From the Sociomedical Sciences Division of the Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health and the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at Columbia University, New York, USA, the Department of Health Policies and Institutions of the Institute of Social Medicine at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (IMS/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association (ABIA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, *Behavioral Research Intervention Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA and (+)Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA. u? 5 Emilio A. Parrado
Chris McQuiston
Chenoa A. Flippen 2005 Quantitative Methods for the Study of Gender and HIV Risks Among Participatory Survey Research: Integrating Community Collaboration and Hispanic Migrants 204-239 Sociological Methods & Research 34 2P methods; HIV/AIDS; migrants; mixed methodology; participatory research; Mexicans This article outlines a research strategy for studying difficult-to-reach migrant populations that combines community collaboration, targeted random sampling, and parallel sampling in sending and receiving areas. The authors describe how this methodology was applied to the study of gender, migration, and HIV risks among Hispanic migrants in Durham, North Carolina. They illustrate the usefulness of community collaboration for informing survey design and providing a contextual understanding of research findings. They likewise demonstrate the importance of parallel sampling and assess the bias that would have resulted from conducting their study with convenience samples as opposed to a targeted random sampling technique. While the authors describe its application to HIV risks among Hispanic migrants, the methodology can easily be extended to other migrant groups as well as to other sensitive topics pertaining to migration and social adaptation.4 http://smr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/2/204 Duke University? Peck, Edward
Secker, Jenny 1999j Piths, Pearls, and Provocation: Quality Criteria for Qualitative Research: Does Context Make a Difference? 552-558 Qualitative Health Research 9 4 Research; Methods; Qualitative July 1, 1999> Although qualitative research has considerable strengths both in assessing the effectiveness of organizational models of health care provision and in contributing to their development, its impact on local and national decision making in the United Kingdom appears to be negligible. This article examines three obstacles to the acceptance of qualitative research, illustrating some ways around them drawn from recent research at the Centre for Mental Health Services Development. However, our illustrations throw into relief the potential for tensions between the pragmatic world of health care management and the quality and integrity of qualitative research. The authors, therefore, examine these tensions with reference to recent work on the development of quality criteria and discuss some of the solutions they have attempted.4 http://qhr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/4/552 10.1177/104973299129121965"? I Michael G. Peletz
Evelyn Blackwood
Tom Boellstorff
Clifford Geertz
et al. 2006] Transgenderism and Gender Pluralism in Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times/Comments/Reply 309 Current Anthropology 47 2[ gender identity; transgendered persons; multiculturalism & pluralism; cultural anthropologyz This article develops the concept of "gender pluralism" to analyze historical and ethnographic material bearing on Southeast Asia since early modern times. Deployment of this concept in the context of an analysis that approaches transgenderism as an optic through which to view such pluralism entails an intervention against the grain of much writing on gender and sexuality. This intervention involves an interpretive framework conducive to the comparative historical investigation of culturally interlocked domains that are often separated or ignored in scholarly accounts, as occurs when "gender" is construed as a code word for "women" and is thus stripped of much of its significance before research has begun or when transgender practices or certain modalities of sexuality are examined in relative isolation from other salient components of the more encompassing sex/gender and cultural-political systems of which they are a part. It is argued that for this region and period transgenderism provides a valuable window on gender pluralism partly because the vicissitudes of transgendering are broadly indexical of the greater formalization and segregation of gender roles, the distancing of women from sources of power and prestige, the attenuated range of legitimacy concerning things erotic and sexual, and the constriction of pluralistic gender sensibilities as a whole. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]U http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1040562051&Fmt=7&clientId=20828&RQT=309&VName=PQD 00113204 ~?
Peplau, L. A. 2003- Human sexuality: How do men and women differ? 37-40+ Current Directions in Psychological Science 12 2+ orientation; gender differences; sex drive. A large body of scientific research documents four important gender differences in sexuality. First, on a wide variety of measures, men show greater sexual desire than do women. Second, compared with men, women place greater emphasis on committed relationships as a context for sexuality. Third, aggression is more strongly linked to sexuality for men than for women. Fourth, women's sexuality tends to be more malleable and capable of change over time. These male-female differences are pervasive, affecting thoughts and feelings as well as behaviour, and they characterize not only heterosexuals but lesbians and gay men as well. Implications of these patterns are considered. [References: 15] 15 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Peplau LA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol Franz 1285 Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA 0001 Curr. Dir. Psychol- 672LH-0001 672LH: Document Delivery available ~? Pfeiffer, J. 2004u Condom social marketing, Pentecostalism, and structural adjustment in Mozambique: a clash of AIDS prevention messages 77-103 Medical Anthropology Quarterly 18 1& health; Africa; AIDS; health promotion Mar Despite significant debate about the efficacy, ideology, and ethics of the method, condom social marketing (CSM) has become the dominant approach to AIDS education in many sub-Saharan African countries. However, critics have charged that social marketing (SM) distracts from the structural determinants of health-related behavior and excludes genuine community participation. This article argues that the diffusion of SM techniques in Africa is not driven by demonstrated efficacy but is attributable to the promotion of privatization and free markets in the structural adjustment era across the region. The CSM experience in a central Mozambican community reveals the dangers of using the method at the expense of community dialogue and participation to confront the AIDS epidemic. The advertising campaign developed to sell condoms has clashed with Pentecostal and Independent Churches, now a majority of the population, that have expanded rapidly across the region spreading a contrasting message about sexuality and risky behavior.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15098428! 0745-5194 (Print)
Journal Article 15098428A Case Western Reserve University,Department of Anthropology, USA.? Phillips, Richard 2002l Imperialism and the regulation of sexuality: colonial legislation on contagious diseases and ages of consent 339-362 Journal of Historical Geography 28 36 regulation; colonial legislation; sexuality; Australia This paper examines the production of systems for the regulation of colonial sexualities. Challenging binarised imperial discourse, which attributes the production of sexualised imperialism and imperial sexuality to the metropolitan centre, the paper acknowledges the productivity of colonial margins, and begins to map the complex dispersal of agency across the multidimensional colonial divide. Three case studies in the paper illustrate mechanisms of imposition of British legislation in colonial contexts, but they also identify forms of agency that allowed colonists to either follow or deviate from British models. These case studies, drawn from South Australia and New South Wales at crucial junctures in the production of their legislation on the regulation of sexuality, reveal sexualities that were produced and regulated not simply through crude relations of domination and subordination, but by and through more complex historical-geographical web of power relations. This paper contributes to a broader complication and deconstruction of imperial binaries and, by examining agency and productivity on colonial margins, widens the scope of histories and geographies of moral regulation. http://www.idealibrary.com Salford University, Manchester ?
Pillow, Wanda 2003Q ‘Bodies are dangerous’:using feminist genealogy as policy studies methodology 145 -159 J.Education Policy 18 2 policy; education This paper explores the implications of paying attention to the body, literally and figuratively, in policy analysis and policy theory.Building from recent critical,feminist and post-structural work in policy studies,it develops what is termed a feminist genealogy to aid in an analysis that not only identifies the policy problem and policy subject,but at the same time troubles the doing of policy analysis by putting the arena of policy studies under examination. Feminist genealogy also works to continually forefront the role of bodies in educational policy,theory and practice, yielding an embodied analysis that acknowledges and includes the messiness of body talk in policy studies. Utilizing educational policy surrounding teen pregnancy as an example,it traces how a feminist genealogy,by paying particular attention to discourses,bodies and power,yields an embodied analysis that is interruptive of what one thinks one knows about teen mothers and opens spaces for different questions to be asked.( University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign ? William F. Pinar 2003, “I Am a Man”: The Queer Politics of Race 271-286+ Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 3 30 politics; feminist theory, queer theory; racism; My argument is straight forward if queer: Racism is some sense an “affair” between men. Of course, racism is not only an affair between men.Women have very much been victims: White men’s assaults on Black women from slavery to the present is, for instance, well known. Nor I am suggesting that “race” can be reduced to gender; it cannot. But it does have to do with sex and desire, as the pandemic White male rape of Black female (and, there is some evidence to suggest, male) slaves as well as post-”emancipation” obsessions with Black male sexuality (specifically, rape) make explicit. The centrality of castration in lynching—a primarily post–Civil War phenomenon that took the lives of at least 3,000 mostly young Black men—underscores White men’s interest in the Black male phallus. What I suggest is that racial violence and racial politics cannot be understood unless “queered.”$ author identifies as white and queer? Pincheon, Bill Stanford 2000N An Ethnography of Silences: Race, (Homo)Sexualities, and a Discourse of Africa 39-58 African Studies Review 43 3F homosexuality; social construction; Africa; review; African sexuality, In the study of African sexuality, cultural studies and theories abound with examples of limited, unilinear approaches which tend to reinforce basic assumptions about the nature of social categories, often in a self-perpetuating dynamic that undergirds the social and material bases of their construction and hence solidifies their alterity. even the most well intentioned scholars writing historically on Africans and homosexuality (or blacks and homosexuality) tend to commit such acts of logical fallacy, most often by resorting to a circular cluster of arguments to refute the ahistorical without questioning either the manner in which such refinements are invoked and used, or the inherent ahistoicisms that determine them. This paper will attempt a reassessment of past arguments about African sexuality. Scholars and persons of African descent have a good deal invested in the affirmative acts both of reclaiming and of making history; however, these can never be achieved on the terms of unquestioned, false ideas of the ahistorical. Using a post colonialist critique of writing on Africa and homosexuality, I use the excavatory tools of contradiction, denial, and reversal to examine the tropes that most often have been deployed in discourses on race, Africa, and the sexual in the writing of culture. F? Nicola Piper 2005a A Problem by a Different Name? A Review of Research on Trafficking in South-East Asia and Oceania International Migration 43 1/2 pathology This article has the main objective to review existing research and literature on trafficking in South-East Asia and Oceania in the larger context of regional migration patterns. It attempts to identify key themes and critically assess the knowledge base and gaps that emerge from this review. The major issue areas which are being addressed are: (1) quantification and definitional issues, and (2) resulting responses to trafficking by policy makers and law enforcers. Data and studies from this region confirm findings from other regions in many respects: (1) trafficking in humans emerges as a complex phenomenon that requires multi-dimensional responses; (2) despite its high and growing profile, statistical data and precise figures do not exist; and (3) although our understanding of the processes, dynamics, and underlying causes of human trafficking has substantially improved, it remains largely fragmented. Reflecting the feminization of migratory movements in general and the growing demand and
supply in the sex industries, it appears as if women comprise the bulk of those trafficked. There are, however, also some region-specific issues and trends which yield different findings from studies in other regional contexts.9 National University of Singapore, Asia Research Institute ? Plumridge, Libby
Thomson, Rachel 20037 Longitudinal qualitative studies and the reflexive self 213-2224 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 6 3) methods; longitudinal qualitative studies This paper reviews the utility of the framework offered by Giddens’ 1991 work Modernity and Self Identity: Self and Society in a Late Modern Age, for the analysis of longitudinal qualitative studies. Working from two different longitudinal qualitative data sets, the authors explore the extent to which the notion of the ‘reflexive project of self’ and associated concepts might be operationalized to assist with the analysis and interpretation of empirical data. We first explore the notion of ‘fateful moments’ in a longitudinal qualitative interview-based study of young people’s biographies. We then explore the importance of mechanisms of ‘shame’ as accompaniment to dramatic life transition, using data taken from a 3-year study of female sex workers in New Zealand. The paper concludes by arguing that although Giddens’ work provides us with an interesting starting point and some useful operational tools, in practice the data outgrow the theory.7 Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, NZ ~? Posel, D. 2005t Sex, death and the fate of the nation: Reflections on the politicization of sexuality in post-apartheid South Africa 125-153 Africa 75 2& Politics; South Africa; Sex; Sexuality Unexpectedly, sexuality has become one of the principal sites of contestation in post-apartheid South Africa. This paper demonstrates and accounts for the politicization of sex and sexuality in South Africa since 1994. The first part examines the discursive constitution of sexuality and the ways in which this has been informed by wider dimensions of the post-apartheid social order. Drawing on this discussion, the second part proposes a reading of the notorious HIV/AIDS controversy, which drew President Mbeki directly into the political fray. The paper argues that the controversy, although immediately concerned with the science and treatment of HIV/AIDS, is also a struggle over the discursive constitution of sexuality, in a form which dramatizes the ways in which recently contentious struggles over the manner of sexuality are enmeshed in the politics of 'nation-building', and the inflections of race, class and generation within it. [References: 61] 61 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 39
Reprint available from: Posel D Univ Witwatersrand, WISER ZA-2050 Wits South Africa Univ Witwatersrand, WISER ZA-2050 Wits South Africa 0001 Africa- 959LH-0001 959LH: Document Delivery available+ University of Witwatersrand, WISER ZA-2050 V~? Povinelli, E. A. 20021 Notes on gridlock: Genealogy, intimacy, sexuality 215-238 Public Culture 14 1 kinship; intimacy; sexuality3 Why does the recognition of peoples' worth, of their human and civil rights, always seem to be hanging on the more or less fragile branches of a family tree? Why must we be held by these limbs? The two archives prompting this meditation are not new to me or to anyone else. Moreover, the social worlds and visions of these two archives are, geographically speaking, worlds apart. Stacks of land claim documents sit to the left of me. Some of these documents concern an Australian indigenous claim I am currently working on. Others compose the archives of claims already heard that I hope to use as a precedent for what I am trying to argue in the current case. All of them demand a diagram of a "local descent group." That is what I am doing right now, drawing a genealogical diagram, a family tree, using now-standard icons for sex and sexual relationship: a diamond represents a man; a circle, a woman; an upside-down staple, sibling relations; a right-side-up staple, marriage; and a small perpendicular line between these two staples, heterosexual reproduction. The book I am currently reading, Family Values: Two Moms and Their Son, lies to the right of me. Family Values is a first-person account of the radicalization of a lesbian mother as she fights to adopt her partner's son. The author, Phyllis Burke figures lesbian motherhood in terms of a morbid chiasma: "Eight thousand gay men were prematurely dead in San Francisco by the time Jesse [Burke's son] was two, and yet behind what was almost a shadowy membrane there was a lesbian baby boom. Lesbians were giving birth,... English Article Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Povinelli EA Univ Chicago, Dept Anthropol Chicago, IL 60637 USA Univ Chicago, Dept Anthropol Chicago, IL 60637 USA Univ Chicago, Comm Hist Culture Chicago, IL 60637 USA 0010 Public Cult- 530FV-0010 530FV: Document Delivery available; University of Chicago, Dept Anthropol Chicago, IL 60637 USA ~?
Preves, S. E. 2002X Sexing the intersexed: An analysis of sociocultural responses to intersexuality [Review] 523-556 Signs 27 2 gender; social constructionn I explore here the social construction of gender in North America through an analysis of contemporary and historical responses to infants who are born genitally ambiguous, or intersexed (hermaphroditic).' Bodies that are sexually ambiguous challenge prevailing binary understandings of sex and gender. Individuals who are intersexed have bodies
that are quite literally queer or "culturally unintelligible" (Butler 1993,2). That is, their bodies do not conform to an overarching and largely unexamined social expectation that all humans belong to one of two clearly delineated sex categories, female or male (Wilson 1998).[ http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0097-9740%28200224%2927%3A2%3C523%3ASTIAAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R English Review
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Preves SE Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Sociol Allendale, MI 49401 USA Grand Valley State Univ, Dept Sociol Allendale, MI 49401 USA 0008 Signs- 523FM-0008 523FM: Document Delivery available 8 ~? Puar, J. K. 20017 Global circuits: Transnational sexualities and Trinidad 1039-1065 Signs 26 4: queer tourism; globalisation; identity; gender; sexuality; In 1998,from January to March, I was in Trinidad for the entire length of the Carnival season. The purpose of my presence as an "ethnographertourist" in Trinidad was to evaluate the relationships between globalization, gender, and sexuality.' Specifically, my aim was to query how globalization could be defined in terms of gay and lesbian identities and what, in turn, was shaping gay and lesbian identities in Trinidad in the wake of contemporary processes of globalization. Certady, palpable effects of globalization on gay and lesbian communities seemed to be surfacing in Trinidad at every moment. Gay and lesbian activists were taking part in national, regional, and international networks even as the HIVIAIDS epidemic in the Caribbean had generated a tremendous amount of funding and research support from former colonizing countries in the last fifceen years, and the Internet had enabled global connections that were formerly impossible. An increasing number of gay and lesbian tourists, both "diasporic expatriates" and otherwise, were learning about gay and lesbian community meetings and fetes as well as gay-friendly Carnival masquerades specificallythrough new Web sites and e-mail lists created in 1998 for Trinidadian gays and lesbians. Furthermore, a tremendous amount of Internet activity, diasporic familial scatterings, and educational ventures had enabled a relatively small but privileged and prominent segment of the gay and lesbian community in Trinidad to experience what they called "gay life" not only in other parts of the Caribbean but also in Miami, New York, Toronto, and London. Finally, Carnival the world over was becoming increasingly coded and identified as a gay and lesbian affair, especially by the gay and lesbian tourist industry, and the case was no different in Trinidad
English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Puar JK Rutgers State Univ, Womens Studies Program, Dept Geog Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA Rutgers State Univ, Womens Studies Program, Dept Geog Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA 0005 Signs- 452JL-0005 452JL: Document Delivery available+ Rutgers University, Women's Studies ProgramH F? Puar, Jasbir Kaur 2002> Circuits of Queer Mobility: Tourism, Travel, and Globalization) GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 8 1-2 queer tourism; The field of tourism studies includes only a handful of works examining gay and lesbian tourism, and most of them focus on industry and advertising trends; practices of gay and lesbian consumption remain undertheorized in queer theory. A number of articles, most of them authored by British academics, are heavily indebted to the use of space and place to understand the forces behind the market. Questions of public space and the disruption of heterosexuality through visible and mobile homosexuality are thus crucial to tracking a spatialized understanding of gay and lesbian tourism. Annette Pritchard, Nigel Morgan, and Diane Sedgely gravitate toward the concept of space and claim that gay and lesbian tourists demonstrate the potential for the disruption of public space as well as query the production of public space itself. Visibility politics supply much of the force of certain forms of gay and lesbian travel. As David Alport, coeditor of Out and About, has stated, “What we encourage, and what our mandate has always been, is about traveling openly as gay.” Thomas Roth of Community Marketing, a company whose yearly surveys provide demographic profiles to the gay and lesbian tourism industry, similarly claims that demographic research will continue to “help open more doors around the world for gay and lesbian travelers and provide a warmer, more friendly experience wherever we travel. Rutgers University` ~? Puar, J. K. 2006 Mapping US homonormativities 67-88 Gender, Place & Culture 13 1 homosexuality; USAz In this paper I argue that the Orientalist invocation of the 'terrorist' is one discursive tactic that disaggregates US national gays and queers from racial and sexual 'others', foregrounding a collusion between homosexuality and American nationalism that is generated both by national rhetorics of patriotic inclusion and by gay, lesbian, and queer subjects themselves: homo-nationalism. For contemporary forms of US nationalism and patriotism, the production of gay, lesbian and queer bodies is crucial to the deployment of nationalism, insofar as these perverse bodies reiterate heterosexuality as the norm but also because certain domesticated homosexual bodies provide ammunition to reinforce nationalist projects. Mapping forms of US homo-nationalism, vital accomplices to Orientalist terrorist others, is instructive as it alludes to the 'imaginative geographies' of the US, as the analytic of race-sexuality provides a crucial yet under-theorized method to think through the imaginative geographies' of the US in an age of counter-terrorism. It is through imaginative geographies produced by hono-nationalism, for example, that the contradictions inherent in the idealization of the US as a properly multicultural heteronormative but nevertheless gay-friendly, tolerant, and sexually liberated society can remain in tension. This mapping or geography is imaginative because, despite the unevenness, massively evidenced, of sexual and racial tolerance across varied spaces and topographies of identity in the US, it nonetheless exists as a core belief system about liberal mores defined within and through the boundaries of the US. [References: 35] 351 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Puar JK Rutgers State Univ, Dept Womens & Gender Studies 162 Ryders Lane,Douglass Campus New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA Rutgers State Univ, Dept Womens & Gender Studies New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA 0008 Gend. Place Cult- 026CG-0008 026CG: Document Delivery availableSF? Puri, Jyoti 2005] Conference Report - Transnational Feminist Sociologies: Current Challenges, Future Directions" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2 1$ feminism (International) ; sociologyw On August 13, 2004, just prior to the start of the American Sociological Association's Annual Meeting, a number of feminist social scientists came together to engage with useful conceptual and political approaches to sexuality and gender. In particular, we were drawn to the possibilities for transnational feminist sociology to enrich our research, scholarship and activism. 63 D ? 5 Quinn, James F.
Forsyth, Craig J.
Mullen-Quinn, Carla 2004 Societal reaction to sex offenders: a review of the origins and results of the myths surrounding their crimes and treatment amenability 215 - 232 Deviant Behavior 25 3 Taylor & FrancisL pathology; non-normative sexual behaviour; Policy; Law; Society; sex crimes; March 19, 2007a Examination of societal reaction to sexual offenders reveals a history of harshness exemplified by the sexual psychopath laws of the 1930s. The latest round of legal attempts to control sex offenders uses severe sentencing laws, civil commitment procedures and community notification statutes to confine and shame sex offenders. This paper shows these laws to be based on popular beliefs about the predatory nature of these men, the probability of their re-offense and their amenability to treatment rather than the facts about the sex offenses and offenders. The severe reaction to sexual offenders is a vindictive one based on myth and misunderstanding that serves many interests. The paper exposes the contradictory myths and skewed emotions that guide our view of sex crimes and compares these with the facts about re-offense rates and the effects of treatment.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01639620490431147
0163-9625 ( University of North Texas, Denton, Texas? Reddy, Shakila
Dunne, Mairead 2007P Risking It: Young Heterosexual Femininities in South African Context of HIV/AIDS 159-172 Sexualities 10 2N identities; power; Africa; South Africa; femininities; HIV/AIDS; sexualities;
April 1, 2007, This article explores gender power relations and the contradictions and confusions associated with sexual identity and normative (hetero-)sexual practices. Theories of identity' and performativity' are used to understand the relationships between young women's sexual identity constructions and sexual practices within the context of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. The discussion focuses on young women's accounts of their feminine identities with respect to issues of intimacy and romantic love; pregnancy, virginity and respect; desire, danger and disease; future marriage and family. It highlights the fragility and ambiguity in the processes of identity construction and performance of heterosexual femininity in an HIV/AIDS environment. Significantly, the dominant discourses of femininity through which these young women made sense of their sexual selves, stood in direct contradiction to their sexual safety. Given this, greater understanding of these identity processes would appear vital to successful strategies in the protection against HIV/AIDS in South Africa.= http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/2/159 ) University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 10.1177/1363460707075797 ? Reid, Graeme
Walker, Liz 2004 Sex and Secrecy: The 4th Conference of the International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture, and Society: Johannesburg, South Africa, June 22-25, 2003 98-103" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 1 12 editorial; Africa; South Africa; IASSCS conference Sex is often a barometer of social change, and power struggles and political conflicts around matters of sexuality often reveal wider social anxieties. Sexual behavior, attitudes towards sexuality, and the values, norms, and beliefs that surround sex can also reveal underlying social tensions. In the Southern African region, an area experiencing rapid social transformation, such tensions are evident in fierce public contestations about HIV/AIDS, gender-based violence, and homosexuality. There is thus a particular urgency surrounding issues of sexuality in the societies within the Southern African region. In order to provide an international forum to address issues pertaining to sexuality in a South African and international context, the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research, The Graduate School for the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, and the Gay and Lesbian Archives of South Africa hosted Sex and Secrecy, the 4th conference of the International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture, and Society (IASSCS). Meeting on the WITS campus in Johannesburg, South Africa, in June 2003, this was the first IASSCS International Conference to be held in Africa. Previous conferences were held in Amsterdam, Melbourne, and Manchester.< http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/srsp.2004.1.1.98 doi:10.1525/srsp.2004.1.1.98 m~? Reid, G.
Walker, L. 2005/ Sex and secrecy: a focus on African sexualities 185-94 Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 39 review; Africa; social environment; social identification May
Sexual behaviour and attitudes towards sexuality often reveal wider social anxieties and tensions. In the Southern African region, an area experiencing rapid social transformation, such tensions are evident in fierce public contestations about HIV/AIDS, gender-based violence and homosexuality. There is thus a particular urgency surrounding issues of sexuality in this part of the world. In order to provide an international forum to address issues pertaining to sexuality in a South African and international context, the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research, The Graduate School for the Humanities and Social Sciences and the Gay and Lesbian Archives hosted Sex and Secrecy, the 4th conference of the International Association for the Study of Sexuality, Culture and Society (IASSCS). This was the first time that the conference had been held in Africa. Previous conferences had been held in Amsterdam, Melbourne and Manchester. Attitudes to homosexuality, silence surrounding domestic violence and the whisperings and coded references that accompany HIV/AIDS related deaths are suggestive of broader cultural norms that are usefully understood in relation to “secrecy”. The theme of secrecy, of silence and taboo, and its connections to matters of sex and sexuality provided a new perspective from which to explore these and other issues. Secrecy also offered an innovative way of thinking about sex in relation to the public/private sphere. Media attention given to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, public visibility of gay and lesbian cultures in the wake of legal equality and the increasing prominence of women in public life has meant that issues of gender and sexuality are at the forefront of public debates. The theme of the conference—Sex and Secrecy—therefore sought to engage with pressing concerns emanating from the Southern African situation, while simultaneously resonating with and encouraging international scholarship in the field of sexuality. The conference provided a forum for new ethnographic work and theoretical insights from a range of disciplines, emerging from diverse social contexts. The scale of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and gender based violence in the Southern African region meant that these were at the forefront of the conference agenda. And extreme homophobia in neighbouring states juxtaposed with constitutional equality in South Africa highlight ambivalent responses to homosexuality in the region. Importantly, Sex and Secrecy was not a sex conference in the biomedical tradition. Rather, the aim was to look at the social, cultural and historical dimensions of sex, sexual practice and sexuality. In coupling sex and secrecy, we aimed to foreground the issues of power, stigma and silence. We needed to understand when sex is secret and why.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16864197" 1369-1058 (Print)
Editorial
Review 16864197 University of WitwatersrandҾ? Richardson, Diane 2000H Claiming Citizenship? Sexuality, Citizenship and Lesbian/Feminist Theory 255-272 Sexualities 3 2= citizenship; feminism; lesbian; sexual citizenship; sexuality May 1, 2000S In this article I seek to examine some of the key issues arising from a relatively new and rapidly expanding literature on sexuality and citizenship, looking primarily at how lesbian and gay theorists have engaged with the concept of sexual citizenship in general and lesbian citizenship in particular. I shall explore the question of whether sexual citizenship is being used as a sexual/gender-neutral or a sexual/gender-differentiated concept. In addition, and in so far as citizenship is defined in terms of rights and duties, the question of sexual rights and obligations will be discussed. Overall, an attempt is made to critically assess the complex interrelationships between this new body of work and lesbian/feminist perspectives. I hope to demonstrate how within such theoretical frameworks the expansion of a concept of sexual citizenship is far from unproblematic. These theoretical developments in understanding sexual citizenship are located against a backdrop of changing notions of `sexual politics', more especially the increasingly dominant `equal rights' approach to claiming citizenship.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/3/2/255 Richardson writes with clarity and focus from a lesbian feminist perspective. The article attempts to explain the concept of the sexual citizen and identify the themes and issues in the current discourse on sexual citizenship. Sexualities University of Newcastle, UK ҿ? Richardson, Diane 2004, Locating Sexualities: From Here to Normality 391-411 Sexualities 7 4F citizenship; Lesbian and gay rights; public/private; sexual identities November 1, 2004l Lesbian and gay movements are increasingly demanding equal rights of citizenship on the grounds of being the same' as most heterosexuals. Citizenship is the central concept appealed to in calls for inclusion, and it is through claims to normalcy that social integration is justified. Moreover, it would appear that access to this new citizenship status is located primarily through being in a publicly recognized normative (good gay) couple relationship. This integration of lesbians and gay men into social and political life as normal citizens' represents a significant shift with important implications for (a) understandings of sexual citizenship, (b) the meanings and importance attached to sexual identities and (c) the public/private binary. This article will develop and extend previous theoretical work on sexuality and citizenship by considering these issues.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/4/391 Sexualities University of Newcastle, UK ?
Richardson, Diane 2005E Desiring Sameness? The Rise of a Neoliberal Politics of Normalisation 515-535 Antipode 37 3- citizenship; politics; equal rights; gender; D Since the 1990s the dominant political discourse of social movements concerned with "sexual politics" has been that of seeking access into mainstream culture through demanding equal rights of citizenship. I focus on the changing politics of sexuality in the context of new forms of social governance associated with neoliberalism, central to which is professionalisation and particular forms of knowledge production. Changes in political organising, coupled with the growth in identity-based consumption and the greater visibility of lesbians and gay men as consumer citizens, have provided a variety of opportunities for new professional careers. I discuss these developments and suggest that a key aspect of this increase in professionalisation is the construction of the gay and lesbian subject as part of a national and, in some instances, an international constituency. Finally, I consider how, in recent years, new forms of professionalisation of knowledge production about lesbians and gay men have emerged, not only in terms of political and market interests, but also in the academy.J http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0066-4812.2005.00509.x University of Newcastle, UK $ doi:10.1111/j.0066-4812.2005.00509.x ? & Richardson, Eileen H.
Turner, Bryan S. 2001- Sexual, Intimate or Reproductive Citizenship? 329 - 338 Citizenship Studies 5 3 Routledge citizenship6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13621020120085289
1362-1025 4 ~? Rollins, J. 2002( AIDS, law, and the rhetoric of sexuality 161-191 Law & Society Review 36 1O language; HIV/AIDS; social construction; homosexuality; policy; politics; law; Models of judicial decisionmaking have traditionally relied on legal, political, and contextual variables, emphasizing judges' background, litigants' rights claims, and the relative social status of the parties involved. A recent scholarly expansion has brought cultural variables into the equation, indicating that judicial scholarship might usefully include narrative and rhetoric as measures of legal consciousness. This project examines AIDS-related litigation from the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals between 1983 and 1995, emphasizing the social construction of sexuality. It uses content-based coding and stepwise probit analysis to evaluate the importance of controlling for language that depicts AIDS as a "gay disease" and its association with death and plague metaphors. [References: 78] 78 English Article
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Reprint available from: Rollins J CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Polit Sci Flushing, NY 11367 USA CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Polit Sci Flushing, NY 11367 USA 0009 Law Soc. Rev- 608ZY-0009 608ZY: Document Delivery available/ Queens College, Department of Political Science ~?
Rose, S. 2005* Going too far? Sex, sin and social policy 1207-1232
Social Forces 84 2 education; social policy;" This paper examines the impact of the Religious Right on American social policy as it relates to family, sexuality and reproductive health. The article focuses on the current debates and practices of abstinence-until-marriage programs ills. comprehensive sex education programs - and the ways in which they reflect and affect cultural attitudes about sexuality, teenagers, parents and rights. The manuscript is based on comparative fieldwork, including participant observations in schools and interviews in the United States and Denmark with teenagers, teachers and sexuality educators. We question whether it is sex education that goes too far in promoting early and promiscuous sex or the Religious Right in attempting to censor vital information and services from young people. [References: 118] 118 English Review
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Reprint available from: Rose S Dickinson Coll, Dept Sociol Carlisle, PA 17013 USA 0043 Soc. Forces- 998LL-0043 998LL: Document Delivery available6 Dickinson College, Dept Sociol Carlisle, PA 17013 USA B? F 2 Doreen Rosenthal
Teresa Senserrick
Shirley Feldman 2001J A Typology Approach to Describing Parents as Communicators About Sexuality Archives of Sexual Behavior 30 5 education; family Teenagers in Grades 8 and 10 and their parents completed a questionnaire examining the frequency of parental communications about sexuality and the communicative style when discussing sexuality and in general. Respondents also assessed parents’ competence in communicating about sexual matters. For each set of respondents (teens reporting about mother, teens reporting about father, mothers’ self-reports, fathers’ self-reports), a cluster analysis yielded four clusters that were similar for each set. Relative to other parents, there was a group of parents that could be labelled as competent communicators and a group that could be labelled as problematic communicators about sexuality, with strong associations between cluster membership and score on the global measure of communicative competence. There were two intermediate categories that reflected more or less competence although the precise nature of these clusters differed as a function of informant group. Overall, fathers were rated as poorer communicators about sexuality than were mothers, at least by their teenage children. Consistent with other studies, mothers were more likely to be perceived as effective communicators by daughters and older teens. It appears that, independent of their level of competence, parents adjust their communication strategies according to the age and sex of their child, at least in the eyes of that child. Effective and problematic communicators among mothers were regarded as such by both sets of informants. This was not the case for fathers. We conclude that it is possible to classify parents usefully on the basis of perceived competence as communicators about sexuality. 463( La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia 0004-0002/01/1000-0463$19.50/0 C<7 Ross, M. W. 20054 Typing, doing, and being: Sexuality and the Internet 342-352 Journal of Sex Research 42 48 internet; intimacy; space; social theory; sexual scripts NovB The increasing salience of sexuality on the internet, whether cybersex or use of the internet to make sexual contacts, has focused interest on how internet-mediated sexuality informs social theory This article reviews social theory and sexuality in relation to the internet, with specific reference to the development of intimacy, the association of texts with sexual scripts, the emergence of cybersexuality as a sexual space midway between fantasy and action, and the question of boundaries and the location of the person in sexual interaction. Also, the supplanting of the real by the symbolic, the internet as a sexual marketplace, its important role in creating sexual communities, particularly where sexual behavior or identity is stigmatized, its impact as a new arena for sexual experience and experimentation, and its impact in shaping sexual culture and sexuality are noted. Finally, the importance of the internet as a medium for the exploration of human sexuality and as an opportunity to illuminate previously challenging areas of sexual research is discussed. [References: 48] 42(4) Article Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Ross MW Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, WHO, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res POB 20036 Houston, TX 77225 USA Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, TX 77225 USA 0022-4499
J. Sex Res
987KZ-0008j University of Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, WHO, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, POB 20036, Houston, TX 77225, USA. English ~? ^ Rosser, B. R.
Bockting, W. O.
Rugg, D. L.
Robinson, B. B.
Ross, M. W.
Bauer, G. R.
Coleman, E. 2002 A randomized controlled intervention trial of a sexual health approach to long-term HIV risk reduction for men who have sex with men: effects of the intervention on unsafe sexual behavior 59-71 AIDS Education and Prevention 14 3 Suppl A, health; methods; Randomised Controlled Trial Jun0 This controlled prospective study assessed the effectiveness of a sexual health approach to HIV prevention for men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants (N = 422 Midwestern MSM) were randomly assigned to the intervention group, who participated in a 2-day comprehensive human sexuality seminar designed to contextually address long-term risk factors and cofactors, or to the control group, who watched 3 hours of HIV prevention videos. Risk behavior during the preceding 3 months was measured at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Any unprotected anal intercourse outside a long-term seroconcordant relationship was the dependent variable. Of the total, 14%-24% of the participants were considered at risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. At the 12-month follow-up, the control reported a 29% decrease in the use of condoms during anal intercourse; the intervention group reported an 8% increase (t = 2.546; p = .015). The sexual health seminars appear a promising new intervention at significantly reducing unprotected anal intercourse between men.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12092938q 0899-9546 (Print)
Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 12092938 University of Minnesota, Center for HIV/STI Intervention and Prevention Studies(HIPS), Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Medical School, Minneapolis 55454, USA. rosse001@tc.umn.edu $ ? Y Rostosky, Sharon Scales
Wilcox, Brian L.
Wright, Margaret Laurie Comer
Randall, Brandy A. 2004R The Impact of Religiosity on Adolescent Sexual Behavior:: A Review of the Evidence 677-697 Journal of Adolescent Research 19 6: religion; education; sexual behavior; longitudinal; gender November 1, 2004n Longitudinal studies published between 1980 and 2001 (N = 10) are reviewed for evidence that the religiosity of adolescents is causally related to their sexual behaviors. Results indicate that religiosity delays the sexual debut of adolescent females. Findings are mixed for adolescent males. Although only half of the studies examined the effects of race and ethnicity, results of these studies reported similar effects for White and Black adolescents. These findings are discussed in light of their implications for researchers, educators, policy makers, and others concerned with adolescent sexual health and wellbeing.5 http://jar.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/6/677 University of Kentucky 10.1177/0743558403260019Z? Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane 2000F Expanding the range of interventions to reduce HIV among adolescents. s33-s40 AIDS 14 sup 1 adolescents; HIV/AIDS Structural Factors in HIV Prevention
Objective: Structural interventions are identified to reduce adolescents' HIV risk.
Method: The goals, strategies, approaches, and delivery sites of adolescent HIV prevention programs are reviewed.
Results: In addition to reducing sexual activity and substance use, HIV prevention programs may also reduce adolescents' HIV risk by: decreasing poverty; ensuring access to HIV testing, healthcare, general social skills training, and employment opportunities; and requiring community service for students. Adolescent HIV prevention programs do not currently utilize diverse modalities (computers, videotapes, television, telephone groups, computerized telephones) or sites (parents' workplaces, religious organizations, self-help networks, primary healthcare clinics) for delivering interventions. Diversifying current approaches to HIV prevention include: economic development programs; mandating delivery of programs at key developmental milestones (e.g. childbirth, marriage) and settings (school-based clinics, condom availability programs); securing changes in legislative and funding policies through ballot initiatives or lawsuits; and privatizing prevention activities.
Conclusions: To implement structural HIV interventions for adolescents requires researchers to shift their community norms regarding the value of innovation, adopt designs other than randomized controlled trials, expand their theoretical models, and adopt strategies used by lawyers, private enterprise, and lobbyists.
http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/abstract.00002030-200006001-00005.htm;jsessionid=GxWNG2jyT1TDQyJtJfn3t42BDkr6BQwyyB6YMQvRyV1lkmMsrQHX!-1905490407!-949856144!8091!-1 <7 Rupp, L. J. 2001- Toward a global history of same-sex sexuality 287-302# Journal of the History of Sexuality 10 2* homosexuality; social construction; review Apr This is the presumptuous title of a paper I delivered for what I believe was the first-ever session on “Gay and Lesbian History/L’histoire de l’homo-sexualité” at the International Congress of Historical Sciences, held in August 2000 in Oslo. As I did there, let me hasten to say here that I do not claim knowledge of same-sex sexuality in every time and every place. But the blossoming of research on a wide range of manifestations of same-sex sexuality calls for an attempt at global thinking. Although my own work is rooted in U.S. and European history, I would like to make use of the work of scholars focusing on different parts of the world to reflect on what patterns might emerge. I take up this task from the perspective of one firmly committed to a social constructionist perspective on sexuality. Thus, I recognize that making transhistorical comparisons can be a risky business. Nevertheless, I think we can learn something by thinking about same-sex sexuality from a global viewpoint. 10(2)
Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences Current Contents(R)/Arts & Humanities.
Reprint available from: Rupp LJ Ohio State Univ, Dept Hist Columbus, OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ, Dept Hist Columbus, OH 43210 USA 1043-4070 J. Hist. Sex
477FN-00106 Ohio State Univ, Dept Hist, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, . EnglishF? Rushbrook, Dereka. 20021 Cities, Queer Space, and the Cosmopolitan Tourist) GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 8 1-2 queer tourism; After reviewing earlier instances of urban tourism centered on a quest for a place-based exotic other, I outline the shift toward urban governance that has paralleled the rise of queer space’s visibility. I then briefly survey the literature that describes the production of different forms of this space. Finally, after examining certain links among the entrepreneurial city, queer space, and tourism, I question the implications of this evolving relationship. University of Arizona <7 Rust, P. C. 2002# Bisexuality: the state of the union 180-240 Annu Rev Sex Res 13 bisexuality; gender identity,
In many contemporary Occidental societies, bisexuality is paradoxical. Commonly conceived as a combination of heterosexuality and homosexuality, bisexuality as such became conceivable only after the popularization of the hetero/homosexual dichotomy during the late 19th and 20th centuries. Paradoxically, however, the concepts of hetero- and homosexuality, reflecting the cultural belief that an individual's feelings of sexual attraction are naturally directed toward the other sex or, alternatively, toward the same sex, simultaneously renders bisexuality--as an attraction to both genders--inconceivable. In this article, I review the historical and cultural processes that produced the paradoxical conceivability of bisexuality. I then discuss the cultural attitudes toward bisexuality that result from this paradox and show how scientific research on bisexuality has been guided by popular conceptions of, and attitudes toward, bisexuality. Finally, I review efforts to reconceptualize bisexuality for both political and scientific purposes, and summarize recent research on bisexuality using these reconceptualizations. This summary includes research on the prevalence of bisexuality, prejudice against bisexuals, patterns of bisexual behavior, and the meaning of bisexual self-identity.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12836732 & Journal Article, Review, United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 128367322 Hamilton College, USA. paularust@world.oberlin.edu eng? Ryan-Flood, Roisin 2005c Contested Heteronormativities: Discourses of Fatherhood among Lesbian Parents in Sweden and Ireland 189-204 Sexualities 8 2 fatherhood, lesbian parents May 1, 2005` This article explores discourses of fatherhood among lesbian parents in Sweden and Ireland, based on interviews with 68 participants. Swedish lesbian parents generally expressed a strong preference for a known donor who would play an active parenting role. In contrast, Irish participants usually chose an uninvolved donor, but nonetheless one whose identity was known, albeit usually only to the lesbian parents. The significance of biology to kinship was both destabilized and reinforced, while gender and parenting discourses were also reinvented in complex ways. Reproductive decision-making among lesbian parents reflects hegemonic discourses of fatherhood in both countries. The ways that these discourses are subverted and reinscribed reveals the situatedness of lesbian parents in national contexts, where the Other' is deeply embedded in local discourses.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/2/189 University of Essex, UK 10.1177/1363460705050854 ~? Rydstrom, H. 2006? Sexual desires and 'social evils': Young women in rural Vietnam 283-301 Gender, Place & Culture 13 3# theory; Female Sexuality; Vietnam; Vietnam's increased integration into the global market economy entails rapid and dynamic changes that foster new ways of acting, interacting and rendering the world meaningful. This article addresses the ways in which an ongoing process of transformation in contemporary Vietnam is epitomised by the ambivalence and ambiguity with which female sexuality is imbued. Female sexuality is ideally restricted to marriage and motherhood, meaning that females' premarital or extramarital sexual relations tend to be associated with the category of 'social evils' (te nan xa hoi). The category of 'social evils' is vague in definition and was introduced into Vietnamese society by virtue of what was seen as the country's increased involvement in a morally polluted world. By drawing on two periods of fieldwork (1994-1995 and 2000-2001) in a northern rural Vietnamese commune, this article highlights the ways in which female sexuality in a local field site is intertwined with anxieties about the forces of a global and 'poisonous culture' (van hoa doc hai) that may lead young women to transgress moral limits: for example, by having premarital sex. For many rural female adolescents sexuality thus means a need of self-imposed and/or governmentally imposed control in order to guarantee appropriate morality. For others, however, sexuality means the involvement in premarital sexual relations and, hence, a crossing of moral boundaries. [References: 59] 59$ English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Rydstrom H Linkoping Univ, Inst Themat Res S-58183 Linkoping Sweden Linkoping Univ, Inst Themat Res S-58183 Linkoping Sweden Lund Univ, Ctr E & SE Asian Studies S-22007 Lund Sweden 0005 Gend. Place Cult- 061EG-0005 061EG: Document Delivery available9 Linkoping Univ, Inst Themat Res S-58183 Linkoping Sweden <7 7 Salyers Bull, S.
Lloyd, L.
Rietmeijer, C.
McFarlane, M. 2004 Recruitment and retention of an online sample for an HIV prevention intervention targeting men who have sex with men: the Smart Sex Quest Project 931-43 AIDS Care 16 8I internet; msm; Follow-Up Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Patient Selection Nov There is an increasing interest in developing interventions for HIV and STD prevention that can be delivered on the Internet. However, we know little about what it takes to identify, recruit and retain participants in interventions so that we can test their efficacy and effectiveness. Objectives for this investigation were to evaluate rates of recruitment and retention in an Internet-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) to increase sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM). The Smart Sex Quest study was a RCT conducted online. Eligible participants were MSM, at least 18 years old and US residents. After completing a baseline risk assessment, participants were exposed to tailored or control messages and asked to return to the site at three months for a follow-up interview. From January 2002 through June 2003, 3,625 persons logged on as potential study participants; of these, 563 were not eligible, while 1,286 left the site without filling out a baseline survey. Complete baseline data were available for 1,776 participants, all of whom were eligible to complete a follow-up. Complete follow-up data were available for 270 (15.2%) participants. While the Internet is a valuable tool for conducting research, conducting this longitudinal research online was severely affected by a loss to follow-up, and analyzing outcome data was hampered by significant differences between those who did and did not complete the study. Alternate ways to recruit for and evaluate online trials must be considered.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15511725 B Clinical Trial
Journal Article
Randomized Controlled Trial
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 15511725 University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Colorado Health Outcomes Program, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, USA. sheana.bull@uchsc.edu eng~? Sanders, T. 2005I 'It's just acting': Sex workers' strategies for capitalizing on sexuality 319-342 Gender, Work & Organization 12 4 sex workers; intimacy; violence; This article reports on an ethnographic study of female sex workers in Britain who work in the indoor prostitution markets. The empirical findings contribute to the sex-as-labour debate and add to the sociological literature regarding the gendered and sexualized nature of employment, particularly the aesthetic and emotional labour of service work. Grounding the empirical findings in the theory of identity management and emotional labour and work, the article reviews some of the existing examples of how sex workers create emotion management strategies and describes an additional strategy, that of the 'manufactured identity'. I argue that sex workers create a manufactured identity specifically for the workplace as a self-protection mechanism to manage the stresses of selling sex as well as crafting the work image as a business strategy to attract and maintain clientele. Drawing on comparisons between sex work and other feminized service occupations, I argue that sex workers who are involved in prostitution under certain conditions are able to capitalize on their own sexuality through the construction of a manufactured identity. The process of conforming to heterosexualized images in prostitution is conceptualized as not simply accepting dominant discourses but as a calculated response made by sex workers to manipulate the erotic expectations and the cultural ideals of the male client. [References: 91] 91 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2005 week 32
Reprint available from: Sanders T Univ Leeds, Dept Sociol & Social Policy Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England Univ Leeds, Dept Sociol & Social Policy Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England 0002 Gend. Work. Organ- 943NI-0002 943NI: Document Delivery available ҿ? Sanders, Teela 2006T Sexing Up the Subject: Methodological Nuances in Researching the Female Sex Industry 449-468 Sexualities 9 45 sex work; methods; ethnography; qualitative methods; October 1, 2006 There has been a recent expansion in research into various markets and aspects of the sex industry. With investigation on the increase, this article takes a step back to consider the trials and tribulations of researching female sex work. First the article reviews the difficulties that can be posed by ethics committees and offers solutions to convince officials of the feasibility of the setting and method. Second, concentrating on the access phase, I explore the methodological nuances of researching the sensitive, sometimes hidden and often illicit world of commercial sex. Third, I analyse how inquiry into commercial sexual behaviour and the sexual fieldsite presents particular issues in terms of managing ethical dilemmas in the field; negotiating the researcher role; and both the pleasures and dangers of researching this aspect of social life where the main topics are sex and money. In the conclusion I draw links between the methods used to investigate the sex industry and the development of theoretical debates. These points will be made with reference to the literature and my own work over the past five years in the UK sex industry, including a 10-month ethnography of the indoor prostitution markets.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/4/449 Sexualities University of Leeds~? T Schensul, S. L.
Mekki-Berrada, A.
Nastasi, B. K.
Singh, R.
Burleson, J. A.
Bojko, M. 2006` Men's extramarital sex, marital relationships and sexual risk in urban poor communities in India 614-24 J Urban Health 83 41 relationships; India; sexual behavior; unsafe sex Jul= The objectives of this paper are to (1) understand the nature of men's extramarital sexuality in three low income communities in Mumbai, India; (2) explore the associations between marital relationships and extramarital sex; and (3) assess the implications of the research results for intervention. Results are based on survey data collected from 2,408 randomly selected men from the three study communities and a matched subset of 260 randomly selected men and their wives who responded to a female version of the men's survey. These surveys produced a unique data set, which allows sociodemographic, attitudinal and behavioral variables from husband and wife and variables that are the product of husband and wife interaction to be utilized to predict men's extramarital sex through multiple sequential logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that men's extramarital sex is significantly associated with husband's and wife's age, wife's perception of domestic violence, husband's education and place of birth, husband's alcohol use, wife's willingness to engage in marital sex, and types of marital sexual acts. These results confirm the need to move from the individual to the couple as the unit of research and the need for intervention to reduce the risk of HIV/STI transmission within marriage both in India and internationally.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16755388F 1099-3460 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 16755388 University of Connecticut, Center for International Community Health Studies, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030-6325, USA. Schensul@nso2.uchc.edu <7 # Schmitt, D. P.
Couden, A.
Baker, M. 2001~ The effects of sex and temporal context on feelings of romantic desire: An experimental evaluation of sexual strategies theory 833-847( Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 27 74 theory; desire; mate selection; sexology; evolution; Jul1 According to evolutionary theories of human mating, people should feel the most romantic desire toward potential mates who possess reproductively adaptive attributes. Across five person-perception experiments involving staged interviews, we found that men's and women's feelings of romantic desire can be manipulated by varying adaptive attributes in a target person. For example, during some interviews participants were exposed to an experimental confederate exhibiting cues to easy sexual access. Because men's short-term sexual strategy is based on obtaining high numbers of partners, it was predicted that exposure to a target person suggesting easy sexual access would especially intensify men's short-term romantic desires. The authors found evidence that targets who exhibited cues to easy sexual access were rated the most desirable by men in the context of short term mating. Discussion focused on limitations of the current studies and on the importance of invoking methodological pluralism when testing evolutionary theories of romantic desire. [References: 55] 27(7)
Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Schmitt DP Bradley Univ, Dept Psychol Peoria, IL 61625 USA Bradley Univ, Dept Psychol Peoria, IL 61625 USA 0146-1672 Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull
444XL-0006= Bradley University, Dept Psychology, Peoria, IL 61625, USA, . English ? Schoepf, Brooke G 2001X International AIDS Research in Anthropology: Taking a Critical Perspective on the Crisis 335-361 Annual Review of Anthropology 30% HIV; critical theory; Africa; stigma ? Anthropological literature on AIDS in the international arena from the 1990s shows researchers' increasing attention to linkages between local socio-cultural processes that create risk of infection and the lifeworlds of sufferers to the global political economy. Focus on Africa, where the heterosexual epidemic has attained catastrophic proportions, reveals some cultural particularisms but many more regularities in the social production of disease. Global inequalities of class, gender, and ethnicity are revealed, as poverty, powerlessness, and stigma propel the spread of HIV. Anthropologists' witness to suffering, their concern and engagement, are potent elements in the research process and in advocacy in the field of international research on AIDS is a significant contribution to anthropology in the twenty-first century ~? J Schuler, S. R.
Anh, H. T.
Ha, V. S.
Minh, T. H.
Mai, B. T. T.
Thien, P. V. 2006F Constructions of gender in Vietnam: In pursuit of the 'Three Criteria' 383-394 Culture, Health & Sexuality 8 5 gender; equality; Vietnam Vietnam has advanced far beyond most other developing countries and, indeed, surpasses many developed countries in adopting a legal framework based on gender equality, and in creating institutions and programmes to support women's advancement. Inegalitarian gender norms have also persisted, however. The Vietnam Women's Union promotes women's educational, political and economic advancement but simultaneously exhorts women to pay attention to their Confucian role of maintaining family hierarchy and harmony. This paper presents findings from qualitative research examining gender relations at the grassroots level in central Vietnam. It argues that the Vietnam Women's Union could support women more effectively by promoting greater diversity in gender norms and by initiating a public discussion to address the pressures women face in trying to achieve ideals that are often experienced as contradictory and unattainable. [References: 19] 19Z English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2006 week 43
Reprint available from: Schuler SR Acad Educ Dev, Empowerment Women Res Program 1875 Connecticut Ave NW Washington, DC 20009 USA Acad Educ Dev, Empowerment Women Res Program Washington, DC 20009 USA Consultat Investment Hlth Promot Hanoi Vietnam 0001 Cult. Health Sex- 086DS-0001 086DS: Document Delivery availableY Acad Educ Dev, Empowerment Women Res Program 1875 Connecticut Ave NW Washington, DC 20009 ~? Schwartz, P. 2000G Creating sexual pleasure and sexual justice in the twenty-first century 213-219+ Contemporary Sociology-A Journal of Reviews 29 1 educationN The twentieth century has liberalised both sexual practice and sexual justice. English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Schwartz P Univ Washington Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Seattle, WA 98195 USA 0020 Contemp. Sociol.-J. Rev- 300EV-0020 300EV: Document Delivery availablecF? Scourfield, Jonathan 2005 Suicidal Masculities Sociological Research Online 10 2 masculinity; suicidal phenomena Across the West, suicide rates in young men have been rising for some time. This trend has attracted considerable media attention and is oftend cited within medai discourse as evidence of a 'crisis of masculinity'. ?! # Scourfield, Jonathan
Coffey, Amanda 2006c Access, Ethics and the (Re)construction of Gender: The Case of Researcher as Suspected 'Paedophile' 29 - 404 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 9 1 Routledge methods; ethnographic; March 13, 2007 This paper presents an account of an access encounter, and uses this case to reinforce the potential for access meetings to provide a rich source of ethnographic data. The paper originates from one of the authors' experience of negotiating research access in a UK local authority social services department. In response to a summary research proposal sent in advance that expressed interest in social work with men, a gatekeeper expressed his concern during an initial meeting that the author might be a ‘paedophile’ wanting to make contact with others of a similar persuasion. This encounter, and the issue of sexual abuse that it introduced, highlights a number of ethical, epistemological and gendered tensions for ethnographic work, which this paper attempts to negotiate. Some of the potential implications of this specific access meeting are discussed, and set within broader methodological and empirical contexts.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13645570500436122 1364-5579 Cardiff University?" Scraton, Sheila 1999> Guest Editorial: The Big Ghetto: Gender, Sexuality and Leisure 157-159 Leisure Studies 18 3 Routledge editorial; Conference papersm The papers in this special issue are drawn from the proceedings of the 4th International LSA Conference, The Big Ghetto: Gender, Sexuality and Leisure, held at Leeds Metropolitan University in July 1998, the main theme of which provided the opportunity, also, to host concurrently the 2nd International Women and Leisure Conference, the rst being at the University of Georgia, USA, in May 1995. The conference title was chosen to encourage the dissemination of the rich diversity of research and scholarly work that has developed in the area over the past few decades. A key aim of the conference was to bring together work from different countries and cultures and to forge links between feminist and pro-feminist work from a range of academic disciplines. Leisure provides the context for exciting work that erects bridges between and across disciplines such as sociology, women’s studies, psychology, sport studies, cultural geography, history, tourism, popular culture and so on. The papers in this special issue, selected by the organisers and the lesiure studies editorial board, refect the rich diversity and multidisciplinary nature of the conference. With over 100 presentations to choose from, this collection only touches on the range of issues covered but does refect the international nature of the conference and the breadth and depth of empirical and theoretical debate.D http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/026143699374899 RD - 2007/02/09
TY - JOUR 0261-4367?# Seidman, Steven 2001c From Identity to Queer Politics: Shifts in Normative Heterosexuality and the Meaning of Citizenship 321 - 328 Citizenship Studies 5 3 Routledge sexual citizenship} This essay argues that there is occurring in the United States something of a shift from identity to queer politics, which is paralleled by changes in the social patterns of normative heterosexuality. I consider some of the implications for thinking about sexual citizenship. In particular, I comment on the ambivalent relationship of a queer politics to a politics of citizenship.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13621020120085270 1362-1025 %[ June 20, 2007 ҿ?$ Sheff, Elisabeth 2006 Poly-Hegemonic Masculinities 621-642 Sexualities 9 5( masculinities; men; polyamory; sexuality December 1, 2006 This article explores polyamorous men's potential to both enlarge and reinforce the concept of hegemonic masculinity through their emotional expressions and management, as well as their sexual expressions and relationships. Polyamorous people openly engage in romantic, sexual, and/or affective relationships with multiple people simultaneously. Polyamory differs from swinging with its emphasis on long-term, emotionally intimate relationships; and from adultery with its focus on honesty and (ideally) full disclosure of the network of sexual relationships to all who participate in or are affected by them. Both men and women have access to additional partners in polyamorous relationships, distinguishing them from polygynous ones. My ethnographic analysis expands sociological understandings of hegemonic masculinity by investigating this previously unexamined area of men's sexual and romantic interactions. Employing R.W. Connell's framework of hegemonic masculinity, I analyze some of the ways in which the polyamorous men in my sample are complicit with, marginalized by, subordinate to, and resistant of hegemonic codes of masculinity. I thus expand Connell's configuration of hegemonic masculinity to include active defiance to its requirements and conclude that, to varied degrees, these poly men attempt to redefine their masculinities and resist the strictures of hegemonic masculinity.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/5/621 Sexualities 10.1177/1363460706070004~?% Shelp, S. G. 2002I Gaydar: visual detection of sexual orientation among gay and straight men 1-14 Journal of Homosexuality 44 1* identity; homosexuality; visual perception! Currently, American gay people believe they have a unique ability to pick each other out in a crowd (often termed "gaydar" ["gay" + "radar"]). This was established through a nationwide Internet-mediated survey (n = 460). To test for the presence of this ability in gay men, the researcher asked self-identified gay and straight male participants to view a series of unfamiliar men on videotape and determine the sexual orientation of each. The higher overall accuracy of gay men demonstrated a trend level difference from their straight cohorts although falling short (primarily due to small sample size) of the p < 0.05 level. A theory for the emergence of this skill (termed "Adaptive Gaydar" by the author) as a unique perceptual ability/coping mechanism uinique among gay people is also presented.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12856753! 0091-8369 (Print)
Journal Article 12856753B California State University, Northridge, USA. scottcsunmft@aol.com;& Margrit Shildrick 2007 K Contested Pleasures: The Sociopolitical Economy of Disability and Sexuality 53–66" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 4 1 pleasure; disability March Consideration of sexual pleasure in the lives of people with disabilities plays little part in lay consciousness, and practically none in social policy. This article investigates such repression by engaging with a cultural imaginary that fears nonnormative sexuality as being a potential point of societal breakdown. Recent work in disability studies gives a very different understanding of the sexuate body that opens up the parameters of sexuality for everyone. This work challenges current social policy’s supposedly rational utilitarian basis and the principle of equality that together ground a sociopolitical economy of disability predicated on rehabilitation or compensation. Nonetheless, the call for sexual citizenship for people with disabilities is fraught with difficulties, not least regarding the potential extension of governmentality. An effective approach not only will take into account the sociopolitical aspects of this issue but also will respond to both the full embodiment of disability and its significance in mainstream culture.$ Journal of NSRC http://nsrc.sfsu.eduB Queen's University, School of Sociology and Social Policy, Belfast This article is about social policy and the invisibility of disabled individuals and specifically their sexual desires and behaviour.?' Shiu-Ki, Travis Kong 2004L Queer at Your Own Risk: Marginality, Community and Hong Kong Gay Male Bodies 5-30 Sexualities 7 1 space, politics February 1, 2004 Hong Kong gay men have always been subordinated under heterosexism and the disciplinary notion of hegemonic masculinity in the straight world and hegemonic cult gay masculinity in the gay world. Dominance, however, is not securely held, but must constantly be won. Under the postcolonial administration, Hong Kong gay men are not enthusiastic about the political sphere of life; rather, they have tended to shift from institutional politics to cultural politics. Cultural space has become the primary location for the production of texts that disrupt the norm of hegemonic heterosexuality under the commodity logic of capitalism. Moreover, using their own forms of embodied cultural capital, Hong Kong gay men tend to take the path of micro-resistance in combating societal domination. This can be seen from their engagement in public sex and in their involvement in the commercial gay scene. Based on the voices' of 34 Hong Kong gay men, this article argues that Hong Kong gay men negotiate a gay identity that is sensitive and flexible to different institutional arenas; this allows them to strive for sexual freedom and create their own space for social interaction and sexual desire.: http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/1/5 Hong Kong Polytechnic University 10.1177/1363460704040136 R?( Russell Shuttleworth 2007 f Introduction to Special Issue Critical Research and Policy Debates in Disability and Sexuality Studies 1–14" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 4 1
disability March This special issue of Sexuality Research and Social Policy: Journal of NSRC highlights some of the present research trends in this vital area and discusses several social policy concerns. The idea for the special issue emerged from the fifth biennial IASSCS (International Association for the Study of Sexuality and Culture in Society) Conference, titled Sexual Rights and Moral Panics, held in 2005 at San Francisco State University.Some extraordinary papers on disability and sexuality were presented at that conference, three of which are included in this special issue. These articles vary methodologically, with Fraley, Mona, and Theodore (2007) discussing clinical experiences in their article, “The Sexual Lives of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People With Disabilities: Psychological Perspectives”; Abbott and Burns (2007) reporting on substantive data from qualitative research in their article, “What’s Love Got to Do With It?: Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People With Intellectual Disabilities in the United Kingdom and Views of the Staff Who Support Them”; and Dawn Reynolds (2007) presenting a case study in her article, “Disability and BDSM: Bob Flanagan and the Case for Sexual Rights.” All three articles offer important suggestions for social policy in their respective areas. The last article, by Margrit Shildrick (2007), “Contested Pleasures: The Sociopolitical Economy of Disability and Sexuality,” takes an expansive and critical view of the field from the perspective of cultural theory. electronic ISSN 1553-6610.N University of California, Berkley, Institute of Urban and Regional Development o~?) Silberschmidt, M.
Rasch, V. 2001u Adolescent girls, illegal abortions and "sugar-daddies" in Dar es Salaam: vulnerable victims and active social agents 1815-26 Soc Sci Med 52 120 adolescent; Africa; Sexual Behavior; Abortion; Jun+ Adolescent girls' early sexual activity, early pregnancy, induced abortions and the increase in HIV infections have become major concerns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts, though, to understand their sexual behaviour and to prevent reproductive health problems are almost non-existent. Adolescent girls are normally seen as victims and easy preys of (often older and married) men's sexual exploitation. This article, which is based on a qualitative study of 51 adolescent girls who had just had an illegal abortion in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, reveals that these girls are not only victims but also willing preys and active social agents engaging in high-risk sexual behaviour. In order to get material benefits they expose themselves to serious health risks, including induced abortion - without realising their own vulnerability. In our study, one out of four girls had more than one partner at the time they became pregnant, and many counted on an illegally induced abortion if they got pregnant. Even if adolescents are now allowed free access to family planning information, education and services, our study shows that this remains in the realm of theory rather than practice. Moreover, most adolescent girls are not aware about their right to such services. The paper concludes that the vulnerability of adolescent girls increases without the recognition that sexuality education and contraceptive services do not constitute a licence to practice illicit sex - but rather a means to create more mature and responsible attitudes and to increase sexual and reproductive health.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11352408! 0277-9536 (Print)
Journal Article 11352408 University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Department of Women and Gender Research in Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Denmark. m.silberschmidt@pubhealth.ku.dk ?* Silverman, Doris 2003@ Theorizing in the Shadow of Foucault: Facets of Female Sexuality 243-272 Psychoanalytic Dialogues 13 2# theory; Foucault; Female sexuality; Foucault challenged the unified, the foundational, and the codified system of knowledge because he believed that the epistemological privilege attached to “scientific” theory lead to a dominating discourse. This occurs, Foucault believed, not only through social institutions, but also through the language, rituals, and practices of ordinary communicative experiences, which are vehicles for the subtle domination of knowledge; and all knowledge serves power and the dominant hierarchy. Engaging with Foucault, I challenge some traditional psychoanalytic views and indicate how the psychoanalytic discourse contributed to the shaping of female sexuality. Using a “genealogical” approach such as Foucault considered, I trace some of the historical factors, as well as the Zeitgeist for women that shaped early psychoanalytic views. I offer, as well, challenges to Foucault’s position because I maintain the relevance of truth claims for the advancement of a psychoanalytic theory of mind and behavior. Such claims, however, need to be held lightly, subject, as they inevitably are, to revision through the acquisition of new knowledge. I present the attachment system as a contrast, as well as an addition to some traditional theorizing, thereby expanding our notions of early development and its interdependent base. I especially challenge the concept of early-stage symbiosis and its role in limiting and constraining women’s lives. In this article I focus primarily on the power relations that have shaped female sexuality and have influenced our knowledge and understanding of female development. I challenge some normative views. Such a challenge to normativity is consistent with Foucault’s entire intellectual journey, as his biographer comments (Eribon, 1991). My vision includes a conviction about the importance of theory construction and its development, and it proceeds from the focus on research data about the organization of mind and the nature of early bonding. I structure my presentation of female sexuality around the inclusion of such knowledge. I concede that as I upend an old "truth" about the developmental line of female sexuality, I am establishing a new one that will need future interrogation. My hope is that the new narrative will offer another perspective to our view of female sexuality. New York University <7+ ' Simbayi, L. C.
Chauveau, J.
Shisana, O. 2004Z Behavioural responses of South African youth to the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a nationwide survey 605-18 AIDS Care 16 5< adolescent; Africa; South Africa; sampling; sexual behaviour Jul South Africa is reported to have the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world. The present study investigated the behavioural responses of South African youth to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. A multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 2,430 youths aged 15-24 was selected, 46.9% of them males and 53.1% females. Nurses administered questionnaires to consenting youths, measuring behavioural risks and also took an oral fluid specimen for HIV antibody testing. It was found that the median age of sexual debut for both sexes was 16.5 years; most of the youths were sexually experienced with no variation by sex; sexual experience was highest among Africans living in informal urban areas; partner turnover was low and multiple partners were more common among African males living in urban informal settings; sexual frequency among sexually active youth was relatively low; secondary abstinence during the past 12 months was 24%; condom use at last sexual intercourse was high, at 52.8% for males and 47.6% for females, especially among Africans living in urban informal settings; and the majority of youths (74%) indicated that they had discussed HIV prevention with their partners during the past 12 months. These results suggest that South African youth are heeding the message to abstain, be faithful and use a condom; messages that are at the core of South Africa's HIV/AIDS prevention programme.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15223530 8 Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England 0954-0121 (Print) AIDS care 15223530s Human Science Research Council, Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, Cape Town, South Africa. lsimbayi@hsrc.ac.za eng?, Simpson, Anthony 2007B Learning Sex and Gender in Zambia: Masculinities and HIV/AIDS Risk 173-188 Sexualities 10 23 masculinities; Africa; Zambia; HIV/AIDS; risk; sex;
April 1, 2007 For men in Southern Africa to play an effective role in efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, more needs to be learnt about their perceptions of themselves as engendered sexual beings. The author describes how a group of Zambian men learnt sex and gender and highlights the importance of the peer group in constructions of masculinity. He reveals the anxieties these men experienced in their early sexual experience and the significance of this experience in adult life. He argues that many expressions of masculinity are best understood as fragile entities and that this fragility, inculcated in childhood and adolescence, explains, in part, the risks men may take in their sexual conduct in spite of the threat of HIV/AIDS.= http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/2/173 10.1177/1363460707075799 ~?- % Singh, S.
Darroch, J. E.
Frost, J. J. 2001x Socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent women's sexual and reproductive behavior: the case of five developed countries
251-8, 289 Family Planning Perspective 33 6( adolescent; research; comparitive study; Nov-Dec CONTEXT: Differences among developed countries in teenagers' patterns of sexual and reproductive behavior may partly reflect differences in the extent of disadvantage. However, to date, this potential contribution has received little attention. METHODS: Researchers in Canada, France, Great Britain, Sweden and the United States used the most current survey and other data to study adolescent sexual and reproductive behavior. Comparisons were made within and across countries to assess the relationships between these behaviors and factors that may indicate disadvantage. RESULTS: Adolescent childbearing is more likely among women with low levels of income and education than among their better-off peers. Levels of childbearing are also strongly related to race, ethnicity and immigrant status, but these differences vary across countries. Early sexual activity has little association with income, but young women who have little education are more likely to initiate intercourse during adolescence than those who are better educated. Contraceptive use at first intercourse differs substantially according to socioeconomic status in some countries but not in others. Within countries, current contraceptive use does not differ greatly according to economic status, but at each economic level, use is higher in Great Britain than in the United States. Regardless of their socioeconomic status, U.S. women are the most likely to give birth as adolescents. In addition, larger proportions of adolescents are disadvantaged in the United States than in other developed countries. CONCLUSIONS: Comparatively widespread disadvantage in the United States helps explain why U.S. teenagers have higher birthrates andpregnancy rates than those in other developed countries. Improving U.S. teenagers' sexual and reproductive behavior requires strategies to reduce the numbers of young people growing up in disadvantaged conditions and to help those who are disadvantaged overcome the obstacles they face.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11804434! 0014-7354 (Print)
Journal Article 11804434- The Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, USA. ~?. ) Smith, L. H.
Guthrie, B. J.
Oakley, D. J. 20052 Studying adolescent male sexuality: Where are we? 361-377 Journal of Youth & Adolescence 34 4< adolescent; male; health-risk behaviors; Latino adolescents; This article critically reviews the literature about adolescent males' sexuality in order to describe the state of the science and to identify promising concepts and research designs that have the potential to guide the next generation of research. A critique was conducted on 94 peer-reviewed studies of sexual behaviors that included a sample of adolescent males; 11 scholarly texts and 2 dissertations. Most studies lacked a theoretical foundation and had cross-sectional designs. For those studies with a theoretical base, 3 perspectives were most often used to guide research: cognitive, biological, or social-environmental. Studies frequently relied on older adolescents or young adult males to report behaviors during early adolescence. Male-only samples were infrequent. Findings include (a) the measurement of sexual activity is frequently limited to coitus and does not explore other forms of "sex"; (b) cognitive factors have been limited to knowledge, attitudes, and intent; (c) little is known about younger males based on their own self-reports; (d) little is known about the normative sexuality development of gay adolescent males; and (e) longitudinal studies did not take into account the complexities of biological, social, and emotional development in interaction with other influences. Research on adolescent sexuality generally is about sexual activity, with little research that includes cognitive competency or young males' sense of self as a sexual being. The purpose of the paper is to critically review the literature about male sexuality in order to describe the state of the science as well as to identify potential directions to guide the next generation of adolescent male sexual being research. [References: 125] 125 English Review
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Reprint available from: Smith LH Oakland Univ, Sch Nursing 458 O Dowd Hall Rochester, MI 48309 USA Oakland Univ, Sch Nursing Rochester, MI 48309 USA Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Undergrad Program Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Non Tradit Program Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan, Ctr Nursing Res Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA 0009 J. Youth Adolesc- 952FP-0009 952FP: Document Delivery availableM Oakland University, School of Nursing 458 O Dowd Hall Rochester, MI 48309 USA F~?/ ? Smith, T. E.
Steen, J. A.
Spaulding-Givens, J.
Schwendinger, A. 2003A Measurement in abstinence education. Critique and recommendations 180-205 Eval Health Prof 26 2+ education; abstinence; sexual behavior; USA JunI The purpose of this article is to identify, assess, and offer solutions to common measurement errors found in sexual abstinence education evaluation. A critical review of the methodology of adolescent sexuality research was performed. "Gold standards" of their measurement strategy were derived and applied against 14 selected studies. Many of the articles reviewed had substantial limitations in their measurement strategies. However, several articles demonstrated excellence and serve as models for future efforts. Sexual abstinence education evaluation is plagued by the inherent weaknesses of self-report and health outcome measures. However, with careful adherence to the gold standards proposed, it is possible to limit the threat from these weaknesses, maximizing the benefit of self-report surveys and county-level health indicators.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12789711( 0163-2787 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 12789711g Florida State University, School of Social Work, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2570, USA. tsmith@mailer.fsu.edu ~?0 h Sogolow, E. D.
Kay, L. S.
Doll, L. S.
Neumann, M. S.
Mezoff, J. S.
Eke, A. N.
Semaan, S.
Anderson, J. R. 2000M Strengthening HIV prevention: application of a research-to-practice framework 21-32 AIDS Education and Prevention 12 5 Suppl2 HIV; public health practice; technology transfer; @ As the HIV epidemic continues to affect at-risk and vulnerable populations, providers strive to improve prevention programs, in part by seeking new interventions with greater effects. Although interventions with scientific evidence of effectiveness are vital to this effort, many challenges limit access to research products. We examine key challenges and offer a framework for moving research to practice, one in which research steps are linked to practice steps and all these activities take place in a complex and dynamic environment. The Replicating Effective Programs (REP) project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other technology transfer activities illustrate the operation of this framework for HIV prevention. Further actions to improve technology transfer are called for. These include reducing time from study design to practice; learning from field-based implementations; providing guidance about fidelity to, and tailoring of, science-based interventions; improving linkages among consumers, providers, and researchers; and seeking additional resources.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11063067! 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article 11063067 National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention--Intervention Research and Support, , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. eds0@cdc.gov :~?1 Somerville, J. 2001h Germaine Greer versus the new feminism: Gender politics in the United Kingdom and United States [Review] 351-385 Social Politics 8 3$ feminism, family; Ideology; Culture. This article takes as its departure point the contemporary debate between feminists about the future of feminism and its status with a new generation of women given particular public prominence by Greer's best-selling book, The Whole Woman. While the interchanges have aroused much media interest, the focus of this article is the debates as they are articulated in feminist writing, academic, political, and journalistic, rather than as they are represented in secondary accounts by professional media observers. The current controversy is located in the response of self-identified feminists to the context of changing socioeconomic and political conditions of the last two decades of the twentieth century and identifies issues around sexuality and the family as critical in polarizing feminist opinion. The article traces the discursive patterns and shifts of orientation in the ways in which feminists relate to the family and examines why certain positions gain greater credence at particular times. Greer's feminist writing over thirty years, while idiosyncratic in many ways, is taken as a paradigm of a continuity of purism in feminist thought which resists the current pragmatic approaches of the "new feminists.". [References: 160] 160 English Review
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Reprint available from: Somerville J Univ N London, Fac Environm & Social Studies London N7 8DB England Univ N London, Fac Environm & Social Studies London N7 8DB England 0005 Soc. Polit- 530KU-0005 530KU: Document Delivery availableO University of North London, Fac Environm & Social Studies London N7 8DB England n~?2
Spronk, R. 20050 Female sexuality in Nairobi: flawed or favoured? 267-77 Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 30 relationships; Africa; Sexuality; Gender; Women; May Studies of female sexuality in Africa tend to adopt an instrumental approach, many times problematizing sexual conduct in relation to HIV infection and/or reproduction. This study aimed to explore sexuality as a relational concept. Using interviews and participant observation, the paper shows how sexuality becomes a point of self-identification for young professional women in Nairobi between 20 and 30 years-old. These women form a group who implicitly and explicitly criticize conventional gender roles through the overt pursuit of sexual pleasure as recognition of their womanhood. This aspect of the feminine sense of self is at odds with normative notions of femininity. To avoid criticism for being 'un-proper', women adopt a deferential attitude towards men. The focus on upwardly mobile professional women and their experiments with new types of heterosexual relations in dating provides insight into both sexuality and gender.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16864202! 1369-1058 (Print)
Journal Article 16864202n University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam School for Social Science Research (ASSR), The Netherlands. r.spronk@uva.nl F?3 Srivastava, Sanjay 2000+ Masculinity, Sexuality and Culture in India IIAS Newsletter Online 22 methods; ethnography; India The project 'Masculinity, Sexuality and Culture in India: Systems of knowledge, sites of practice' seeks to address the almost total lack of 'ethnographic' scholarly research on issues of masculinity and sexuality in India in order to position these in the context of the AIDS pandemic in the Subcontinent. Research on masculinity and sexuality in the Indian context must assume a new urgency in view of the reported trends in the pandemic in the Subcontinent.
. http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/22/regions/22SA6.html u~?4 Stacey, J.
Biblarz, T. J. 2001= (How) does the sexual orientation of parents matter? [Review] 159-183 American Sociological Review 66 2I rights; lesbian-mother families; division-of-labor; heterosexual parents.+ Opponents of lesbian and gay parental rights claim that children with lesbigay parents are at higher risk for a variety of negative outcomes. Yet most research in psychology concludes that there are no differences in developmental outcomes between children raised by lesbigay. parents and those raised by heterosexual parents. The analysis here challenges this defensive conceptual framework and analyzes how heterosexism has hampered intellectual progress in the field. The authors discuss limitations in the definitions, samples, and analyses of the studies to date. Next they explore findings from 21 studies and demonstrate that researchers frequently downplay findings indicating difference regarding children's gender and sexual preferences and behavior that could stimulate important theoretical questions. A less defensive, more sociologically informed analytic framework is proposed for investigating these issues. The framework focuses on (I) whether selection effects produced by homophobia account for associations between parental sexual orientations and child outcomes; (2) the role of parental gender vis-a-vis sexual orientation in influencing children's gender development: and (3) the relationship between parental sexual orientations and children's sexual preferences and behaviors. [References: 106] 106 English Review
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Reprint available from: Stacey J Univ So Calif, Dept Sociol Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA Univ So Calif, Dept Sociol Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA 0001 Am. Sociol. Rev- 423TQ-0001 423TQ: Document Delivery availableE University of Southern California, Dept Sociol, Los Angeles, CA 90089T ҿ?5 Steinbugler, Amy C. 2005f Visibility as Privilege and Danger: Heterosexual and Same-Sex Interracial Intimacy in the 21st Century 425-443 Sexualities 8 4M race; heterosexual privilege; interraciality; invisibility; queer; visibility October 1, 2005 Sexuality scholars largely neglect interracial intimacy in the United States as a site worthy of sustained empirical research. Consequently, monoraciality is not adequately problematized or identified as a racial prerequisite to fundamental heterosexual privileges. Further, by implicitly constructing same-sex couples as monoracial, scholars fail to consider how heterosexuality and White supremacy together saturate public spaces to render queer interraciality profoundly invisible. In this essay I critique the monoracial bias of sexuality research by analyzing interracial narratives on the topic of visibility. Using in-depth qualitative interviews with four heterosexual and four same-sex interracial couples, I argue that for interracial partners a paradoxical tension surrounds visibility. Though couples may seek public affirmation of intimate relationships, for both heterosexual and queer interracial couples, public recognition risks harassment or violence.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/4/425 Sexualities Temple University, Philadelphia)~?6 Stephen, L. 20011 Gender, citizenship, and the politics of identity 54-69 Latin American Perspectives 28 6= Latin America; gender; social movements; motherhood; identity While it is clear to women in grassroots movements that participation is a constant process of negotiating difference, the need to create unitary names, symbols, and goals can result in the essentialization of women as 'mothers', as in the case of El Salvador's Co-Madres, or as Indians', as in the case of indigenous women participating in and supporting the struggle of the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion Nacional (EZLN) and, more broadly, Mexico's national movement for indigenous autonomy.A English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.- 485BU-0005 485BU: Document Delivery available?7
Stephen, Lynn 2002) Sexualities and Genders in Zapotec Oaxaca 41-59 Latin American Perspectives 29 2 Sage Publications, Inc. gender; mexico The southern Mexican state of Oaxaca provides a cross-section of the multiple gender relations and sexual behaviors and roles that coexist in modern Mexico. Looking at contemporary gender and sexuality in two Zapotec towns highlights the importance of historical continuities and discontinuities in systems of gender and their relationship to class, ethnicity (earlier coded as race), and sexuality. The various sexual roles, relationships, and identities that characterize contemporary rural Oaxaca suggest that instead of trying to look historically for the roots of "homosexuality," "heterosexuality," or even the concept of "sexuality," we should look at how different indigenous systems of gender interacted with shifting discourses of Spanish colonialism, nationalism, and popular culture to redefine gendered spaces and the sexual behavior within them. Clear differences between elites and those on the margins of Mexican society underscore the importance of divisions by class and status.Z http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0094-582X%28200203%2929%3A2%3C41%3ASAGIZO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G 0094-582X
Article type: Full Length Article / Issue Title: Gender, Sexuality, and Same-Sex Desire in Latin America / Full publication date: Mar., 2002 (200203). / Copyright 2002 Sage Publications, Inc. University of Oregon ?8 Storr, Merl 2000 Response to Elsa Glick 46-48 Feminist Review 64 Spring feminism; materialismq Storr agrees with Elisa Glick's critique of the pro-sex glorification of sexual transgression and most of her other views. Storr notes, however, that Louis Althusser attempts to formulate a materialist theory of ideology, and as such he needs to be able to claim that ideology is itself material. This claim leads Althusser to an insight which he does not fully pursue..?9 = Vicki Strange
Simon Forest
Ann Oakley
the Ripple Study Team 2003_ Using research questionnaires with young people in schools: the influence of the social context 337-3464 International Journal of Social Research Methodology 6 4 methods; education While there is an extensive literature on the use of self-completion questionnaires as a research tool, very little attention has been paid to the influence of the social context in determining the ways in which questionnaires are used in practice. Institute of Education, London ?: Stychin, Carl F. 2001( Sexual Citizenship in the European Union 285 - 301 Citizenship Studies 5 3 Routledge citizenship This article examines two different uses of the language of citizenship: in the context of the 'sexual citizen', and the transnational 'European citizen' of European Union politics. It begins with an exploration of how the concept of citizenship has been constitutively built on a set of binary constructs of in/exclusion and can prove a disciplining and regulatory concept. Yet, simultaneously, citizenship can have an active and democratic potentiality. The article interrogates these two faces of citizenship by considering the mobilization of lesbians and gay men through the International Lesbian and Gay Association Europe (ILGA Europe), and the engagement of ILGA with the institutions of the European Union. The article concludes that European and sexual citizenship underscores the tension, not only between active and passive citizenship forms, but more generally, between identity and difference. This tension demands, in turn, a reappraisal of identity-based thinking, in favour of a more coalitional, affinity-based politics .6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13621020120085252 1362-1025 %[ June 20, 2007 F?;
Sylvia Tamale 2003; Out of the Closet: Unveiling Sexuality Discourses in Uganda Feminist Africa 2 gender; homosexuality; Africa sҿ?< Tambiah, Yasmin 2005I Turncoat Bodies: Sexuality and Sex Work under Militarization in Sri Lanka 243-261 Gender & Society 19 2; culture; militarization; nationalism; sex work; sexuality;
April 1, 2005
In Sri Lanka's armed conflict, gender, sexuality, and sex work are intermeshed with militarized nationalism. Militarization entrenches gender performances and heteronormative schemes while enabling women to transgress these--whether as combatants or as sex workers. Familiarly, in this nationalist encounter, women are expected to safeguard culture, notably through proper dress and sexual conduct. Sexualactivity that challenges containment arouses anxiety because loyalty to military groupor communal boundary can be compromised. Drawing on three examples--adress codecall by a Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam women's wing, consequences for a woman alleged to be a sex worker, and the public stripping of an alleged suicide bomber at a military checkpoint--this article explores how gendered behaviors and sexualities marked as culture are constructed and controlled in the interests of militarized, nationalist projects; how women can be both agents and objects of these controls; and the implications for women who refuse to comply.4 http://gas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/2/243 Gender Society4 Centre for Feminist Legal Research, New Delhi, India ~?=
Taylor, Y. 2005P The gap and how to mind it: Intersections of class and sexuality (research note) 70-83 Sociological Research Online 10 3( identities; lesbians; class; sexuality; This research note is grounded in the findings of my PhD thesis 'Working- class lesbians: classed in a classless climate' (2004), which examines the significance of class and sexuality in the lives of women who self-identify themselves as working-class and lesbian, who are necessarily, unavoidably, painfully and pleasurably, living out the intersection of class and sexuality. I aim to offer an oversight of the project, taking account of the material and subjective inputs into working-class lesbian identity. Drawing on data collected from a series of interviews I will highlight the interconnections between class and sexuality and the role they play in relation to identities and experiences. By drawing on and critically evaluating previous work in the field and related fields I will illustrate the various ways in which working-class lesbians may be seen to constitute a gap in the literature. Hoping to address this gap and this invisibility, I will examine the ways in which class and sexuality are negotiated and represented by my interviewees. I contrast lived experience with notions of a 'queer identity' and the material constraints imposed upon the normative expression of identity. [References: 32] 32 English Article
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Reprint available from: Taylor Y Univ Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia Univ Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia 0004 Y Sociol. Res. Online1 010XM-0004 010XM: Document Delivery not available, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308 ~?>
Thaweesit, S. 2004? The fluidity of Thai women's gendered and sexual subjectivities 205-219 Culture, Health & Sexuality 6 3 gender; methods; ethnographic This paper reports on an ethnographic study of gender and sexuality as factors within contemporary Thai factory women's subjectivities. Competing discourses of what it means to be a woman in contemporary Thai society make women's self-presentations fluid and incoherent. Data from participant-observation and open-ended interviews suggest that the fluidity and inconsistency of women's self-presentations reflect both their negative experiences and oppression within the Thai patriarchal system, and women's strength and resistance to the normative discourses that oppress them. By naming or reinterpreting experiences and desires in their own terms, Thai factory women can redraw elements of their own lives. [References: 12] 12 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Thaweesit S Ubon Ratchathan Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Univ, Fac Liberal Arts Warinchaprap 34190 Ubon Ratchathan Thailand 0003 Cult. Health Sex- 820AQ-0003 820AQ: Document Delivery availableA Ubon Ratchathani University, Fac Liberal Arts Warinchaprap 34190 7~??
Thianthai, C. 2004h Gender and class differences in young people's sexuality and HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviours in Thailand 189-203 Culture, Health & Sexuality 6 3 adolescent; Thailand; gender; This study examines gender and class differences in young people's beliefs about sexuality and HIV/AIDS risk-taking behaviours in Thailand. Sixty young people aged 15-19, divided equally by gender and socioeconomic background, participated in focus groups and in-depth interviews. Four topics were explored: the differences between 'good' and 'bad' girls/boys; young people's perceptions of sexuality; social class variations in young people's knowledge of HIV/AIDS and perceptions of risk; mid the most influential institutions shaping young people's sexual attitudes. Results showed that young people screened potential sexual partners utilizing an image of 'good girls/boys' as potential HIV/AIDS-free partners; young people defined sexuality in terms of love/sexual relationships, premarital sex, promiscuity, and virginity; and HIV/AIDS awareness varied according to class. Young people of all classes failed to demonstrate an in-depth understanding of how they can contract AIDS. They neither viewed themselves as being ill all at-risk group, nor considered their sexual behaviours to be at-risk behaviours. Finally, family, friends, and mass media were reported to be among, the most influential institutions shaping voting people's sexual attitudes. Ill the struggle against HIV/AIDS, these institutions together with health education not only protect but also call empower voting people ill Thailand. [References: 13] 13A English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.- 820AQ-0002 820AQ: Document Delivery availableK Chulalongkorn University, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bangkok ?@ Tolman, Deborah L. 2006~ Introduction to Special Issue: Through a Lens of Embodiment: New Research From the Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality 1-7" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 3 4 theory; embodiment In these challenging times, conducting research about sexuality may appear at first glance to be unthinkable, impossible, or, at the very least, unwise. perhaps it is an enhanced sense that our work is at risk - born of questionable social policies, dubious colleagues and unfathomably high cutoff scores for funding grant proposals - that has made sexuality research seem more than ever like a wrongheaded enterprise.; http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/srsp.2006.3.4.1 doi:10.1525/srsp.2006.3.4.1< <7A Tolman, D. L.
Diamond, L. M. 2001[ Desegregating sexuality research: cultural and biological perspectives on gender and desire 33-74 Annu Rev Sex Res 12 gender; desire; social control;6 Scholarly investigations into male and female sexuality over the life course have long occupied two separate "camps": One focused on the biological aspects of sexuality and one focused on the sociocultural/political aspects. This bifurcated approach has been particularly ill suited for the study of sexual desire, a topic that has been generally undertheorized by sex researchers. A modern reappraisal of gender and sexual desire is proposed that takes into coordinated account both the biological and sociocultural/political factors that produce and shape subjective sexual desires over the life course. The specific relevance of this approach for three particular topic areas, adolescent sexual maturation, same-sex sexuality, and sexual dysfunction, is addressed. Methodological approaches to the study of gender and sexuality capable of investigating how cultural and biological factors intersect to shape the subjective quality of men's and women's desires at different points in the life course and within different sociocultural and interpersonal contexts are advocated.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12666736 $ Journal Article
Review
United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 12666736Z Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, MA 02481-8203, USA. dtolman@wellesley.edu enge~?B Tomsen, S.
Mason, G. 2001A Engendering homophobia: Violence, sexuality and gender conformity 257-273 Journal of Sociology 37 3 gender; masculinity; gay.: The links between social constructions of sexuality and gender are theoretically and politically problematic. A contemporary social movement understanding of violence against gay men and lesbians as 'homophobic' suggests a solid basis for coalitionist action. But important aspects of the imposition of gender conformity are a common thread in the experience of female, male and transsexual victims and the motives of perpetrators. Detail of violent and hostile incidents is drawn from two Australian studies: Victorian research on the experiences of 75 lesbians and a New South Wales study of 74 homicides with anti-homosexual motives. Violent acts commonly reflect the hatred and stigma felt towards women and men whose sexuality falls outside of acceptable gendered boundaries. Additionally, this research signals the importance of violence and harassment for the attainment and protection of a masculine identity among perpetrators, and the significance of gender in ways that call for a new understanding of 'homophobia' as a socially widespread phenomenon. [References: 50] 50 English Article
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Reprint available from: Tomsen S Univ Newcastle, Dept Sociol & Anthropol Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia Univ Sydney, Dept Gender Studies Sydney NSW 2006 Australia 0003 J. Sociol- 514PP-0003 514PP: Document Delivery availableM University of Newcastle, Dept Sociol & Anthropol Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia~?C Tomso, G. 2004/ Bug chasing, barebacking, and the risks of care 88-111; discussion 128-33 Literature & Medicine 23 1J HIV; public health; risk-taking; homosexuality; sexual behavior/psychology SpringZ Tomso analyzes a form of gay, HIV-positive sex that waves a certain flag at the world. Neither condoning nor condemning practices of unprotected sex, Tomso examines popular representations of bug chasing and barebacking as a way of gaining deeper access to popular and professional debates over the meanings of gay sexuality and epidemic disease.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15264511( 0278-9671 (Print)
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Review 15264511 Ithaca College, USA.~?D Traina, C. L. H. 2000B Maternal experience and the boundaries of Christian sexual ethics 369-405 Signs 25 2$ relationships; sexuality; motherhood This study asks those questions of experiences of maternity in particular. This approach receives support from two quarters. First, some Western women experience motherhood as sensuous, erotic, or sexual. Second, scholars in the natural and social sciences stress the multidimensionality of women's sexuality, including its links to maternity. These specifically sexual dimensions of maternal experience I call maternal sexuality. I shall argue that the experience of maternity as erotically pleasurable is not categorically perverse- that it can be, in fact, a moral good- and that we must revise our ideals and norms of mothering in order to account for it. English Review
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Reprint available from: Traina CLH Northwestern Univ, Dept Relig Evanston, IL 60208 USA Northwestern Univ, Dept Relig Evanston, IL 60208 USA 0005 Signs- 293QE-0005 293QE: Document Delivery available5 Northwestern Univ, Dept Relig Evanston, IL 60208 USA ҿ?E Tyler, Melissa 2004a Managing between the Sheets: Lifestyle Magazines and the Management of Sexuality in Everyday Life 81-106 Sexualities 7 1 language; social construction February 1, 2004J Considering the intersection between managerial discourses, sexuality and contemporary cultural resources such as lifestyle magazines, this article reflects critically on the extent to which the discourses and techniques associated with the management of bureaucratic organizations have been incorporated into the (self-)management of sexuality and sexual relations. Locating its concern with sexuality within critical social theory, the article develops a critique of the work of those who emphasize the postmodernization of sexuality and the informalization of management. Drawing on recent research involving an analysis of management texts and lifestyle magazines, as well as a series of semi-structured interviews, it argues that contemporary cultural discourses on sexuality, permeated as they are by references to managerial imperatives such as efficiency and effectiveness, serve to arrest the inter-subjective aspects of eroticism (Bataille, 1962; Rose, 1995) and to reduce sexual relations in the contemporary era to yet another aspect of the reflexive project of self' (Giddens, 1992).: http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/1/81 Sexualities Loughborough University, UK 10.1177/1363460704040144 ?F J. Richard Udry 2000( Biological Limits of Gender Construction 443-457. American Sociological Review 65 3 gender; social construction;
Jun., 20004 A biosocial theory of gender is constructed on both the macro and micro levels. A micro-model of within-sex differences among females integrates the biological model current in primatology with the prevailing social science model. It shows how sex differences in hormone experience from gestation to adulthood shape gendered behavior
(that is, behavior that differs by sex). On the macro level, this model also illustrates how socialization and environment shape gendered behavior. It then demonstrates how hormone experiences can facilitate or dampen the effects of socialization and environment on gendered behavior. Data are from a sample of women who were studied from before they were born to the end of their third decade. I speculate about the constraints placed by biology on the social reconstruction of gender. University North Carolina USA ~?G Upton, R. L. 2001g 'Infertility makes you invisible': Gender, health and the negotiation of fertility in northern Botswana 349-362# Journal of Southern African Studies 27 2G reproductive health; social construction; Africa; Botswana; infertilityO Contemporary demographic discourse and population policies in southern Africa tend to focus upon the positive value of low, and ever lowering, total fertility rates. In Botswana, statistics suggest a high rate of extramarital fertility and a rapidly increasing HIV infection rate. While these represent visible problems for demographers and policy makers, infertility - a significant problem for many Botswana - remains 'invisible' in much of demographic discourse. This paper suggests that while infertility may be an invisible demographic variable, it is particularly significant in the lives of the people of northern Botswana and it can be a useful lens through which to view cultural constructions of gender and health. For many women in Botswana, infertility, the apparent inability to bear children, is a serious social and physiological concern and one that is intricately tied to local perceptions of contraceptives and witchcraft, for example. In addition, with large scale migration by men to other areas of southern African, women find themselves confronted with various economic concerns and the necessity to negotiate childbearing in that context. It is argued that a more social and ethnographic understanding of the importance of fertility can lead to a better understanding of why some population policies are not particularly efficacious. This paper is based upon ethnographic fieldwork in northern Botswana and represents an attempt to synthesise anthropological and demographic approaches to the concept of fertility by examining the often overlooked variable of infertility. [References: 36] 36 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Upton RL Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, ISR, CEEL POB 1248,426 Thompson St Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA Univ Michigan, Dept Anthropol, ISR, CEEL Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA 0010 J. South. Afr. Stud- 450PP-0010 450PP: Document Delivery available ?H Jeffery Vacante 2005A Writing the History of Sexuality and "National" History in Quebec 31 Journal of Canadian Studies 39 2 social history, sexuality[ This article examines the ways that historians write about sexuality. It finds that Quebec historians, like their English-Canadian counterparts, have embraced attempts to integrate the history of sexuality and national history. Unlike those English-Canadian historians who write about sexuality to disrupt traditional national narratives, however, Quebec historians write about it in ways that tend to reinforce traditional assumptions about national history. Pointing to the risks that can arise when the history of sexuality is harnessed too closely to national history, the author argues that the history of sexuality in Quebec has come to reflect the priorities of national history in ways that have deprived it of the influence it has earned elsewhere, and stripped it of the ability to challenge the dominance of national history. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]T http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=866825621&Fmt=7&clientId=20828&RQT=309&VName=PQD 00219495 University of Western Ontario ?I Valocchi, Stephen 2005[ Not Yet Queer Enough: the lessons of Queer Theory for the Sociology of Gender and Sexuality 750-770 Gender & Society 19 60 queer theory; performativity; power; ethnography This article gauges the progress that sociologists of gender and sexuality have made in employing the insights of queer theory by examining four recent monographs that have utilized aspects of queer theory in their empirical work: Rupp and Taylor (2003), Seidman (2002), Bettie (2003), and Schippers (2000). The article uses the insights of queer theory to push the monographs in an even "queerer" theoretical direction. This direction involves taking more seriously the nonnormative alignments of sex, gender, sexuality, resisting the tendency to essentialize identity or conflate it with the broad range of gender and sexual expression and treating the construction of intersectional subjectivities as both performed and performative in nature. The analysis of these texts also insists that a queer sociological theory situate its emphasis on discursive power more firmly in economic, political, and other institutional processes. Ethnographic methods are proposed as the most useful way of combining queer theory with sociological analysis.& Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut?J Valverde, Mariana 2006H A new entity in the history of sexuality: the repectable same-sex couple 155 Feminist Studies 32 1 homosexuality; sexual identity "Homosexuality" could only emerge when European scientific knowledges began to peer into and construct-an inner "self," a personal identity that the nineteenth century saw as a matter of physiology and that the twentieth century regarded as fundamentally psychological.
F?K ! van de Rijt, Arnout
Macy, Michael 2006) Power and Dependence in Intimate Exchange
Social Forces 84 3A relationships; intimacy; social exchange theory; sexual activity;> A division of labor is mediated by exchange of valued foods and services. We use social exchange theory to extend this principal to 'labors of love'. Sexual activity in a close personal relationship seems outside the domain of bargaining and exchange. nevertheless, we explore the possibility that this most intimate of human relations is influenced by exchange mechanisms. We derive exchange-theoretic predictions about the level of sexual effort and test the using U.S. survey data on sexual behavior. Results provide modest support for the predictions. Sexual favors are reciprocated, and individuals offer greater sexual gratification to partners wha are themselves more sexually generous and less emotionally attached. Evidence is inconclusive for the effects of relative income, physical attractiveness and household chores. 1455 Cornell University~?L VanLandingham, B.
Trujillo, L. 2002n Recent changes in heterosexual attitudes, norms and behaviors among unmarried Thai men: A qualitative analysis 6-15* International Family Planning Perspectives 28 1C relationships; Thailand; sexually-transmitted diseases; condom use; CONTEXT. High risks of HlV infection have led to dramatic changes in patterns of early sexual experience among young Thai men. We know little about the shifts in attitudes and expectations underlying these changes in behavior. METHODS: In-depth interviews with 10 young men are used to explore recent changes in the social context of male heterosexual relations in Thailand. Changes in ideas about the appropriateness and availability of commercial and noncommercial sexual relationships are examined, as well as changes in ideas regarding the importance of condom use during various types of sexual encounters. The use of standard interview guidelines and the systematic coding and analysis of transcripts allows comparison of these issues across cases. RESULTS: In large part because of fears about AIDS, at least some younger Thai men are rebuffing older friends' efforts to initiate them into traditional patterns of sexual life, patterns that emphasize heavy alcohol consumption followed by a group visit to a brothel. Some participants report that opportunities exist for sexual relationships with female peers, these opportunities appear to be leading men and women to reevaluate longstanding patterns of male sexual expression. CONCLUSIONS: The changing context of mens early sexual behavior should be considered when developing programs to prevent commercial sex patronage and to reduce the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases through noncommercial or quasicommercial sexual relationships. [References: 54] 54 English Article
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Reprint available from: VanLandingham B Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med New Orleans, LA 70118 USA Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med New Orleans, LA 70118 USA 0001 Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect- 535TZ-0001 535TZ: Document Delivery availableF Tulane University, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med New Orleans, LA 70118 USA <7M Vanwesenbeeck, I. 2001T Another decade of social scientific work on sex work: a review of research 1990-2000 242-89 Annu Rev Sex Res 12& sex workers; commercial sex; condoms; The international, psychological and sociological research literature on prostitution from 1990 through 2000 is reviewed. The stage is set by scanning topics and perspectives in earlier writings. Then the research is discussed under the following headings: (a) HIV related research (HIV prevalence studies, factors in condom use, and prevention program evaluation); (b) workers' background and motivational issues (early victimization and connected factors, economic motives and connected factors); (c) work related issues (working routines, risks and stresses, and managing risk, work and identity); (d) research on clients, and (e) issues related to social and legal status. The literature is still much more about sex than it is about work. In addition, although an increasing number of authors have criticized the dominance of a deviance perspective over work perspectives on prostitution, the literature still reveals many features of stigmatization. For instance, the wrongs associated with sex work are all too often attributed to the nature of sex work itself instead of to the stigma attached to it or to specific negative circumstances. Likewise, the association between prostitution and negative features (in particular HIV and early victimization) is overwhelming, despite evidence that, for large groups of sex workers, these issues are of limited relevance. Generally, writers fail to adequately differentiate among types of sex workers. In particular, in relation to issues of health and well-being, differentiation among sex workers on the basis of specific features of their working situation (e.g., contexts, routines, relations, conditions) has hardly been studied and is recommended for the future.f http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12666742 $ Journal Article
Review
United States 1053-2528 (Print) Annual review of sex research 12666742g Netherlands Institute of Social Sexological Research Utrecht, The Netherlands. i.vanwesenbeeck@nisso.nl eng 4 ~?N F Vicioso, K. J.
Parsons, J. T.
Nanin, J. E.
Purcell, D. W.
Woods, W. J. 2005^ Experiencing release: Sex environments and escapism for HIV-positive men who have sex with men 13-19 Journal of Sex Research 42 1/ HIV; msm; risk behavior; cognitive escape model? There are nonsexual reasons that may motivate people to seek out sexual activity with others. Some men who have sex with men may seek out sex environments to engage in sexual behavior. Among the nonsexual reasons that exist for men who have sex with men is a desire to escape from distressing thoughts and feelings. The amplified sexuality and other unique characteristics of sex environments allow men to have more intense emotional experiences around sex. Using the cognitive escape model as a theoretical foundation, this analysis focuses on the emotional vulnerability that some of the men who visit these venues may be avoiding and how their experiences at these venues might act as releasing mechanisms to alleviate dissonant thoughts and feelings. Implications for public health services and future research are discussed. K English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Parsons JT CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol New York, NY 10021 USA CUNY, Grad Ctr, Ctr HIV Educ Studies & Training New York, NY USA Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Atlanta, GA USA Univ Calif San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94143 USA 0003 J. Sex Res- 910GT-0003 910GT: Document Delivery availableX City University of New York, Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol 695 Pk Ave New York, NY 10021 USA~?O
Vigoya, M. V. 2002@ Dionysian blacks - Sexuality, body, and racial order in Colombia 60-77 Latin American Perspectives 29 2) identity; Latin America; race; sensualism Much has been said about whites' fascination with black people and particularly with the eroticism and sensuality of black women. However, there has hardly ever been an examination of black people's views of the stereotype of them as Dionysians, - fundamentally interested in sensual pleasure. Do they consider it negative or do they give it a positive value? And, if the latter, is this transformation to be interpreted as a form of resistance or as a re-elaboration of racist conceptions.
English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Vigoya MV Natl Univ Colombia, Fac Human Sci Bogota Colombia Natl Univ Colombia, Fac Human Sci Bogota Colombia 0004 Lat. Am. Perspect- 522NG-0004 522NG: Document Delivery available; National University Colombia, Fac Human Sci Bogota Colombia ~?P ( Vinh-Thomas, P.
Bunch, M. M.
Card, J. J. 2003~ A research-based tool for identifying and strengthening culturally competent and evaluation-ready HIV/AIDS prevention programs 481-98 AIDS Education and Prevention 15 6B methods; cultural competence; HIV Infections/*prevention & control Dec Recent literature on racial disparities in HIV/AIDS and effective HIV/AIDS health service delivery efforts has underscored the importance of cultural sensitivity, relevance and competence in reducing such disparities and providing effective health service delivery. Less work has been done on the role of cultural competence in the delivery of effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs, perhaps because few such prevention programs aimed at minority populations have to date been demonstrated as effective. This article surveys the various ways that the concept of cultural competence has been studied, extends the concept to the field of HIV/AIDS prevention, and presents a simple-to-use instrument that operationalizes the concept for use with HIV/AIDS prevention programs. The article also explores the idea of evaluation readiness among HIV/AIDS prevention programs in the hope of eventually enlarging the pool of minority-focused HIV/AIDS programs demonstrated as effective. The resultant tool can serve as a research-based framework that: (a) serves as a cost-effective way to select promising programs--especially promising minority-focused programs-for rigorous outcome evaluation; (b) advances the field of HIV/AIDS prevention research by providing a conceptual framework for studying the relationship between cultural competence and program effectiveness; and (c) serves as a framework for building capacity in HIV/AIDS prevention programs, pointing to ways in which such programs can be strengthened.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14711163! 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article 14711163P Sociometrics Corporation, 170 State Street, Suite 260, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA.3<7Q Waite, L. J.
Joyner, K. 2001t Emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure in sexual unions: Time horizon, sexual behavior, and sexual exclusivity 247-264 Journal of Marriage & the Family 63 1G theory; pleasure; satisfaction; conceptual frames; conceptual theories; FebD This paper uses data from the 1992 National Health and Serial Life Survey to examine emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure from sex in intimate unions for adults in the U.S. Using perspectives from evolutionary biology and rational choice theory, we examine the effects of the following factors on emotional satisfaction and physical pleasure: time horizon expected for the relationship, sexual behavior within the relationship, and sexual exclusivity. We find a significant effect of measures for all 3 of these dimensions on emotional satisfaction with sex. For both men and women, time horizon and sexual exclusively are more strongly tied to Emotional satisfaction than they are to physical pleasure from sex, but sexual behavior has the same impact on Emotional satisfaction as it does on physical pleasure. [References: 33] 63(1)
Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Waite LJ NORC, Populat Res Ctr 1155 E 60th St Chicago, IL 60637 USA Univ Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 USA Cornell Univ, Dept Policy Anal & Management Ithaca, NY 14853 USA 0022-2445 J. Marriage Fam
402DN-0018 Cornell University, Dept Policy Analysis & Management Ithaca, NY 14853 USA NORC, Populat Res Ctr, 1155 E 60th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. English ?R Waites, Matthew 2003] Equality at Last? Homosexuality, Heterosexuality and the Age of Consent in the United Kingdom 637-655 Sexualities 37 4 social construction; post-structuralist; queer theory; identity; age of consent; childhood; equality; gay; homosexuality; youth November 1, 2003t The so-called gay age of consent' was the most high-profile issue in UK lesbian, gay and bisexual politics during the 1990s. Campaigning for an equal age of consent provoked a series of extended public and parliamentary debates, concluding with the passage of the Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act (2000).This article analyses these debates to reveal emerging social relationships between heterosexuality and homosexuality. It is argued that age of consent debates witnessed the ascendance of a new hegemony' supporting equality at 16', constituted through the interweaving of knowledge-claims generated within the mainstream epistemologies of biomedicine, law, criminology and child welfare.The analysis integrates critical sociological perspectives on these various forms of knowledge, with reference to epistemological transformations occurring in late modernity. Particular attention focuses on claims concerning the age at which the fixity of sexual identities is established. It is argued that the debate's structure enabled equality at 16' to be endorsed alongside the persistent operation of rationales of containment in the political mainstream, and hence that legal equality does not imply recognition of the equal value of homosexuality and heterosexuality. The implications are examined for ongoing struggles over sex offences, Section 28, and the social status of same-sex sexualities.5 http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/4/637 10.1177/00380385030374001qҿ?S Waites, Matthew 2005 The Fixity of Sexual Identities in the Public Sphere: Biomedical Knowledge, Liberalism and the Heterosexual/Homosexual Binary in Late Modernity 539-569 Sexualities 8 5F identity; liberalism; multiculturalism; public sphere; sexual identity December 1, 2005 This article analyses the persistence of the heterosexual/homosexual binary in contemporary society, by examining the circulation of knowledge-claims concerning the age at which the fixity' of sexual orientation' is established. It examines how the scientific' claims of medical authorities have been utilized in recent debates in the UK over equalization of the age of consent, and argues that such claims have persisted in influence through debates over repeal of Section 28 and legalization of adoption by same-sex couples. The analysis integrates social constructionist and queer perspectives on sexual identities from sociological and cultural theory, perspectives from political theory on contemporary liberalism, and an analysis of biomedical knowledge in late modernity. It is argued that the increasing assertion of claims for equality, citizenship and recognition of cultural diversity in mainstream politics is occurring largely within a persistent rationale of containment' which seeks to minimize the prevalence of homosexuality. This draws attention to particular tensions and dynamics operating in the lives of bisexuals and queers, and especially in the lives of young people.; http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/5/539 Sexualities Sheffield Hallam University. UK 10.1177/1363460705058393 ~?T Waitt, G. 2005@ The Sydney 2002 gay games and querying Australian national space 435-452( Environment & Planning D-Society & Space 23 3 spaces; Australia; Gay spaces In what ways did Sydney's Gay Games reinvent the Australian nation? In this paper I set out to examine this question by drawing upon the idea that sports and parades of athletes during opening ceremonies have been definitive moments for the Australian nation. I investigate the social terrains or bodyscapes invoked by sporting gay pride during the participants' parade at the opening ceremony and sports venues of the Sydney 2002 Gay Games. This enables insights into whether these spaces subverted the heteronormativity of sporting bodies that are metaphors for Australian national space. I centre my argument within a post-Foucauldian performance theory to consider both lived experience and textual representations of queer sports spaces. This approach advocates a recursive relationship between power, discourse, and critically reflexive, geographically embedded subjects. The ethnographic basis of my findings is participant observation and a time series of in-depth interviews with over forty self-identifying gay and queer males living in Sydney. I extract two overarching themes from the bodyscapes of the games: transcendence and imprisonment. For those actively involved in the making of camp bodyscapes, mimicking the monopoly of the dominant order through the authority of national signification provided by the parade of athletes at opening ceremonies and by sporting bodies offered a transgressive vehicle. However, the pillar of heteronormative sporting bodies in defining Australian national boundaries survived unchallenged. Sporting gay pride also worked to close rather than to open up a space for discourses about sexuality and national identity to occur. Closure from a mainstream audience occurred by jettisoning the shame that links sport, sex, and bodies. Closure also occurred amongst certain respondents who shunned the games, regarding it as disciplining bodies into 'normalcy'. [References: 49] 49 English Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Waitt G Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia 0006 Environ. Plan. D-Soc. Space- 939QI-0006 939QI: Document Delivery availableV University of Wollongong, School of Earth & Environm Sci Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia =~?U
Walker, L. 20056 Men behaving differently: South African men since 1994 225-38 Culture, Health & Sexuality 7 3Q masculinity; Africa; gender identity; sexual behavior; cultural characteristics; Mayq Liberal versions of sexuality, which mark South Africa's new democracy, have had a number of highly contradictory consequences for women and men, as old notions of masculinity and male privilege have been destabilized. The transition to democracy has precipitated a crisis of masculinity. Orthodox notions of masculinity are being challenged and new versions of masculinity are emerging in their place. Some men are seeking to be part of a new social order while others are defensively clinging to more familiar routines. Drawing on in-depth interviews with young African working class men, this paper explores new masculinities in contemporary South Africa. It examines how men negotiate their manhood in a period of social turbulence and transition. Masculinity, male sexuality, and the expectations which men have of themselves, each other and women are contested and in crisis.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16864199! 1369-1058 (Print)
Journal Article 16864199N University of Hull, Faculty of Health and Social Care, UK. E.Walker@hull.ac.uk{?V Quanyi Wang
Michael W Ross 2002a Differences between chat room and e-mail sampling approaches in Chinese men who have sex with men 361 AIDS Education and Prevention 14 5* methods; internet; sampling; homosexuality Oct 2002 In a study to determine sampling differences between Internet sites, we obtained data on 353 men who have sex with men in Chinese gay chat rooms and through e-mail web sites. Respondents were approached by the investigator and agreed to fill out an anonymous questionnaire on their Internet use and sexual activity. All materials and contacts were in Chinese characters. Data indicated that there were few differences between the chat room and Internet samples, but that those using e-mail appear to be more isolated, more homosexually-identified, have more experience with casual partners on a number of sexual activities, and were less likely to carry condoms and to have safe sex. E-mail respondents were more likely to want to discuss HIV/AIDS prevention on a web site or other site. These data suggest that the two recruiting methods are largely comparable in respondent characteristics, but that e-mail respondents are likely to be more isolated and at higher HIV risk than chat room participants.S http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=234256151&Fmt=7&clientId=20828&RQT=309&VName=PQD
TY - JOUR 08999546" Chinese Acadamy of Medical Science V<7W Weeks, J. 2005 Remembering Foucault 186-201# Journal of the History of Sexuality 14 1-2 social constructionism; Jan-Apr To be more specific and to come clean, I want to do two things: first of all, to show why Foucault appealed to those of us who came to be labeled in the 1970s and 1980s as social contructionists, and then to argue that, while not forgetting Foucault, we need to go beyond him in three key areas: first, the matter of identity/subjectivity; second, the historic present, “after Foucault,” in which we are actors; and third, the issue of ethics and values. To do that, I suggest, we need to remember what we learned through our encounters with Foucault. So first, let’s look at Foucault’s contribution to “the social construction of sexuality.” 14(1-2)
Article
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Reprint available from: Weeks J S Bank Univ London SE1 0AA England S Bank Univ London SE1 0AA England 1043-4070 J. Hist. Sex
004VH-0008+ South Bank Univ, London SE1 0AA, England, . English ?X 1 Wellings, Kaye
Branigan, Patrick
Mitchell, Kirsti 2000^ Discomfort, discord and discontinuity as data: using focus groups to research sensitive topics 255 - 267 Culture, Health and Sexuality 2 3 Routledge methods In the context of research into sensitive topics, focus groups may not at first seem the method of choice. Personal information may most likely be disclosed when assurances of privacy, confidentiality and a non-condemnatory attitude can be provided. The focus group format guarantees none of these. This paper reports on focus groups carried out in the general context of three different research projects with the common challenge of generating discussions around sensitive health topics. Analysis of these studies suggest not only that this investigative approach can elicit responses and opinions about sensitive topics, but that the dynamics of the focus group can provide data which are not generated by other research methods. Careful attention is needed to the strategies adopted by group participants to deal with opinions which are difficult to express. A broader interpretation of what constitutes data is urged.4 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/136910500422241 1369-1058 %[ May 28, 2007?Y Westhaver, Russell 2005D 'Coming Out of Your Skin': Circuit Parties, Pleasure and the Subject 347-374 Sexualities 8 3 HIV; gay men; risk July 1, 2005 At the heart of health promotion is an unproblematized assumption about a universal fear of dying. Advocates of health promotion try to tap into this fear and use it as a motivating factor to reduce risky practices. When death avoidance is not apparent - or resisted on the part of the subject - this is taken as evidence of the subject's irrationality or moral depravity. In this article, I draw on ethnographic research conducted on circuit parties' - large, all-night dance parties attended primarily by gay men - to argue that this assumption is neither analytically nor practically productive. I use the bodily pleasures associated with circuit parties to develop an alternative means of thinking about risky practices. Using the work of Axel Honneth to frame the circuit experience, it becomes possible to think about risky practice as a corporally embodied desire for social recognition rather than an expression of the mad immoral subject.< http://sexualities.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/3/347 10.1177/1363460705053338 ?Z Elizabeth Williams 2005 Asian Culture and AIDS 209-223 Brown Journal of World Affairs 12 1 culture; India6 Nowhere is the global HIV/AIDS crisis growing faster than in the Asia Pacific region, broadly defined as the area from Australia to Iran. One of every five new infections worldwide occure there; ten years ago it was fewer than one in ten. Statistices from the region suggest that the problem is getting worse. HIV/AIDS Asia Society M~?[ Wilson, B. D.
Miller, R. L. 2003E Examining strategies for culturally grounded HIV prevention: a review 184-202 AIDS Education and Prevention 15 27 cultural; HIV infections/ethnology/prevention & control Aprf Since the early 1990s culture has been considered an essential concept for understanding the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the prevention of HIV (Parker, 2001). Despite consensus that culture is an important issue in HIV prevention programming, the field lacks a common vision for how culture ought to inform intervention design and implementation. In this article, we review the HIV prevention literature published through 2001 to examine interventions that have explicitly sought to address cultural concepts. We describe the types of strategies used to integrate culture into HIV prevention, how culture has been evaluated as a component of preventive interventions, and to whom these culturally grounded programs are targeted. We highlight gaps in the current body of literature and provide recommendations for future research on culturally grounded HIV prevention programs.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12739794( 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 12739794X University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, 60607, USA. biancaw@uic.edu~?\
Wilson, S. N. 20009 Sex Education: Our current status, and an agenda for 2010 252-254 Family Planning Perspectives 32 5 education; abstinence Three articles in this issue of Family Planning Perspectives—on changing emphases in secondary school sexuality education ("Changing Emphases"), on sexuality education in grades 5-6 ("Grades 5-6") and on adolescents' views of reproductive health education ("Adolescents' Views")—provide valuable information for educators and advocates. They also point the way to new directions for research and for advocacy. English Editorial Material
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Wilson SN Rutgers State Univ, Network Family Life Educ Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA Rutgers State Univ, Network Family Life Educ Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA 0007 Fam. Plann. Perspect- 358GN-0007 358GN: Document Delivery available ~?] Wong, A. 2005> New directions in the study of language and sexuality [Review] 254-266 Journal of Sociolinguistics 9 2g language; heteronormativity; ideology vs. practice; performance vs. performativity; language and desiren Before reading Deborah Cameron and Don Kulick's Language and Sexuality, few would probably know that the beginning of the study of homosexual language could be traced back to the 1920s. In the pre Stonewall era, research on this topic was mostly concerned with the documentation of homosexual argot. Not until the publication of William Leap's (1996) seminal work on gay language did research in this area begin to gain recognition in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. No longer limited to the study of gay slang, research on gay language has become fashionable, if not respectable. Since the 1990s, articles on language and sexuality have appeared in well established journals, and several edited volumes on this topic have been published (e.g. Livia and Hall 1997, Campbell Kibler, Podesva, Roberts and Wong 2002). Nevertheless, the study of language and sexuality is still to a certain extent considered parochial: many continue to believe that it has little relevance to research in sociolinguistics proper (Queen 2002). This attitude accounts for the fact that few outside of the sub field realize that a debate has been raging over the merits and the limitations of the sociolinguistic study of sexual identity (see, e.g. Kulick 2000). The two books discussed in this review essay -Language and Sexuality and Speaking in Queer Tongues- are part of this on going dialogue. They point to new areas that deserve researchers' attention, reframe old questions in more productive ways, and raise interesting questions that have not yet been addressed. Of course, some of the issues discussed in these two books are directly relevant to research on language and sexuality, but others should also be of interest to those whose work does not primarily focus on this topic. In particular, the discussion of the distinction between ideology and practice sheds new light on questions about the use of linguistic resources in the construction of identity - be it sexual identity, gender identity, or ethnic identity. In what follows, I will first review some of the problems, pointed out by Cameron and Kulick, concerning previous research on language and sexuality. I will then discuss several prominent themes in these two books - namely, heteronormativity, ideology vs. practice, performance vs. performativity, language and desire, and finally, the connections among language, sexuality and globalization. English Review
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Reprint available from: Wong A Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Linguist 569 Moore Hall,1890 East West Rd Honolulu, HI 96822 USA Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Linguist Honolulu, HI 96822 USA 0017 J. Socioling- 941XA-0017 941XA: Document Delivery available ~?^ A Wong, F. Y.
Harper, G. W.
Duffy, K. G.
Faulring, C.
Eggleston, B. 2001v A content analysis of HIV/AIDS information in psychology textbooks: implications for education, training, and practice 561-70 AIDS Education and Prevention 13 64 education; continuing evaluation studies; psychology Dec1 Early in the pandemic, psychologists who engaged in HIV/AIDS research and practice or care relied more on their "general" psychological knowledge and training than on HIV/AIDS-specific information or training for combating the disease. In the past two decades much has been gained from the contributions of psychologists working in the areas of HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention. However, little is known regarding how the discipline prepares its students for a career in HIV/AIDS research and practice/care. One important venue for educating future psychologists is college-level textbooks because they are often the students' gateway to the scientific literature in psychology. Therefore, presentation of adequate and accurate information in these texts is critical. The present study involved a review and content analysis of introductory, clinical/counseling, health, human sexuality, and social/community psychology textbooks. It revealed that some level of information regarding HIV/AIDS was found in the majority of most college-level psychology texts that were reviewed. However, many books do not present a comprehensive overview or review of this problem, and do not adequately address the role psychology and behavior change can play in abating it. Implications for education, training, and practices are discussed.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11791787! 0899-9546 (Print)
Journal Article 11791787u George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20006, USA. ihofyw@gwumc.edu~?_ Woodson, J. C. 2002D Including 'learned sexuality' in the organization of sexual behavior 69-80 Neurosci Biobehav Rev 26 1 orientation; biopsychosocial Jan Learning plays numerous important roles in sexual development. Yet, the possible impacts on sexuality, of learning from experience, are rarely included in discussions of the organization of behavioral sex differences and the differentiation of psychosexual function. This article reviews the empirical evidence for 'learned sexuality' with a goal of reintroducing the topic of nurture into discussions of the ontogenetic processes that lead to sexual reproduction in nature. Evolutionarily relevant examples of sexual learning are broadly represented in the animal kingdom, and can occur relatively early in development, leading to lasting changes in behaviors that might otherwise appear to be instinctive, or in other cases, maladaptive. The lasting effects of social and sexual experiences across the lifespan provide an essential link between steroid-mediated events occurring during development, behavioral plasticity, and changes in motivational states in adulthood.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11835985( 0149-7634 (Print)
Journal Article
Review 11835985 University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, PCD 4118G, Cognitive and Neural Sciences Area, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. jcwoodso@chuma1.cas.usf.edu .?` Wright, Nat M. J.
Walker, Joy 2006d Homelessness and drug use - a narrative systematic review of interventions to promote sexual health 467 - 478 AIDS Care 18 5 Routledge health; methods; meta-analysis March 19, 2007 The objective of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of sexual health promotion interventions in homeless drug using populations. The following databases were searched: Medline (1966 to 2003), EMBASE (1980 to 2003), psycinfo (1985 to 2003), CINAHL (1982 to 2003), web of Science (1981 to 2003) and the Cochrane Library (Evidence Based health). Two independent researchers selected studies for inclusion. Inclusion criteria covered longitudinal studies using comparative statistics examining interventions to promote sexual health amongst homeless drug users. Studies excluding drug users from the study sample or where no mention was made of housing status were excluded. A narrative analysis of the papers was adopted to elicit common themes emerging from the studies. Of 99 papers identified, only 6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Interventions which seek to effect attitudinal and behavioural change through interactive methods such as role-play, video games and group work led to a self-reported reduction in both risk from drugs and sexual activity. The evidence for maintenance of risk reduction over one year remains unclear. Interventions do not appear to promote risky sexual activity in previously sexually inactive participants.6 http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09540120500220474
0954-0121 5~?a Wynn, L. L.
Trussell, J. 2006 The social life of emergency contraception in the United States: disciplining pharmaceutical use, disciplining sexuality, and constructing zygotic bodies 297-320 Medical Anthropology Quarterly 20 3/ reproduvtive health; contraception; legislation Sep* This article is an examination of the FDA hearing on a proposal to permit nonprescription access to the emergency contraceptive pill Plan B. Participants debated the drug's impact on female and young adult sexuality, illustrating how the rhetoric over disciplining pharmaceutical use in the American public is a displaced language for talking about disciplining women's and girls' sexuality. Debate over Plan B also focused on its mechanism of action and whether or not it was abortifacient, revealing a medical technology characterized not only by moral but also by marked scientific ambiguity. The scientific framing of the politics of emergency contraception is testament to the powerful authority of biomedicine to narrate and thus produce ideologies of bodies (individual, embryonic, social, and political), sexuality, and selves. The discourse on access to Plan B in the United States demonstrates how women's bodies are sites of control where the politics of sexuality, discourses on public health, and medical constructions of biological processes intersect.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16937619! 0745-5194 (Print)
Journal Article 169376199 Princeton University, Office of Population Research, USA.1?b Niza Yanay
Nitza Berkovitch 20066 Gender Imago: Searching for New Feminist Methodologies 193-216+ Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 6 2g feminist methodology; gender; identity; otherness; performance; psychoanalysis; sexuality; subjectivity Invoking Butler’s notion of gender performativity, Kristeva’s concept of foreignness, and Laplanche’s reconceptualization of otherness, the authors examine the power of fantasy to change the women and men that we always already are. Using “writing-in-response,” they discuss the meaning of gender performance in relation to their theoretical commitments. The article is structured around three different forms of dialogue: (a) two lectures that the authors presented, each one contesting accepted ideas of gender, self, and society; (b) seven e-mail correspondences that develop the ideas presented in the lectures and that dramatize the transition from speaking to writing-in-response; and (c) a discussion, developed both together and separately, that raises the possibility of exploring a new language of gendered subjectivity. The article challenges the concept of “direct experience,” the separation between psychology and sociology, and destabilizes the space between gender fantasy and performance. Ben Gurion University, Israel<7c Yeung, K. T. 2005F What does love mean? Exploring network culture in two network settings 391-420
Social Forces 84 1y relationships; social construction; intimacy; love; culture; social-structure; Galois lattices; duality; accuracy; agency Sep Meaning matters in the way people form social ties. Adopting an unconventional analytic technique - the Galois lattice analysis - I show how network researchers can uncover relational meanings using conventional research techniques (i.e., closed-ended network surveys). Galois lattice analysis also inspires new ways of conceptualizing relational meanings in terms of the duality of persons and relationships, that is, how actors' understandings of each other as persons define the understandings of their relationships with them, and vice versa. The co-constitution of these dualistic meanings thus defines a "network culture." Comparing two communal settings in which the meaning of "love" is constructed, I demonstrate that different network cultures produce different meaning structures that guide how actors relate to one another, resulting in different degrees of group stability. [References: 48] 84(1)
Article
Current Contents(R)/Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Reprint available from: Yeung KT Rutgers State Univ 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Rutgers State Univ Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA 0037-7732 Soc. Forces
991YT-0017C Rutgers State Univ, 54 Joyce Kilmer Ave, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. English U~?d $ Zea, M. C.
Reisen, C. A.
Diaz, R. M. 2003U Methodological issues in research on sexual behavior with Latino gay and bisexual men 281-91 Am J Community Psychol 31 3-4J Research; Methods; Bisexuality; Culture; Hispanic Americans; Homosexuality Jun7 Latino gay men are at high risk for HIV/AIDS, and therefore it is critical that we increase our understanding of their sexual behavior. This paper discusses theoretical and methodological issues of conducting research with Latino gay and bisexual men. The importance of culture in psychological theory addressing sexual behavior is highlighted. Cultural and socioeconomic forces that impact the social construction of sexuality and sexual risk need to be taken into account to increase research validity. Social context and internalized sociocultural experiences can affect a variety of issues, including sexual scripts and the definition and fluidity of sexual orientation identity. Moreover, Latino gay men's sexuality may be influenced by experiences of oppression, discrimination, racism, and homophobia. Level of acculturation should also be considered. Measures that are developed by taking into account the cultural context and incorporating a Latino perspective are helpful in conducting meaningful research. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods will help provide a picture rich in context and at the same time generalizable. The relationship between researchers and participants is affected by Latino cultural styles, and suggestions for approaches to conduct research in the Latino gay community are offered.e http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12866685! 0091-0562 (Print)
Journal Article 12866685p George Washington University. Department of Psychology, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA. zea@gwu.edu Xri, Jyoti 2005] Conference Report - Transnational Feminist Sociologies: Current Challenges, Future Directions" Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2 1$ feminism (International) ; sociologyw On August 13, 2004, just prior to the start of the American Sociological Association's Annual Meeting, a number of feminist social scientists came together to engage with useful conceptual and political approaches to sexuality and gender. In particular, we were drawn to the possibilities for transnational feminist sociology to enrich our research, scholarship and activism. 63 PK y H ! I H !
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